Objective The aim of this study is to discuss the clinical teachers' behavior choices in the aspects of medical care,education and research,and explore the related factors by making an investigation.Methods This study adopts the method of Literature Review,interview and questionnaire investigation.Results 57.6％ of clinical teachers obviously felt enormous pressure,83.28％ of clinical teachers support the saying busy and time pressing is one of the most important facts; in view of the time allocation,the majority of the clinical teachers' arrangement is medical care ＞ research ＞ education or medical care ＞ education ＞ research.Conclusions Time and energy became the scarce resources for clinical teachers.On the other hand,the conflict relationship among medical care,education and research makes clinical teachers stand at the crossroads.The understanding of the relationship among medical care,education and research,and the policy environment are important factors when a clinical teacher was making a stand.

Objective To understand the pregnancy outcomes and risk factors in pregnant women infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Methods Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies in sera from 2 740 cases of pregnant women were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in Zhuozhou Municipal Maternal and Child Health Care Center from 2010 to 2013,and the pregnancy outcomes were followed up. The risk factors for Toxoplasma infection were investigated with questionnaires. Results Among the 2 740 cases of pregnant women,195 cases were found with antibodies to T. gondii(7.12%),and among them,44 cas-es were IgM positive(22.56%),and 151 cases were IgG positive(77.44%). There were 41 cases with adverse pregnancy out-comes among the 195 cases(21.02%),including 32 cases of IgM positive(78.05%)and 9 cases of IgG positive(21.95%). There were 6 cases of adverse pregnancy outcomes in uninfected pregnant women(2.86%). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). The close contact with animals,eating raw meat,eating chafing dish or barbeque,and eating raw meat stuffing were important risk factors in pregnant women infected with T. gondii(compared with the uninfected group,P<0.01). Conclusion The Toxoplasma infection may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes,therefore,to develop good habits of life and health is an effective way to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic degenerative skeletal disease, characterized by reduced bone mass and disrupted bone microarchitecture, leading to enhanced bone fragility, decreased bone strength and increased susceptibility to frac?tures. Its occurrence and development is an extremely complex biological process, which is a multi factor, multi gene and multi stage experience. Osteoporosis is the fourth chronic disease in our country, which mainly affects postmenopausal women and the el?derly. Bone mass is jointly maintained by the action of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. If the im?balance between the two occurs, resulting in reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption, bone homeostasis is changed to cause osteoporosis. Traditional treatment for osteoporosis are drugs which just to depress bone resorption (such as bisphospho?nates and estrogen), or just to promote bone formation (such as PTH and statins), or just to supply the source of calcium. This sin?gle point of local treatment is clearly difficult to play a long?term part in complex lesions of osteoporosis. In recent years, research?ers have studied the molecular signaling pathways related to osteoporosis. The current studies reveal that signaling pathways in os?teoporosis include MAPK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β?catenin, RANKL/RANK/OPG, Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways. These signal?ing pathways play an important role in the molecular pathogenesis of osteoporosis. In addition, there are GH/IGF?1, PPAR?γ, PTH signaling pathways and so on. Taking these signaling pathways as targeting points is a new strategy for the development of new anti osteoporosis drugs or the prevention of osteoporosis. But there are cross?talks and/or interactions between these signaling pathways related to osteoporosis and the pathogenesis of osteoporosiswhich make its therapy more difficult. This paper reviews the research progress of signaling pathway in osteoporosis in order to explore the molecular mechanism of its occurrence. Thus these signaling pathways can be taken as new targets to develop safer and more effective anti?osteoporosis drugs.

Leukemia is a malignant hyperplasia disease of hematopoietic system. It is characterized that a certain blood cell system proliferates, gets into blood streaming, infiltrates each organism and apparatus and arouse a series of clinical manifestation. In recent years the study of leukemia has discovered that it was correlated with apoptosis of the cells. The roles of XIAP and survivin in apoptosis inhibition have been especially paid attention. It is discovered that they play major roles in the genesis and resistance to chemotherapeutical drug of tumors. We summarize the biological characteristics and the expressions of XIAP and survivin in the children with acute leukemia.

Objective To identify the differentially expressed genes and functional enrichment pathways using bioin?formatics technology in mice who were acutely administered with Morphine. Methods First, we downloaded microarray da?tasets of mice which were acutely administered with Morphine from Gene Expression Omnibus, and assess the quality control parameters of the microarray datasets using AffyQCReport 1.42.0 package by R programming language 3.1.0 software. Subse?quently, the differentially expressed genes of the microarray datasets were identified using the linear models for microarray data of R language. Finally, functional pathways of the differentially expressed genes were enriched based on expression anal?ysis and systematic explorer. Results The microarray datasets showed preferable uniformity and intension similarity. A to?tal of 481 differentially expressed genes including Gm11627, Zfand4, Zbtb16, Pkp2 and Plin4 were identified. While 8 func?tional enrichment pathways, including pathways in cancer, melanogenesis and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling were revealed. Conclusion The differentially expressed genes and functional pathways were the underlying biomarkers of mice who were acutely administered with Morphine.

Objective To discuss the influence and curative effect observation of inhalation of formoterol/budesonide on matrix metalloproteinase of plasma(MMP)-2 and 9 for asthmatic patients (AAPs).Methods According to the digital table,68 cases of AAPs in acute stage of attack were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The patients in two groups were given routine medical treatments like anti-infection,antispasmodic and relieving asthma,relieving coμgh and reducing sputum and etc.In addition,the patients in observation group were given the inhalation of formoterol/budesonide with 4.5μg/160μg,two times daily for 2 weeks.Except for formoterol/budesonide,the medical treatments given to patients in control group were the same with those in observation group.The changes of MMP-2 and 9 levels in blood serum before and after 2 weeks' medical treatment were observed and compared,and proceed with the curative and safety observation.Results After 2 weeks' medical treatment,the MMP-2 and 9 in blood serum both were declined sharply(t =2.87,2.97,2.21,2.31,P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05),and the compared with control group,the decrease value(t =2.45,2.37,all P ＜ 0.05) was obviously higher.Meanwhile,the total clinical effective rate in observation group (94.12％) was obviously higher than that in control group (70.59％)(x2 =6.48,P ＜ 0.05) ; The numbers of untoward effect occurrence in the medical treatment period were 3 cases in control group and 5 cases in observation group,which both had light symptom and did not appeared serious untoward effects.The comparison result of untoward effect between two groups had no obvious statistical difference(x2 =0.14,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion formoterol/budesonide has reliable medical treatment effect and high security to asthmatic,whose mechanism of action has effect on MMP-2 and 9 level adjustment,correction of degradation of extracellular matrix and dysequilibrium,and chronic airway inhibition and remodeling.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk factors for postoperative nosocomial infection(NI) among inpatients with cervical carcinoma.METHODS A prospective and retrospective study was carried out to investigate the clinical data of patients with cervical carcinoma in department of gynecology during the period from Jan 1 to Dec 31,2003.RESULTS The incidence and case incidence of NI were 22.88% and 23.99%,urinary tract infection((52.3%)) was the most common infection,followed by vaginal margin infection and pelvic infection.NI was closely related with diabetes mellitus,the duration of catheter reservation,and different operators.CONCLUSIONS NI is high in postoperative patients with cervical carcinoma,which should be paid attention during the course of clinical treatment.

Objective:To design an internal jugular vein catheter protective bag and it can be applied to fix internal jugular vein catheter for patients receiving hemodialysis.Methods: To use retrospective analysis to research the different method of fixed dialysis catheter for 40 patients cured by internal jugular vein catheterization. 40 patients were randomly divided into observation group (20 patients) and control group (20 patients) depended on different fixed catheter method. To use the internal jugular vein catheter protective bag to fix dialysis catheter on the observation group; and to use conventional gauze and 3 M transparent sticking to fix dialysis catheter on control group. And then to observe the level of fixed internal jugular vein catheter, detached catheter rate and infection rate.Results: The fixed level of internal jugular vein catheter fixed of observation group was higher than control group and the difference was statistical significantly (x2=26.334,P<0.05); both of the detached catheter rate and infection rate of observation group were lower than control group and the difference also was statistical significant (x2=5.796,x2=28.540;P<0.05).Conclusion: Internal jugular vein catheter protective bag can prevent inner sticking detachment, catheter slippage and infection, therefore, it can satisfy clinical application and have got patent license for utility model. This patent is worthy to popularize and apply.

Pharmaco kinetics of probimane in rabbits was studied by using high-performance liguid chromatography. After the oral adiminis-tration of probimane 75mg/kg to rabbits,the phatmacokinetic characteristics are found to fit a two compartment open model. The pharmacokinetic parameters are: tl/2? = 0.1933h, tl/2? = 4.9568h, K21 =2.9410h-1, K10=0.6492h-1 K12=3.75l2h-1 AUC = 98.9l01h ? mg/L, Cls=0.7583L? kg-1 ? h-1, V/f(c) = 1.0924L ? kg-1, VSS=1.5114L. kg-1.

OBJECTIVE To understand the characteristics of nosocomial infection and its risk factors in the department of neurology, and to explore effective prevention and control measures for reducing the incident rate of nosocomial infection. METHODS Target monitoring procedures were setup. Prospective monitoring was done in inpatients in the department of neurology from Jan 2005 to Dec 2006. RESULTS Among 2682 patients, 135 patients (163 cases) suffered from nosocomial infection. The infection rate of the cases was 6.08%. Compared to the rate before monitoring (13.77%), it decreased 7.69%. The most common infection sites of the nosocomial infection were lower respiratory tract (34.36%) and urinary tract (26.38%), respectively. Pathogen test showed that main pathogens were Gram-negative bacilli (50.00%), then the fungi (32.95%). CONCLUSIONS Through target monitoring we can acquire patients′ information accurately in time, and set effective prevention and control measures to reduce the nosocomial infection rate.