The deposition of amyloid β-protein (Aβ is the key pathological basis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current studies emphasis that the stability of internal environment between cells of the neurovascular unit is the key to maintain normal brain function. This article reviews the relationship between the Aβand the neurovascular unit injury, and we expect to provide some new ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of CAA and AD.

Objective To investigate the effect of quantifying health education on nurse teaching in cardiovascular department. Methods Totally 98 nursing college students practicing in cardio-vascular department were randomly divided into experimental group and control group . Method of quantifying health education was employed in experiment group while traditional education was used in control group;all patients were guided by health education. After the internship, two ques-tionnaires were used separately to evaluate the health education effects on nurse students and patients. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical processing. The measurement data were expressed as x±s; The mean between the groups was compared using t test; the enumeration data between the groups were com-pared using字2 test, the ranked data were compared using rank sum test. α=0.05 was taken as inspec-tion level. Results The health education cognitive scores were higher in experimental group than in control group (P<0.05). The health education ability scores, theoretic test scores, and operation test scores were higher in experimental group than in control group, with statistical differences (t=3.20, 2.10, 2.87; P=0.001, 0.032, 0.004). There were statistical differences in patients' cognition after receiving health education. (Z=13.435, 14.290, 12.901, 12.466, 12.168, 11.350; all P=0.000). Conclusions Quantification of health education can improve health education cognition and ability of nursing students in cardiovascular department, enhance the ef-fectiveness of clinical practice, and help patients master knowledge of health education.

BACKGROUND: It has been found that hypoxia inducible 1α (HIF1α) gene can improve the ability of tissues and cells to survive in the ischemic environment, which is of great significance in promoting blood vessel regeneration.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the recombinant adenovirus Ad-CMV-HIF1αmu-IRES-hrGFP-1 on the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.METHODS: Passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and transfected with Ad-CMV-HIF1αmu-IRES-hrGFP-1 virus (experimental group), with non-mutated gene Ad-CMV-HIF1α-IRES-hrGFP (positive control group), with Ad-CMV-IRES-hrGFP-1 empty virus (negative control group), or with no virus solution (blank control group). After transfection for 24 hours, the expression of HIF1α mRNA and protein was detected. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after transfection.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Except that the mRNA expression of HIF1α in the experimental group and the positive control group was significantly higher than that in the negative control group and the blank control group (P < 0.05), there was no significant difference between two groups. (2) The expression of HIF1α protein in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the positive control group, the negative control group and the blank control group (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the latter three groups. (3) Cell proliferation was faster in the experimental group than the positive control group and the blank control group (P < 0.05), and moreover, there was no significant difference between the latter two groups. Our experimental findings indicate that the recombinant adenovirus-mediated three-point mutant HIF1α combined with hrGFP gene transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could not only express the target protein, HIF1α, under normoxic conditions, but also promote the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Objective To make a survey of the binocular visual acuity, residual visual acuity and the pathogenic factors causing the deficient of the vision handicap student in Blindness-Deaf-Mute school in Guiyang to provide the data for low vision rehabilitation. Methods Through routine examination, we examined the 58 students with vision impairment and further advised them wear the optics visual aids. Results 6 cases of low vision, accounting for 10.3%; 52 cases of blindness, accounting for 89.7%. One case was rectified its visual acuity by means of subjective refraction and rectification of eyesight. Causes of the disease: 35 cases suffered from the deficient due to genetic factors, accounting for 60.3%; among them, the congenital glaucoma was the first (12/35). 23 cases suffered from the deficient due to acquired factors, accounting for 39.7%, among them, the keratomalacia was the first (19/23). Visual aids wearing :visual acuity≥0.3, 3 cases; visual acuity≥0.05, 6 cases. Conclusions Prevention can prevent the genesis of blindness. The students of residual visual acuity should wear visual aids.

In order to sum up the antineoplasmic active components of Holothuria, we studied the literatures in recent years. The results showed that Holothuria contained a variety of anti-tumor active ingredient, such as Holothurian Glycosaminoglycan and Holothurin. These anti-tumor active components played important roles in different stages of tumor developmment, progression and metastasis. The discovery of new anti-tumor active ingredients may be helpful for the application of Holothuria in clinical tumor treatment.

Objective Toobservetheclinicalsignificanceofcerebrovascularhemodynamicindex (CVHI)inthepatientswithsilentcerebralinfarction.Methods Atotalof180patientsperformed cerebrovascular hemodynamics with ultrasound and head MRI examinations were enrolled retrospectively. They were divided into three groups:60 patients with silent cerebral infraction (SCI)were used as a SCI group,60 age-,sex- and previous medical history-matched high risk patients with cerebrovascular disease were used as a cerebrovascular disease risk factor (CV-HRF)group,and 60 healthy subjects were used as a normal control group over the same period. Cerebrovascular function detector was used to collect CVHI at the bilateral carotid arteries. The CVHI features of the 3 groups were analyzed and compared. Results Comparedwiththecontrolgroup,thereweresignificantchangesinvariousindexesofcerebral vascular hemodynamics in the SCI group and the CV-HRF group. The indexes of reflecting the cerebral blood supply state included significantly decreased mean blood flow,mean flow velocity,maximum flow velocity,and minimum flow velocity (P<0. 05);the indexes reflecting vascular elastic properties and resistance status included the increased pulse wave velocity,characteristic impedance,peripheral resistance,and dynamic resistance (P<0. 05);the indexes reflecting cerebral microcirculation included significantly increased critical pressure and decreased differential pressure (P<0. 05);the total score of cerebrovascular function was also decreased significantly,they were 44 ± 9,51 ± 5,and 85 ± 7,respectively (P<0. 05);there were significance differences in the distribution of total score amongthe3groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Thehigh-riskpatientswithsilentcerebralinfarction and cerebrovascular disease have the CVHI changes. The total integrated value of cerebrovascular function declined,and the former is more obvious.

OBJECTIVE:To find out the main problems about quality supervision over Chinese herbal pieces and effective su-pervision strategies. MEDTHODS:First,static and dynamic models of the game between the enterprises engaged in the production and business of Chinese herbal pieces and local food and drug administration were respectively established,to which pure strategy Nash equilibrium analysis and mixed strategy Nash equilibrium analysis were made. Next,the model of the game between the supe-rior regulatory authorities and the basic-level regulatory authorities was established,to which mixed strategy analysis was made to find out the supervision factors relevant to the quality safety of Chinese herbal pieces. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Based on the current situation of quality supervision over Chinese herbal pieces and the analysis results of the game models,it is suggested that at present the Chinese herbal medicine regulatory authorities of China should work hard to promote the reform of the supervision system,reduce supervision cost(including the guidance of the large-scale and centralized production of Chinese medicinal materi-als and unified appliance of approval number to the administration of Chinese herbal pieces),establish a systematic and comprehen-sive system of rewards and punishments,create a professional supervisor staff(including the strengthening of basic-level supervisor staff creation and the improvement of personnel's quality,the standardization of the law enforcement of regulatory authorities and the combination of proper power delegation to lower levels and strict supervision),and balance the relationship between the govern-ment and the public in supervision to increase the public's awareness of responsibility.

BACKGROUND: The structural and functional changes in resistance arteriole of external diameter ＜300 μm is one of the pathological foundations for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, however there are few quantitative study on the arterioles of various external diameter at different brain area.OBJECTIVE: To probe the difference of arteriolar sclerosis of various external diameter at different brain area after cerebral infarction.DESIGN: Sample investigation.SETTING: Department of Nerve Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.SUBJECTS: Specimen was taken from donated autopsy case in General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from January 1980 to September 2000. According to the clinical manifestation, brain CT inspection and pathological diagnosis of autopsy, 38 cases were defined as arteriosclerosis cerebral infarction and taken as experimental group, other 15 cases with non-cardiac cerebrovascular disease were taken as controls.METHODS: specimen was obtained in 1-3 days after death from frontal and parietal cerebral cortex and basal gonglion white matters (3 pieces /case) and cut into slices. Five fields of vision were selected from each slice for microscopic observation. Arteriole was divided into ＜ 50 μm group,50-100 μm group and ＞100 μm group according to the arteriole external diameter. (External diameter- internal diameter)/internal diameter was used to assess vascular sclerosis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Difference of arteriole sclerosis between corresponding external diameter cerebral infarction group and control group. [2] Arteriole sclerosis in various brain region in cerebral infarction group.RESULTS: Totally 38 experimental cases died from arteriosclerosis cerebral infarction and 15 controls died from non-cardiac cerebrovascular disease were enrolled and all data was entered the result analysis. [1] The arteriolar sclerosis index was obviously higher in ＜ 50 μm external diameter cerebral infarction group than in 50-100 μm group and ＞100 μm group[(138.55±76.67)% vs (116.82±58.80)%, (78.07±32.06)%, P ＜ 0.01], while it was approximately the same in the 100 μm external diameter group and control group [(78.07±32.06)% vs (46.38±13.41)%, P=0.174 ]. [2] In ＜ 50 μm external diameter cerebral infarction group, the arteriolar sclerosis index in white matters was significantly higher than that in gray matter [(152.86±87.83)%,(127.97±64.76)%, P ＜ 0.05 ].CONCLUSION: Arteriolar sclerosis degree is correlated with its external diameter and position in patients with cerebral infarction after arteriosclerosis, arteriole of small external diameter or in the white matter has higher arteriolesclerosis liability.

BACKGROUND:Several studies have shown that Hero642 is a rotary nickel-titanium file with high safe performance, and its ability of root canal shaping is good.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical effect of single-visit root canal treatment using Hero642 nickel-titanium rotary instrument on teeth with chronic pulpitis and apical periodontitis.
METHODS:Total y 400 teeth with chronic pulpitis and apical periodontitis were operated by Hero642 nickel-titanium rotary instrument and nickel-titanium hand file, respectively. The efficiency of root canal preparation was taken. Pain reactions were recorded 1 week after operation and curative effects were evaluated 2 years after root canal treatment. Rates of pain and success were calculated at 1 week and 2 years after treatment, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The average time for root canal preparation was (3.57±0.76) minutes in the Hero642 group and (7.62±0.25) minutes in the hand file group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). After 1 week of treatment, the pain rates were 3.5%and 22.8%in the two groups, respectively, showing a significant difference (P<0.01). Two-year fol ow-up was performed, and ratios of success were 94.4%in the Hero642 group and 92.4%in the hand file group, but there was no difference between the two groups. Hero642 nickel-titanium rotary instrument for single-visit root canal treatment showed excellent efficiency on clinical treatment, reduced treatment period and had less postoperative reactions.

The Notch pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signal transduction pathway. It consists of a complex system of interaction. Its function is associated with the embryonic development and cell differentiation regulation. Studies in recent years have demonstrated that Notch pathway is associated with specific human diseases, in which Notch3 signaling pathway is closely associated with the nervous system development and the structural integrity of blood vessels. Notch3 mutation may cause cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy.