Stem cells research is the hotspot in the field of biological science and medicine.Stem cells can be classified into embryonic stem cells and somatic stem cells.Embryonic stem cells derived from early preimplantation embryo have the pluripotent and unlimited self-renewal capacity.They are an attractive source for tissue engineering,gene therapy,basic study of developmental biology and so on.However,such therapies carry a risk of teratoma formation,and may contribute to the functional failure of the graft.Here,we discuss the reasons for the formation of teratoma and the solutions to this problem.

Pluripotent stem cells are type of cells that can differentiate into cells of ectoderm,mesoderm and endoderm layers.Cells isolated from developing embryos such as embryonic stem cells,embryonic germ cells,as well as cells derived from adult tissues and bone marrow and testis,have been proved to be pluripotent.Recent studies demonstrated that differentiated cells from adult could be reprogrammed to become pluripotent by genetic manipulation.The characteristics of pluripotent cells from different origins are summarized in this review,and the possible relationship between those populations is discussed.

Stem cells offer considerable promise in the repair or replacement of damaged tissue in the body.Mature and functional endothelial cells play a pivotal role in neovascularization and maintenance of blood vessel integrity.Although being the best choice for transplantation endothelial,cells isolated from autologous vessels have been heavily obstacled in medical application due to poor resources and limitted proliferation potential in culture.Thus,stem cells have been the focus of the studies soareh for suitable cell sources.Several types of stem cells have been reported to possess endothelial cell differentiation potential.This article summarized the recent study on the sources,distribution,features-differentiation,animal experiments and clinical use of stem cells.Advantages and disadvantages are compared to provide a reference for the choice of evdothelial celia source.

Since the first successful establishment of human embryonic stem cell line in 1998,embryonic stem cell research has attracted much attention in recent years.Theoretically,embryonic stem cells are pluripotent 0f in vitro proliferation and in vivo differentiation.which could serve as a promising seed cell source for cell thera PY or tissue engineering.Differentiation of the embryonic stem cells into a certain type of cell still remains a big challenge.Studies regarding chondrogenic ifferentiation have been reported.This article summarizes the chon drogenic process in developing embryo and the currently known factors involved in the in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cell.Foreground of the study in this field is discussed.

The concept of hemangioblast was proposed a century ago. The existence of hemangioblasts has been demonstrated recently in vitro by differentiation of mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) cell into em-bryoid bodies(EBs). In the developing embryo, a common progenitor, termed "hemangioblast", generates both hematopoietic and endothelial cell lineages. The in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells to hemangioblast is a powerful approach for studying the commitment of the hematopoietic and endothelial lineages. This review will summarize recent development in the studies on hemangioblast.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. Though the development of multidisciplinary therapy has largely improved the therapy effects, many patients still died of local recurrence and metastases after surgery. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) originates from primary tumor tissues and has a close relationship with cancer metastases and prognosis. This review summarizes the CTC detection methods and relevant clinical research on CTC in recent years.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, pathological and biochemical featur es of paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The clinical data of 624 HCC patients (the ratio of male to female 5.3∶1) ident ified by pathology were retrospectively reviewed. Results Among the patients with HCC, 32.2% (201/624) had PNS, the ratio of male to femal e was 4.6∶1. PNS mainly manifested as six clinical abnormalities: hyperchol esterol emia (15.9%), hypoglycemia(8.2%), thrombocytosis(7.7%), leucocytosis(4.8%), eryt hrocytosis(3.4%), hypercalcemia (1.0%). The carcinoma of PNS originated in multi si tes, they mainly located at the right lobe of liver, whilst 47.5% of patients wi th PNS were involved in two lobes. The level of ?-glutamyltranspeptidase in PN S was statistically higher than that free of PNS controls (261.2?224.0 vs. 165 .8?152.2, P

Growing energy consumption has become a key consideration for hospital infrastructure,while densely-placed data centers in the hospital make things worse.In view of energy saving and environment protection,the authors briefed the inevitable trend and requirements for the hospitals to build environment-friendly data centers,with key details and outcomes covered.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the first-pass effect and mechanism of vitexin-4′-O-glucoside(VG)in rats so as to pro-vide a basis for new drug development. METHODS:10 SD rats were divided into a group of hepatic portal venous administration and a group of femoral venous administration,which respectively received VG iv at superior mesenteric vein and femoral vein,and then metabolic rate was calculated by finding out the AUC of VG in the rats’livers. 15 SD rats were divided into a group of gastric infusion,a group of intestinal infusion and a group of hepatic portal venous infusion,which respectively received VG by infusion at gastric fundus and duodenum and iv at superior mesenteric vein,and then metabolic rate was calculated by finding out the AUC of VG in the rats’stomachs and intestines. 15 SD rats were divided into a group of intestinal infusion,a group of femoral venous administration and a group of normal saline. At 10 min before administration,the former two groups were given by infusion vera-pamil injection(60 ml/kg),the substrate of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein(P-gp);and the group of normal saline were given by infu-sion of isometric normal saline,and then the rats were given VG as above to observe the effect of verapamil on intestinal absorp-tion of VG. RESULTS:The metabolic rates of VG in the liver,stomach and intestine were 54.9%,1.7% and 91.9% respectively. After infusion of verapamil,slight increase in AUC of VG was found in the rats in the group of intestinal infusion. CONCLU-SIONS:The first-pass effects in the liver and intestine are the main factors related to the low bioavailability of VG. Based on pre-liminary judgment,VG is the substrate of intestinal CYP3A and/or P-gp.

Objective:To explore the influence of resveratrol on blood lipid level and expression of adipose differenti-ation related protein (ADRP)in atherosclerosis (AS)model rabbits.Methods:A total of 36 New Zealand rabbits were randomly and equally divided into normal control group,AS model group,low dose resveratrol group (low dose group)and high dose resveratrol group (high dose group).Rabbits received 15-week administration,expression level of serum lipoprotein,ADRP and ADRPmRNA expressions in adipocytes of rabbit aortic tissue were measured and compared among all groups before and after treatment.Results:Compared with AS model group at the end of 15th week,there were significant reductions in serum concentrations of total cholesterol [TC,(18.25±4.35)mmol/L vs.(12.79±2.45)mmol/L,(10.35±2.80)mmol/L],triglyceride [TG, (3.15±0.94)mmol/L vs. (2.63± 0.75)mmol/L、(1.18±0.64)mmol/L]and low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C,(15.18±3.65)mmol/L vs.(8.35±1.15)mmol/L,(7.18±1.75)mmol/L],and significant rise in level of high density lipoprotein choles-terol [HDL-C,(1.02±0.36)mmol/L vs.(3.22±1.02)mmol/L,(2.72±0.82)mmol/L]in low dose group and high dose group (P <0.05 or <0.01),and significant reduction in level of triglyceride [TG,(3.15±0.94)mmol/L vs.(1.18±0.64)mmol/L]in high dose group,P <0.01;ADRP histochemical staining [(0.43±0.05)vs.(0.35± 0.04),(0.38±0.15)]and ADRPmRNA expression [(2.47±0.94)vs.(1.30±0.49),(1.83±0.61)]significantly weakened in adipocytes of aortic tissue in low dose group and high dose group,P <0.01 all. Conclusion:Resveratrol can inhibit the overexpression of ADRP and its mRNA in adipocytes of aortic tissue in AS rabbits,reduce blood lipid levels,and help to delay the AS progression.