Objective To observe the effects of aerosol imiquimod on the level of Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and serum immunoglobulin E(IgE) level in mouse asthma models.Methods Thirty BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups, control group, asthma group and imiquimod group, ten in each group.The asthma group and imiquimod group were established by sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin (OVA) ,imiquimod group was interfered with aerosol imiquimod 30 min before challenge.Serum in each group was collected by excising eyeball 24 h after the last challenge.The level of IgE in serum was measured by ELISA.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was performed, and total cell counts,cell differential were examined.The level of IL-12 and IL-13 in BALF was measured by ELISA and total cell counts, cell differential were examined in BALF.The inflammation changes of lung was observed by HE staining.Results (1) By hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, the result of asthma mice were small airway wall thickening ,secretion increased, epithelial cells fall off, arranging disorderly, and submucosal had plenty of inflammatory cells infiltration, mainly with lymphocytes.But imquimod group attenuated the airway inflammation of asthmatic mice.(2) Total cell counts and all kinds of inflammatory cells of asthma group were increased greatly compared with normal group;Eosinophil and lymphocyte cells were much lower in imquimod group than those in asthma group (P ＜0.05).(3) The level of IL-13 in BALF and the level of IgE in serum in imiquimod group was obviously higher than that in control group,IL-13 level were positively correlated with IgE level(r =0.774 ,P ＜ 0.05), but imiquimod group was greatly decreased compared with control group and increased in comparison with that in group A;The level of IL-12 in asthma group was reduced and the level of IgE was increased compared with normal group.IL-12 level in imiquimod group was evidently higher and IgE level was lower than that in asthma group.IL-12 level negatively correlated with IgE level(r =-0.802, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Imiquimod aerosol inhalation may up-regulate the level of Th1 chemokine IL-12,down-regulates the level of Th2 chemokine IL-13 and decrease the level of IgE in serum so that it may suppress antigen-induced airway inflammation.

Caveolin,a membrane protein of 21-24 k,is the main structural component of caveolae,it plays quite a diverse functional role in maintaining vital activities of cells like endocytosis,cholesterol transport,cell membrane composition,and transduction of transmembrane signal to some virus involved in the processes of virus infection.Caveolin-1 also is a key regulator of multiple steps of oncogenesis and tumor development.Caveolin-1 can also serve as a negative regulator in proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and metastasis in varieties of cancer cells.There are some conflicting roles in different tumors,this review summarized the recent advances in the function of caveolin in cancers.

HOX gene belongs to a highly conserved subgroup of the homeobox superfamily .The HOX genes constitute a family of transcription factors that play key roles in embryonic development , regulating numerous processes , such us cellular growth, differentiation, apoptosis, motility and angiogenesis.The present review shows that there is a close relationship between aberrant expression of HOX genes and malignancy .This article summarizes briofly the advances in the research on HOX genes and their roles in tumor genesis .

Objective:To analyze the status quo and problems of the health human resources of township health center.Methods:296 township health centers in 18 counties of 6 provinces were selected with typical sampling and workers in the centers as target population.Relative administrative officials and directors of township health centers were interviewed.Descriptive analysis and thematic analysis were conducted with quantitative data and qualitative da-ta.Results:The volume and distribution of human resources in township health centers are not balanced and the allo-cation standard of the middle area is low.The null establishment and the employees out of establishment coexist.The allocation of health human resources inside township health centers is not reasonable and the ratio of health profes-sionals is lower than national standard.The rate of senior professionals is low.That health workers are out of stock is a potential problem in some counties.Medical education is not matched with the demand of township health centers.The recruitment policy is inappropriate and the remuneration of health professionals is low.It is difficult for the worker in township health centers to get professional promotion.Recommendations:The structure of workers in township health centers and the recruitment policy should be adjusted.The path of professional promotion should be clear in order to ex-pand the space of career development of workers in township health centers.Improving the remuneration of workers in township health centers should be considered to increase the attractiveness of the post in township health centers.

Objective:To Compare the operational status of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme( NCMS) in 14 Counties of 6 provinces. Methods:Two provinces were selected from eastern, central and western areas respec-tively and then two counties were chosen randomly from each province, but each of Jiangsu and Guangxi Provinces pro-vided 3 to reach the sample number of 14 counties. Excel 2007 was used for descriptive and comparative analysis of fund and in-patient service for NCMS. Results:The average funding standard was about 300 and 350 Yuan for 2012 and 2013. Hospitals outside county were frequently used and the ratio was over 40% in county I. Except Jiangsu and An-hui, the rate of enrollees who get compensation for inpatient service was over 10% and the actual compensation rate more than 50%, Fujian being an exception. Average hospitalization costs per time were different among counties and significantly rose in 2013. The ratio of out of pocket inpatient service expenses to the net rural household income was diverse among counties and it declines in some of them in 2013. The rate of fund for hospitals outside county was high and that of G counties was more than50%. The fund surplus rate was negative in that same year and was accumulatively ranging between 1 and 2%. Conclusions:The NCMS financing level was low and the personal financing responsibility was lighter;the enrollees didn’t contribute enough. In-patient service utilization structure was not rational in different level hospitals. The actual compensation rate for inpatient service didn’t increase a lot and the medical expenses burden didn’t alleviate apparently. The funds supervision was weak and it probably leaded to a high risk fund deficit.

Objective To study the correlation of artery stiffness with left ventricular remodeling and cardiac function in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients .Methods Four hundred and eighty patients were divided into CHD group (n=373) and non-CHD group(n=107)according to their coronary angiography .Patients in CHD group were further divided into normal left ventricular re-modeling group (n=139) and abnormal left ventricular remodeling group (n=243) .Their brachi-al-ankle pulse wave velocity (BaPWV ) was measured .The patients underwent echocardiography and 42 patients in CHD group received Doppler tissue imaging .Results The BaPWV was signifi-cantly higher in CHD group than in non-CHD group (P<0 .01) and in abnormal left ventricular remodeling group than in normal left ventricular remodeling group (1689 ± 305 cm/s vs 1508 ± 280 cm/s ,P< 0 .05) .The BaPWV was positively related with the IVST ,PWT ,RWT ,LVMI ,E/Ea and negatively related with the LVEF ,Ea ,Ea/Aa in CHD group (P<0 .05 ,P<0 .01) .Partial cor-relation analysis showed that the BaPWV was significantly related with the IVST ,PWT ,RWT , LVMI ,LVEF ,Ea ,Ea/Aa and E/Ea when the effect of hypertension ,etc ,was excluded (P<0.01) .Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the BaPWV was an independent factor for LVMI and LVEF .Conclusion BaPWV is an independent factor for left ventricular remodeling and cardiac function in CHD patients .

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effects of Distal-Jet appliance on the distalization of maxillary molar.Methods:12 Class Ⅱ malocclusion patients(at the average age of 12.3 years) with mesially moved maxillary molar were treated by Distal-Jet appliance. Cephalometic radiographs and dental models were taken and analyzed before and after molar distalization.Results:The treatment time was (4.3?2.8) months. After treatment following effects were achieved:①The maxillary molar was distalized by (3.6?0.75) mm per side with crown tilting distally by ( 3.5 ?3)?. ②The first premolar was moved mesially by (2.1?1.7) mm (tilting movement). Anterior overjet was increased by (1.47?1.76) mm. ③In the vertical dimension,the maxillary molar was extruded slightly by (0.39? 0.46 ) mm, the first premolar was extruded by (0.43?0.61) mm. ④The width between the central point of first maxillary molar was increased by ( 2.8 ?1.1) mm.Conclusions:The Distal-Jet appliance can distalize maxillary molars effectively. However,it may result in distaly tilting of molars and mesial movement of premolars.

Objective To study the rule of distribution and evol vement of TCM syn dromes in HIV/AIDS patients. Methods Totally 177 HIV/AI DS patients were investigated with questionnaire in the epide miological study to collect the data of diagnosis, and the rou tine test of CD4+T lymphocyte count was carried out. Results The young and mid dle-aged females were the most involved group with an increasing incidence in G u angdong Province and with a strong relation of sex and infection route. The main symptoms of the 177 HIV/AIDS patients were fatigue, cough and loss of appetite, the secondary ones were night sweating, skin itching, headache, and hair loss, and the most common sign was skin rash. The leading TCM syndromes were qi and yi n deficiency and lung and kidney deficiency. The distribution of symptoms and si gns, syndromes and various indices was significantly different in gender, age an d infection route (P

Objective: To analyze the current status of village health worker practice and their remuneration in six provinces. Methods: After 18 counties (cities/districts) from 6 provinces are selected based on their levels of economic and social development, this paper uses self-designed questionnaires to survey all village clinics under the jurisdiction of these 18 counties. Results: The average numbers of village health workers range from 6. 79 to 19. 05 per 10,000 rural populations and 1. 36 to 3. 24 per village. In some provinces, more than 20% of the village health workers are 60 years old, and the educational level of more than 50% is technical secondary school and they have village health worker prac-ticing certificates only. The coverage ratio of medical malpractice liability insurance among village health workers in two western provinces is less than 11%. Except Jiangsu province, village health workers in the other five provinces have mainly joined the New Rural Pension Scheme ( NRPS) . Jiangsu province ranks the highest in subsidies for the services of public health and essential medicines per village health workers, and Fujian province ranked the lowest. Village health workers who are included in the administrative staffing management of township health centers account for less than 20%. Except Jiangsu province, more than 70% village health workers provide 24-hour service. The number of the outflow personnel is higher than the number of the inflow. Conclusions and Suggestions:The problem of village health worker aging is getting worse. Their education level, practicing quality and remuneration are low. This paper suggests the government not only improve the practicing quality and define the legal status of village health workers, but also in-crease the remuneration, incentives and job satisfaction of village health workers Further studies should be conducted in order to put forward a more practical advice about how to attract more health workers in rural areas.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for perioperative rational prophylactic application of antibacterials in type Ⅰ in-cision operation. METHODS:4 201 patients underwent type Ⅰ incision operation were collected from a class A grade three hospi-tal during Mar. 2013-Feb. 2015. The perioperative prophylactic application of antibacterials in type Ⅰ incision operation were ana-lyzed statistically. RESULTS:Of 4 201 patients underwent type Ⅰ incision operation,there were 2 399 cases of prophylactic appli-cation of antibiotics(accounting for 57.10%). Cephalosporins andβ-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor were the main classes of antibacte-rials for preventive use,accounting for 45.60%and 19.76%,respectively. The frequency of using cefazolin,ceftriaxone and amoxi-cillin-clavulanic acid ranked the top 3 places, among which there was 823 cases of unsuitable prophylactic medication time (34.31%),and 855 cases of prophylactic medication time >48 h(accounting for 35.64%). CONCLUSIONS:There still is unrea-sonable perioperative prophylactic application of antibacterials in type Ⅰ incision operation in this hospital. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of antibacterials and conduct regular rational antibacterials use seminars in order to promote rational use of antibacterials.