Individualized therapy is dependent on rapid and accurate diagnosis of pathogens,and refined susceptibility reporting.The annually revised interpretive criteria of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) causes widespread concern of microbiologists.The major changes in CLSI M100-S24 are described in this article.The document mainly changed the Cefepime breakpoint for Enterobacteriaceae and introduced a new concept-- susceptible-dose dependent interpretive category.Optimizing the use of antimicrobial agents requires clinical microbiologists and clinicians to have a good knowledge of the new breakpoints.

Antithrombotic therapy is essential to success of percutaneous cardiovascular intervention(PCI)and reduction of postprocedural thrombotic complications.Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies are central to current antithrombotic therapy.The mechanism of thrombogenesis,related factors,clinical guidelines and considerations associated with antithrombotic drugs are illustrated in this paper.

Drug resistance is becoming a serious issue worldwide.Obtaining accurate antimicrobial susceptibility results requires refined standard operation procedures,thus achieving the goal of individual therapy.The interpretive criteria CLSI revised annually causes widespread concern of clinical microbiologists.The major changes in CLSI M100-S25 are described in this article,focusing on the introduction of Carba NP confirmatory test for suspected carbapenemase production and epidemiological cutoff values.

Objective:To develop the Abusive Behavior Scale for Superiors under the Chinese context (ABSSC) and test its validity and reliability.Methods:Based on literature analysis and the open questionnaire survey in 32 employees,this study defined the construct of ASBSS,and compiled the preliminary questionnaire.A sample of 200 employees coming from companies was selected for item analysis.A sample of 445 employees was investigated with this questionnaire,223 of them were assessed for exploratory factor analysis and 222 of them were assessed for confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency test with 2 week interval.Results:The ABSSC consisted of 11 items in 3 factors,which were neglect and slander,obstructionism and hard on subordinates.The 3 factors explained 55.45％ of the total variance.Furthermore,the result of CFA indicated that the model fitted the data with well constmct validity (RMSEA =0.06,GFI =0.94,NFI =0.92,CFI =0.96,IFI =0.96).The Cronbach α coefficient of the whole scale and its three facts were 0.87,0.79,0.78,and 0.76,respectively.Conclusion:It suggests that the Abusive Behavior Scale for superiors under the Chinese context (ABSSC) is reliable and valid enough to be applicable to measure superiors' abusive behavior under the background of Chinese culture.

Objective: To study the effect of bifidobacterium-supplemented enteral nutrition in early postoperative patients with gastric cancer. Methods: 60 patients with gastric cancer were divided into two groups: bifidobacterium-supplemented enteral nutrition(BSEN-group, 30 cases), popular enteral nutrition group(EN-group,30 cases). The patients were infused with Nutrison Fibre or bifidobacterium-supplemented Nutrison Fibre for 7 postoperative days. Results: Bifidobacterium-supplemented enteral nutrient was well tolerated. The incidence of infections was significantly lower (P = 0.01) in BSEN-group than in EN-group. Conclusion: Early postoperative enteral nutrition plus bifidobacterium can reduce the rate of postoperative infections in comparison with popular enteral nutrition.

Objective: To investigate whether FasL expression by exogenous FasL gene transfer had regulatory effect on drug sensitivity of tumor cells. Methods: Exogenous Fasl, gene transfer was mediated by lipofectAMINE. The FasL expression was detected bv Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. The growth inhibition of cytotoxic drugs on tumor cells was measured by MTT assay. Fas mRNA expression was analyzed bv Semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results: The eukaryotic expression vector, PcDNA3-FasL and PcDNA3 were successfully transteeted into MCF-7 cells. The transfectant cells was named as MCF-7/FL or MCF-7/Vt respectively. FasL was expressed on MCF-7/FL but not on MCF-7/Vt or MCF-7. The cytolysis ot MCF-7/FL induced by adriamycin at concentration of 0.625 ~ 2.5 ?g/ml, cisplatin of 1 .25 ~ 10 ?g/ml, or methotrexate of 3 ~ 6 ?g/ml respectively were all significantly enhanced compared with the cytolysis of MCF-7. Blocking FasL by using F(ab' )2-anti APO-1 antibody markedly reduced this up-regulated cytolysis induced by these drugs The significant up-regulation of Fas mRNA on MCF-7/FL was observed by Semi-quantitative RT-PCR after these drugs treatment. Conclusion: These findings indicated that FasL expression by gene transfer had up-regulation effect on drug sensitivity of tumor cells, this effect was associated with enhanced Fas expression induced by cytotoxic drugs.

Objective To investigate the impact of daily life ability, self-efficacy and social support on post-stroke depression. Methods This was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. A convenience sample of stroke patients from neurology department was created. Data were collected from patients about their level of daily life ability, self-efficacy, social support and depression measured. Inferential statistics multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the relationships between the predictors and post-stroke depression. Results A total of 144 (96.00%) of 150 stroke patients completed the questionnaires. The level of depression was 14.19 ± 9.25 with 25.00% (36/144) of incidence of post-stroke depression. Self-efficacy scored 40.45 ± 11.41, social support scored 28.34 ± 8.02, which negatively predicted depression (r=-0.834 and-0.736, P<0.01 respectively). Self-efficacy had the most significant impact on depression (t=-6.433, P < 0.01), however, the impact from daily life ability scored 76.74 ± 22.12, which had not statistically significant impact on depression (t=-1.773, P=0.083). Conclusions During treatment and nursing management of post-stroke depression, attention should be paid to the psychiatric variable such as self-efficacy and social support.

The expression of microRNA (miRNA) is closely related to radio-chemosensitivity in glioma stem cells (GSCs).Moreover,the growth of glioma stem cells could be inhibited comprehensively by increasing radio-chemosensitivity and apoptosis,simultaneously with the regulation of a single miRNA,which has been confirmed by some researches.Thereby microRNA is prospective for the adoption as a specific agent in targeted therapy of glioma,so as to increase the radio-chemosensitivity in glioma stem cells.

Objective:To collect and evaluate the information of literature on perimenopausal syndrome.Methods:The computer retrieval method supplemented by manual inspection of literature.Results:590 relevant documents were retrieved and among which 129 were comprehensively studied.Conclusion:The quality of the literature should be improved though there was an annual quantitive increase of the literature on perimenopausal syndrome in TCM.Great efforts should be made in this aspect.

Ascending and descending efferent projections of superior coUiculus were indentified by means of the anterograde horseradish peroxidase technique in the cat.Following injections of HRP into the rostral superior colliculus, a large number of labeled terminals were found mainly in several of the ipsilateral thalamic nuclei:ventromedial division of the ventral nucleus of the lateral geniculate body, zona incerta,lateral posterior nucleus, parafasciculus nucleus and centromedian nucleus. The mediodorsal nucleus and thalamic reticular nucleus were also found mildly labeled.Labeling were most heavily concentrated in the ipsilateral dorsolateral division of pontine nucleus and caudal region of parabigeminal nucleus. The dorsal part of medial accessory olivary was the only nucleus labeled contralaterally. After injecting HRP into the caudal superior colliculus, only the dorsolateral division of pontine nucleus was densely labeled, while labeled terminals of caudal parabigeminal nucleus signifcantly reduced in amount. No labeled terminals were found in the thalamus as well as medial accessory olivary nucleus. These results indicate that the efferent connections of superior colliculus are topographically organized.