ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of testosterone on motor neuron after sciatic nerve injury. MethodsTwelve adult C57 male mice were randomly divided into two groups: the sesame oil control group (n= 6) and the testosterone experimental group (n= 6). Unilateral sciatic nerve cutting severed as the animal model. Following operation, sesame oil or testosterone was administered for the control and experimental animals respectively via subcutaneous injection every other day for two weeks. The number and soma area of the anterior horn motor neurons in the lumbosacral cord of the sciatic nerve injury side were then measured on Nissl stained sections. Results In the testosterone group the motor neurons appeared healthier than that in the sesame control group. The neurons were plumper and showed more processes. Their number and average soma size were significantly larger than that in the sesame control (P<0.01). Conclusion The findings demonstrate that testosterone has a significant protective effect on sciatic nerve motor neurons after nerve injury.

Objective:To investigate the effect of ischaemia preconditioning (IP) on function of the transplanted lungs.Methods:Rat orthotopic left lung transplantation (OLT) was performed using the cuff anastomosis technique.The rats were divided into two groups ① CONT (n=16):OLT without IP.② IP (n=15):OLT plus IP.Results:In IP group blood gas exchange and recipient survivals were significantly improved and extravascular water content decreased compared with CONT group.Conclusion:Ischaemia preconditioning not only ameliorates graft injury but inhibits graft dysfunction after OLT.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous cefmetazole in the treatment of patients with aspiratory pneumonia. Methods A multicenter, prospective and open-labeled trial was conducted. A total of 1522 patients were enrolled at the beginning, and only 1324 were evaluabled at the endpoint. The duration of treatment was 7-14 days. During the treatment and follow-up periods, we recorded any unexpected symptoms and abnormal laboratory tests. At last,we evaluated its efficacy and safety. Results The total effective rate of cefmetazole was 79. 8% (1056/1324). The total bacterial eradication rate was 75.0% ( 342/456 ) . The bacterial eradication rates of klebsiellar pneumonia, escherichia, staphyloccocus aureus and anaerobic bacteria were 78.2% (97/124), 80.8% (80/99), 89.0% (81/91), 9/11,respectively. Conclusions Cefmetazole is effective and safe in the treatment of aspiratory pneumonia.

Objective: A longitudinal study design was used to explore the effect of perceived discrimination on the psychological adaptation of children relocated to alleviate poverty. Methods: Four hundred twenty six children who were relocated to alleviate poverty were measured three times using a perceived discrimination questionnaire, childhood depression inventory, and the Illinois loneliness questionnaire, the data were analyzed using a cross lag model. Results: Depression and loneliness of children relocated to alleviate poverty had an increasing trend during the three surveys( F=18.79, 8.69, P <0.01). Perceived discrimination was positively correlated with depression and loneliness at the time points for the three surveys( r=0.23~0.55, P <0.01). Cross lag analysis showed that perceived discrimination in the pretest (Tn) significantly predicted posttest (Tn+1) depression ( β=0.16, 0.20, P < 0.01 ) and perceived discrimination at time 2 significantly predicted loneliness ( β=0.25, P <0.01) at time 3. Conclusion Perceived discrimination was shown to be an important factor affecting the psychological adaptation of children relocated to alleviate poverty.

BACKGROUND: Amnesic shellfish poisoning(ASP) is caused by consumption of seafood contaminated by marine neurotoxins, mainly domoic acid (DA).OBJECTIVE: To ensure the safety of shellfish consumption by determining DA in shellfish by means of liquid chromatography(LC) combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(Q-TOF MS).DESIGN: A self-controlled prospective study SETTING: The experiment was carried out in the Center for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Exit-Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau.MATERIALS: MUS-1B, a nominal sample of homogenized mussel tissue (containing 36 ± 1μg DA per gram, Batch No. MUS-1B 0159) and the standard DA solution (100 mg/L, Batch No. DACS-1C 352) were purchased from National Research Council of Canada (Halifax, Canada). Positive musscl samples were collected from the waters during the occurrence of red tide in China East Sea, and blank mussel samples were obtained from local seafood market. LC system (Waters 2695) combined with Q-TOF MS (Qultima, Micromass) and ultravilet (UV) detection (Waters 2487 ) was employed for analysis of ASP toxins.METHODS: The shellfish tissue samples were extracted with methanol-water (1: 1, V/V) and cleansed with a SAX solid-phase extraction cartridge. Separation was carried out on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-18 column (250×2.1 mm, 3.5μm) with gradient elution of CAN-H20 containing 0.05% formic acid at a flow rate of 0.20 mL per minute. In a positive electrospray ionization DA was ionized effectively, and collision-induced dissociation(CID) produced predominant characteristic ions[M + H] +allowing sensitive TOF MS detection.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Limit of quantification(LOQ); ②Accuracy and precision of LC/Q-TOF MS method.RESULTS: The average recoveries of DA spiked to tissue homogenates through the complete cleanse procedure ranged from 87.8% to 94.6%, and the relative standard deviations(RSD) ranged from 8.4% to 11.9%. TheLOQ in the shellfish tissue was 0.1 μg/g.CONCLUSION: LC/Q-TOF MS suits well the purpose of detecting and identifying ASP toxins in shellfish with high sensitivity and specificity, and may provide reference values for monitoring the safety of consumption of shellfish.

Objectives:To formulate the specific basic medical services package that adapts to China’s health-care situations. Methods:With the optional items which are covered by medical insurance and the medical services price regulation in 2012 , the 2 phase and 5 steps experts consultation methods were applied according to the princi-ples of meeting characteristics and the floor level of basic medical services. Results:1343 items are included in the basic medical service package and finally 713 items in the supplementary package. Discussion and suggestion: The screening strategy combining medical insurance system ensures the chosen items’ economical efficiency. The basic medical service providers are not just restricted in primary medical institutions. The government responsibility should be highlighted and the basic medical insurance system should be developed to be the main financial subsidy re-sources.

The establishment of basic medical service system is the premise to realize that everyone will have access to basic healthcare rights. This study puts forward the basic medical services concept according to the evolution of basic medical services connotation and status quo of research at domestic and abroad. Based on the four basic characteristics’ “necessity, fairness, accessibility and efficiency”, the paper studies the connotation and governmen-tal responsibilities, and provides policy references for practical work in the future.

Objective To investigate the long-term effect of direct percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on left ventricular remodeling in patients aged ≥75 years with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods 108 cases of patients with acute myocardial infarction were collected into the study.Direct PCI were completed in patients in PCI group within 12 hours of onset.Patients in non-PCI group received conventional conservative treatment with drugs.Patients were followed up for 0.5-8.0 years,and cardiac function (NYHA) and the detected ultrasonic cardiogram were evaluated during follow-up.Results The 106 patients received follow-up.Two female patients who were not treated with PCI died during follow-up,one patient died of sudden cardiac death and another patient died of severe pneumonia.Compared with non-PCI group,direct PCI group showed that cardiac function (NYHA) grade was lower(t=3.17,P＜0.05),the end-systolic and end-diastolic volume of left ventricle were less(t=3.50、3.90,all P＜0.01),the left ventricular ejection fraction was increased (t=2.00,P＜0.05),the ventricular wall motion index was smaller (t=2.96,P＜0.01).E/A ratio was higher,E wave deceleration time was shorter,and left ventricular mass index was smaller (t=4.04,4.29,4.70,respectively,all P＜0.01),the left ventricular long and short axis diameter were decreased (t=2.30,t=5.53,P＜0.05 or 0.01),and Spherical index was increased (t=2.97,P＜0.01).Conclusions Direct PCI treatment improves chronic ventricular remodeling in elderly patients with AMI and contributes to long-term improvement in cardiac function.

Dual coding is a phenomenon which refers to a mature mRNA that contains two open reading frames(ORFs) in the same direction to code two different proteins.This phenomenon is quite common in prokaryote,bacteriophages and viruses as an economical and effective way to present the genome information.However,recent reports suggest that the dual coding phenomenon does also occur in eukaryote.Dual coding will help us to further understand the complicated regulation of eukaryotic genes or even the law of molecular evolution.

AIM:To study the parameters of supercritical CO_2 extraction of essential oil from valeriana efficinalis by orthogonal design. METHODS: Four factors,such as extraction pressure,extraction temperature,extraction time and separation temperature were chosen by the observation of orthogonal design,each factor was assigned to three levels.Bornyl acetate content was selected as a marker in a position to determine optimal extraction. RESULTS: Pressure and temperature were the main factors in effecting the extraction of bornyl acetate,extraction time was minor factor relatively. CONCLUSION: The optimal extraction is as follow,parameters were extraction pressure:12 MPa,extraction temperature:45 ℃,extraction time:1 hour,separation temperature:35 ℃,it gave the best recoveries of essential oils and bornylacetate.