Objective To study the relationship between the constant work rate exercises and dynamic hyperinflation in patients with stable COPD. Methods Routine lung ventilation function and 80%Wmax constant power bicycle ergometer exercises were tested in 30 stable COPD patients. We analyzed the correlation coefficient of Time of tolerant exercise , degree of dyspnea , VO2 max%, VO2 @kgmax% and IC%. Results All COPD patients existed varying degrees of exercise capacity accompaning with dynamic hyperinflation in the bicycle ergometer exercises. By Spearman correlation analysis , the VO2 @kg% of constant power exercises in patients with COPD is correlated with the DH% (r = -0.480, P = 0.007) and ICq% (r = 0.667, P = 0.01). Conclusion Dynamic hyperinflation is probably the prominent factors for the capability of constant work rate exercises in patients with stable COPD. Inhibition of dynamic hyperinflation may help improve exercise capability in patients with constant power exercise.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of hidden horizontal tears of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus and clinical efficacy of arthroscopic partical meniscectomy. Methods A total of 14 cases of hidden horizontal tears of posterior horn of the medial meniscus from May 2011 to May 2013 were enrolled.The knee arthroscopy was carried out through anteromedial and anterolateral approaches.The lesion of tears was exposed after the inner edge of posterior horn of the meniscus was bitten away.The bottom of the posterior horn of meniscus was found instable during the operation, which was then removed to conduct a partial meniscectomy.Afterwards the arthroscopic meniscus plasty of the posterior horn was performed. Results Arthroscopic photographs showed normal appearance in 6 cases and tears underside meniscus in 8 cases, all of which were confirmed to be horizontal medial meniscus posterior horn tear during operation.The mean time of operation was 32 min (range, 26-40 min), and the mean hospitalization time was 6 days ( range, 3-8 d) .There was no complications, such as infections or stiffnesses.All the patients were followed up for 2 -3 years.Subjective symptoms improved significantly after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy.According to the Lysholm knee scoring scale, the scores were (71.1 ±6.6) points preoperatively and (92.0 ±3.4) points postoperatively, with significant difference (t=10.530, P=0.000). Conclusion Diagnosis of hidden horizontal tears of the medial meniscus posterior horn is often difficult, because most patients have osteoarthritic knees.Careful physical examination and MRI are critical for making a correct diagnosis.Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy can help patients obtain better results.

Objective To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL). Method The clinical data of one child with CGL caused by BSCL2 gene mutation were analyzed retrospectively and relative literature were reviewed. Results A 2-year-9-month old girl had clinical manifestations of a lack of subcutaneous fat, acanthosis nigricans, hepatolienomegaly and mild hypophrenia. Laboratory examinations showed hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia and cardiomyopathy. The peripheral blood from the child and her parents were collected and 4 genes, AGPAT2, BSCL2, CAV1 and PTRF, were sequenced by Sanger. The results showed a heterozygous mutation of BSCL2 gene from maternal frameshift (c.567-568delGA, p.E189EfsX12) and paternal nonsense mutation (c.565G>T,p.E189X) respectively in the child, and both mutations were pathogenic ones. By a literature review, it is known that BSCL2 gene mutation is the most common cause of in Asian. In CGL with BSCL2 gene mutation, the commom clinical manifestations include disappearance of systemic adipose tissue, acathosis nigricans and hepatomegaly, and the incidence of myocardial infarction and mental retardation were 40% and 30% respectively. Conclusion The main clinical manifestations of CGL caused by BSCL2 gene mutation were loss of systemic adipose tissue and metabolic disorder at an early age. It was often accompanied by myocardial lesions and mental retardation. Gene diagnosis analysis should be made as earliest possible time for the children suspected of this disease.

Objective To investigate the relationship among IGF-II expression and cell proliferation and apoptosis in human colorectal adenocarcinoma. Methods 60 paraffin embedded samples of human colorectal adenocarcinomas were used in this study. IGF-ⅡmRNA expression was detected by in situ hybridization, proliferation cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) protein was measured by immunohistochemical staining and apoptosis was determined by TUNEL technology. Fifteen normal colorectal tissues were used as controls. Computerized image analysis system qualitatively analyzed the positive ratio of above three indices in the cancer and normal tissues. Results The percentage of IGF-ⅡmRNA expression was significantly higher in colorectal adenocarcinoma (39.64%?7.32%) than that in normal colorectal tissues (23.21%?4.10%) (P

0.05). It was a non-specific reaction to the rivanol. Conclutions The results indicate that cordocentesis is saft and reliable in clinical practice.

Objective To study the effects of standardized-lifestyle intervention on the type 2 diabetic elder patients.Methods The study group enrolled 270 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus randomly by using the model of “Zhiji Health Care” and the software of the lifestyle and disease prevention system.Parameters were collected during a six month period for the evaluation,such as fasting plasma glucose(FPG),postprandial glucose(PPG),cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),body mass(BMI),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc),blood pressure,daily intake,total physical activity and effective physical activity and other indicators.Results After six months' standardized lifestyle intervention:(1)in the type 2 diabetic patients,the parameters of weight,BMI,waist circumference,systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly decreased(t values were:23.82,25.91,19.56,23.37 and 19.53,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01); FPG,PPG,HbA1c,TC,TG and LDL-C were significant decreased compared with that before intervention(t values were: 12.06,11.82,9.74,6.98,5.79 and 6.10,respectively,all P ＜ 0.0l).Meanwhile,HDL-C was significantly increased(t =2.51,P ＜ 0.05).(2)the total daily intake was significantly reduced compared with that before intervention.The effective exercise burden was significantly increased,compared with that before intervention(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Standard lifestyle management helps to control the blood glucose,blood pressurem,body weight and other risk factors,with reduction of complications and medical costs.

AIM To investigate the effects of taurine(TAU) and propafenone(PRO) combination on experimental arrhythmias and its influence on haemodynamics of anesthesized rats' heart. METHODS Rats were pretreated respectively with intravenous administration of saline, TAU, PRO, or TAU and PRO combination. Afterwards, the rats were intravenously administrated with BaCl 2 or aconitine to induce arrhythmia. The arrhythmia lasting time and incidence were observed and recorded on the lead Ⅱ ECG. The cumulative aconitine dosage to induce premature ventricular contraction(PVC), ventricular tachycardia(VT) and ventricular fibrillation(VF) were calculated respectively. The haemodynamic parameters such as LVSP, HR, +d p /d t max were recorded continuously in anesthetized rats pretreated with iv TAU, PRO or TAU and PRO combination. RESULT In BaCl 2 arrhythmia, the arrhythmia duration was shortened significantly; and the arrhythmia incidence was decreased in the combination group, as compared with the single same dosage drug groups. In aconitine arrhythmia, the cumulative aconitine dosages to induce PVC, VT and VF were increased significantly in the combination group. Haemodynamics parameters showed that PRO(2mg?kg -1 iv) significantly decreased LVSP and +LVd p /d t max , while these parameters were not significantly changed in the combination group with same dose of PRO. CONCLUSION TAU and PRO have synergism in antiarrhythmia in both BaCl 2 and aconitine induced arrhythmia; TAU may alleviate cardiac depression exerted by PRO.

Objective To observe the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area varying with time after heat stroke in rats. Meth-ods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham group (n=5) and heat stroke group (n=14), and the heat stroke group was divided into 7-day subgroup and 21-day subgroup (n=7 at each group) after heat stroke. Heat stroke group was established model of heat stroke. The brain tissues of rats were observed with Nissl staining to count the living pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 area. Results The number of living pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 area decreased in the heat stroke group (F=11.80, P<0.01), and decreased more in the 21-day subgroup than in the 7-day subgroup (P<0.05). Conclusion Pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 area decrease with time after heat stroke, which may be associated with the learning and memory impairment.

Objective To investigate the effects of different fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components (water-soluble, organic, water-soluble+organic) in vivo on the NOS/NO system in the endothelial cells from rat thoracic aortas. Methods Three PM2.5 components were used to inject by vein in rat tail. ELISA and immunohistochemical technique were used to examine the change of NOS/NO system in the blood-serum and the endothelial cells from rat thoracic aorta. Results Compared with control group, three PM2.5 components increased NO level of rat blood-serum [control, (38.00±5.40) μmol/L; water-soluble group, (44.66±16.59) μmol/L, t =3.58, P< 0.05; organic groups, (58.28±12.30) μmol/L, t =12.85, P <0.01; mixtural component group, (84.02+19.24) μmol/L, t =31.39, P<0.01]; increased iNOS level of rat blood-serum [control, (17.47±5.33) U/ml; water-soluble group, (21.87±4.63) U/ml, t =4.92, P <0.05; organic groups, (25.27±6.58) U/ml, t = 6.22, P<0.05; Mixtural component group, (32.79±5.86) U/ml, t =32.84, P <0.01]. Mixtural component decreased eNOS level of rat blood-serum [(12.58±4.59) pg/ml vs (17.47±2.97) pg/ml, t =5.91, P <0.05], no significant difference on eNOS level of blood-serum among other component groups (P >0.05). Three components decreased the expression of eNOS protein in the endothelial cells from rat thoracic aorta(control, 164.68±4.80; water-soluble group, 185.43±5.63, t =4.26, P <0.05; organic groups, 194.07±9.77, t =5.26, P <0.05; Mixtural component group, 209.24±15.43, t =43.19, P <0.01), increased the expression of iNOS protein (control, 160.17±5.79; water-soluble group, 134.78±8.22, t =5.21, P <0.05; organic groups, 134.78±8.22, t =5.98, P <0.05; Mixtural component group, 81.62 ±10.59, t =34.98, P <0.01) in the endothelial cells from rat thoracic aortas.Conclusion Three components of PM2.5 induced the dysfunction of endothelial cells and disorder of NOS/NO system in the endothelial cells.

AIM: To investigate the effects of the sera from the rats after limb ischemic preconditioning (LIPC) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injured by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).METHODS:The HUVECs were divided into 5 groups:the cells in control group were cultured without any intervention;the cells in model group (M) were damaged by 1 mmol/L H2O2 for 2 h;the cells in early preconditioning serum (EPS) group, delayed pre-conditioning serum (DPS) group or sham limb ischemic preconditioning serum (SPS) group were treated with the corre-sponding serum at 5%for 12 h, respectively , and then treaed with H 2 O2 for 2 h.The viability of the HUVECs was ana-lyzed by flow cytometry .The lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) in the culture media was detected .The cell adhesion molecules in the HUVECs were detected by real-time PCR.The mRNA and protein expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was also determined .RESULTS:The viability of HUVECs incubated with 1 mmol/L H2 O2 for 2 h significantly decreased compared with the control cells , which was accompanied with the augmentations of LDH in the medium and the cell adhesion mole -cules in cells , such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( VCAM-1 ) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1 ) . Preincubation with EPS and DPS derived from the rats subjected LIPC attenuated these injuries .Furthermore, pretreatment with EPS and DPS increased the expression of HO-1 at mRNA and protein levels .CONCLUSION:LIPC protects the HU-VECs from H2O2-induced injury.