The ischemia-modified albumin(IMA) forms after the human serum albumin experiences ischmia/reperfusion,which is a novel marker for myocardial ischemia.IMA exhibits a reduced capacity to bind to certain transition metals,such as cobalt.It can be measured by the Albumin Cobalt Binding test in serum.Several clinical researches suggested that IMA is an ideal biomarker for myocardial ischemia and an important assay for diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic values of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and computed tomographic virtual endoscopy( CTVE) in protuberant lesions of upper gastrointestinal tract. Methods EUS and CTVE were used to diagnosis the 48 patients with protuberant lesions of upper gastrointestinal tract which were diagnosised by gastroscopy. All of the results except 11 cases were compared with pathological diagnosis. Results The accuracy of electronic gastroscopy, EUS and CTVE on the diagnosis of the protuberant lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract were 16.7% ,89. 6% ,66. 7% , respectively . There was a significantly difference among them (P

Objective To explore the relationship of glucagon in many phases with insulin and blood glucose in patients with insulin resistance syndrome,and to provide theory and practice support for the treatment of insulin resistance syndrome.Methods Totally 93 patients with insulin resistance syndrome (observation group),107 patients with type 2 diabetes (diabetes group) and 80 patients without diabetes (non-diabetes group) in our hospital from July 2008 to October 2011 were selected.The general information were collected.Patients with stable blood glucose stopped taking anti-diabetic drug for 10 hours.The fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,and fasting glucagon were tested.Then patients took 75 g glucose,blood glucose,insulin and glucagon were respectively tested after 30 and 120 minutes.Data were processed by SPSS 17.0 software,and P＜0.05 was considered as being statistically significant.Results The levels of fasting glucose,early phase glucose and late phase glucose were lower in observation group than in diabetes group,but higher than in non-diabetic group,and the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The levels of fasting insulin,the early phase insulin,and late phase insulin were higher in observation group than in diabetes group and non-diabetic group,and the differences were statistically significant (both P＜0.05).The insulin levels in observation group and diabetes group were lowest after fasting and were highest at 120 minutes after the oral glucose load,but the insulin levels were highest at 30 minutes and decreased at 120 minutes after the oral glucose load in non diabetic group.The differences in fasting glucagon,early phase glucagon and late phase glucagon among three groups were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The glucagon levels in observation group and diabetes group were lowest after fasting and highest at 120 minutes after the oral glucose load,but the glucagon levels in non-diabetic group were highest after fasting and were lowest at 120 minutes after the oral glucose load.There were positive correlations between glucagon and glucose in 3 phases in observation group (r=0.65,0.63,0.67,respectively,all P＜0.05).Conclusions Glucagon and glucose in different phases are positively correlated in patients with insulin resistance syndrome,and blood glucose can be controlled by improving glucagon secretion.

Objective To study the demographics and background of attempted suicide individuals,such as age,gender,mode of suicide,seasonality,etc.so as to improve prevention strategy.Methods By sequential sampling analysis,there were data of 895 survivors from committed suicide taken from 907 attempted suicide individuals recorded in an emergency room of a local hospital between 2002 and 2008 for retrospectively study.Results The sample was composed of 191 males and 704 females with a male to female ratio of 1∶3.69.The adolescents and young adults aged 15-34 years accounted for the vast majority of attempted suicide individuals with the peak at the age of 24 years.The number of committed suicide remarkably reduced after the age of 47 years.The major mode of committed suicide was ingestion of poisons.The incidence of committed suicide declined significantly from 2002 to 2005,and then increased between 2005 and 2008.It was more often occurred in the seasons of Spring and Summer. Conclusions Age,gender,and seasonality are associated with attempted suicide in china,and these risk faetors should be the focuses of suicide prevention in China.Additionally,control of pesticides and psychological intervention should be the parts of the work to prevent suicide in the this cohort of special individuals with propensity of committed suicide.

AIM: To study rhIL-1? effects on fetal islet function and IL-6 production in vitro METHODS: Islets from fetal pancreas was separated by collagenase type V (0 5 mg/mL) and cultured in vitro The islets were exposed to culture medium alone for 48 h or with different concentration of rhIL-1? The supernatants of culture of human fetal islets were assayed for IL-6, insulin and glucagon RESULTS:(1) IL-6 activity was increased 4 0 folds (74-294 mU/islet) when islets were exposed to rhIL-1?(20U/mL); (2) IL-6 McAb significantly reduced IL-6 activity in islet supernatants from control group or islet exposed to rhIL-1? treated group; (3)IL-6 mRNA in human fetal islet exposed to rhIL-1? is higher than control in dot hybridization; (4) Soluble insulin and cellular insulin within islet released to supernatants was slightly decreased (0 48～0 78 IU/islet and 0 65～0 79 IU/islet); (5) Glucagon secretion was significantly increased 3 2 folds (1 0～3 2 pg/islet) CONCLUSION: Pancreatic islets produce IL-6 is up-regulated by rhIL-1? On the other hand, Il-6 produced by the islet may act as a costimulator for autoreactive B and T lymphocytes in autoimmune diabetes

Objective To investigate the changes of Claudin-3 and Claudin-11,two key components of blood-testis barrier (BTB) on male infertility induced by γ-ray irradiation.Methods Fortytwo KunMing male mice (20-25 g) were divided into one control group,three γ-ray irradiation groups and three estrodiol (E2) intervention groups randomly:Group A,sham controlled; the lower abnominal and scrotal area of the mice in Group B,C,D were irradiated with single dose of 2,6 or 10 Gy 60Co γ-ray after anaesthetizd; 17β-estradiol intervention were initiated in Group E,F,G after 6 Gy γ-ray irradiation via hypodermic injection for 4w at the dose of 1,2,4 μg/d,respectively.Mice were sacrificed 2 w after the last E2 administration.The tubule differentiation index (TDI) was counted in testis sections.InhibinβB,Claudin-3 and Claudin-11 transcription levels were assayed with semiquantitative real time PCR.Claudin-11 protein levels in testis were generated by western blot.Results Compared with sham control group,TDI in three γ-ray irradiation groups were markedly reduced (68.5 ± 6.4,35.0± 6.1,16.3 ± 5.7 vs 100.0,all P＜0.05).InhibinββB mRNA expression level in testis of gourp D was markedly decreased (0.5±0.2 vs 1.0±0.1,P＜0.05).Claudin-3 mRNA levels of group C and D were up-regulated to 2.17 and 3.49 times,respectively.Claudin-11 protein levels were significantly increased to 2.18 and 2.23 times.Compared with group C,TDI in three E2 intervention groups were improved,which were obvious in group F and G (61.7±7.2,55.8±11.9 vs 35.0±6.1,P＜0.05).The InhibinβB mRNA levels were increased,though there were no significant differences (all P ＞0.05).Claudin-3 mRNA levels in group F and G were down-regulated (1.3± 0.2,1.6±0.3 vs.2.2 ± 0.2,all P＜0.05).In group F significantly reduced mRNA level and protein level of Claudin-11 were observed (mRNA:1.2±0.2 vs.1.8±0.2,P＜0.05; Protein:1.5±0.5 vs.2.2±0.3,P＜0.05).It was negatively correlated TDI with mRNA expression levels of Claudin-3 and Claudin-11 in the irradiated testis (rs =-0.884,P＜0.05; rs=-0.758,P ＜0.05,respectively).Conelusions Irradiation could elevated the expression of claudin-3 and claudin-11.

To provide theoretical and practical basis for the successful formulation design of physically-mixed inhalation dry powder of proteins and peptides, related references were collected, analyzed and summarized. In this review drug micronization technology and commonly used carriers for inhalation dry powder preparation were introduced. For proteins and peptides, supercritical fluid technology and spray-drying are more suitable because of their capabilities of keeping drug activity. Being approved by U. S. Food and Drug Administration, lactose has been extensively used as carriers in many inhalation products. Formulation and process factors influencing drug deposition in the lung, including carrier properties, drug-carrier ratio, blending order, mixing methods, mixing time and the interaction between drug and carrier, were elucidated. The size, shape and surface properties of carries all influence the interaction between drug and carrier. Besides, influence of micromeritic properties of the dry powder, such as particle size, shape, density, flowability, charge, dispersibility and hygroscopicity, on drug deposition in the lung was elaborated. Among these particle size plays the most crucial role in particle deposition in the lung. Moreover, based on the mechanisms of powder dispersity, some strategies to improve drug lung deposition were put forward, such as adding carrier fines, adding adhesive-controlling materials and reprocessing micronized drug. In order to design physically-mixed inhalation dry powder for proteins and peptides with high lung deposition, it is essential to study drug-carriers interactions systematically and illustrate the potential influence of formulation, process parameters and micromeritic properties of the powder.
Administration, Inhalation ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Dry Powder Inhalers ; Lactose ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Peptides ; administration & dosage ; Powders ; administration & dosage ; Surface Properties ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

Cardiomyopathies ; congenital ; Heart Ventricles ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Myocardium ; pathology

Objective To analyze clinical pathologic characteristics of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome (PBC AIH OS),the incidence of extrahepatic autoimmune disease,malignant tumor and the abdominal lymph node enlargement.Methods From January 2000 to January 2012,the clinical data of 49 patients with PBC AIH OS were retrospectively analyzed,which included general information,clinical manifestations,biochemical parameters,immunological parameters,liver histopathological features,the incidence of extrahepatic autoimmune disease and malignant tumor,imaging findings and the efficacy.Results Among 49 PBC-AIH OS patients,the percentage of patients between 51 and 60 years old was 59.2％ (29/49),and the mean age of onset was (57.2±8.9) years old.Female was 83.7％ (41/49).The percentage of jaundice and pruritus in the main symptoms of initial visit was 42.9％ (21/49).The serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),γ-glutamyl transpeptadase (GGT) and total bilirubin (TBil) of 49 patients all increased.Among 31 patients who accepted IgA,IgG and IgM level test,the level of IgM increased in 58.1％ (18/31) of patients,and the level of IgG increased in 61.3％ (19/31) of patients.Ninety-eight percent of patients were antinuclear antibody (ANA) positive,6.1 ％ (3/49) were anti-smooth muscle antibody (SMA) positive,89.8％ (44/49) of patients were anti mitochondrial antibody (AMA) and or AMA-M2 positive.All patients had interface hepatitis.Forty-nine percent (24/49) of patients had both histological features of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliray cirrhosis (PBC).After being treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and immunosuppressant,the percentage of remission,incomplete response and failure was 65.3％ (32/49),26.5％ (13/49) and 8.2％ (4/49),respectively.After remission,five of six patients with medicine withdrawal relapsed.Among 49 patients,40.8％ (20/49) with extrahepatic autoimmune disease and the percentage of Sjogren's syndrome,autoimmune thyroid disease,interstitial pneumonia,systemic lupus erythematosus,psoriasis,sarcoidosis and membranous nephropathy was 16.3％ (8/49),12.2％ (6/49),4.1％ (2/49),2.0％ (1/49),2.0％ (1/49),2.0％ (1/49) and 2.0％ (1/49),respectively.Among 49 patients,14.3％ (7/49) with malignant tumor and the percentage of endometrial cancer,breast cancer,thyroid cancer and lymphoma was 4.1％ (2/49),4.1％ (2/49),4.1％ (2/49) and 2.0％ (1/ 49).Among 49 patients,abdominal ultrasound showed abnormality in 93.9％ (46/49) of patients.Abdominal lymph nodes enlargement was found in 91.8％ (45/49) of patients.Conclusions Autoimmune disease and malignant tumor should be screened when patients with PBC-AIH OS were assessed.Abdominal lymph nodes enlargement found by imaging examination may have guiding significance to the diagnosis.

Objective:To analyze the incidence trend, current status and survival period of young patients with lung cancer aged from 15 to 44 years in Shanghai between 2002 to 2005. Methods:All the data were collected from the database of registration and ma-nagement system of diagnosed cancer cases in Shanghai city organized by Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention. The incidence trend was analyzed by using APC(annual percent change)model. The survival period and median survival time were calculated by using SPSS 12.0 software and life table method. The univariate and multivariate analyses were analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier and COX regression model, respectively.Results:A total of 972 young patients with lung cancer who aged from 15 to 44 years were diagnosed in Shanghai between 2002 and 2005, accounting for 3.09% of the whole percentage of adenocarcinoma in young patients was higher than that in whole lung cancer population at the same period, while the TNM stage was not significantly different between male and female young patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that gender, pathological classification and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors for young patients with lung cancer. Conclusion:The lung cancer had different characteristics in young patients compared with that in whole lung cancer population in Shanghai city. It was necessary to further investigate the biologic behavior of lung cancer in young patients.