Objective:To investigate in vitro metabolism method and HPLC method for the dextromethorphan.Methods:Total protein of normal liver specimens metabolismed dextromethorphan in vitro.An HPLC method with fluorescence was developed to study the contents of dextromethorphan and metabolites by joining an internal standard(Adriamycin).Methanol-10mmol/l,sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution(50:50,contain 0.01% sodium heptanesulfonate,5% triethylamine,pH 3.5)was used to the mobile phase.Results:Total protein of normal liver specimens metabolismed dextromethorphan in vitro efficiently with coenzyme,Mg~(2+), suitable temperature and pH value.Dextromethorphan and metabolites were analyed by HPLC method with fluorescence.The metabolic rate of dextromethorphan was 16.09%.Conclusion:It is suggested that the metabolism method of dextromethorphan in vitro is simple,convenient and accurate.It can be used for the determination of metabolism dextromethorphan in vitro.

Objectives:To investigate the effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and somatostatin in the treatment of acute pancreatits. Methods: Patients were divided into two groups. Group A was patients treated from 1990 to 1994 with traditional non operative methods. Group B was patients treated from 1995 to 2000 with traditional methods plus both TPN and somatostatin. Results: In group B, morbidity, mortality and hospital stay were improved when compared with group A. The serum albumin concentration was below the normal at the beginning and was not different between the two groups. After the treatment of 15 days,the serum albumin concentration of group B was increased significantly and it remained almost the same in group A. Conclusions: Somatostatin and TPN can significantly improve the treatment effects of acute pancreatitis.

Objective To study the correlation between economic status and quality of life among patients with chronic ob -structive pulmonary diseases ( COPD) in Xinzhou region of Shanxi province .Methods One hundred forty -eight COPD patients in rural and urban area were randomly selected for the survey , and they filled out a questionnaire and we also accessed to medical records . The survey contains included economic burden on patients , medical expenses and mortality et al .Further to analyze the correlation be-tween economic status and quality of life in patients with COPD .Results For patients with COPD , economic burden in rural area was severe than those in urban area in economically backward areas in Xinzhou region ( P <0.05 ) , the investment on treatment in rural area was lower than in urban area ( P <0.05 ) , the quality of life in rural area was poorer than in urban area ( P <0.05 ) .Conclu-sions Backward economic situation severely restricts the treatment and quality of life in patients with COPD , and it increases the fi-nancial burden on the patient's family.It is necessary to increase the government investment , strengthen social management , and to carry out the supporting work for the patients with COPD in economically backward areas .

Objective To explore the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Functional Ability of Visually Impaired Questionnaire (CfaVIQ) by using Rasch Analysis. Methods The faVIQ was translated and adapted into the Chinese-version faVIQ (CfaVIQ). The CfaVIQ was completed by 215 visionlly impaired patients. The data were Rasch-analyzed with the Rating Scale Model of Andrich for calculating item fit statistics, determining the separation index by using Winsteps Rasch measurement program. Results Rasch model analysis indicated individual separation index (3.55) and project separation index (8.01) were both arithmetic greater than 2; the inlier-sensitive fit Mean Square (infitMnSq) and outlier-sensitive fit Mean Square (outfitMnSq) of Items, Persons were both within the range of 0.5-1.5, indicating great coincidence to the model;Wright map analysis showed the distribution of the sample ability and item difficulty was ideally normal. Coefficient of internal consistency was 3.55, separation reliability was 0.93. Pearson correlation coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.92. Pearson correlation coefficient between CfaVIQ and vision (-0.67), visual acuity (-0.14). The National Eye Institute 25 Item Visual Function Questionnarie (NEI-VFQ25) (0.79) indicated a good construct validity. All the items′outfitMnSq, except outfitMnSq>1.5 of item 10 and item 23,were within the range of 0.5-1.5. Criterion Validity was 0.922 (95%CI:0.858-0.987). Conclusions The CfaVIQ is a culturally specific vision quality of life measure instrument. It can sensitively assess the quality-of-life in the visually impaired group. Rasch measurement model can provide comprehensive and positive information and has good application prospects for analysis of CfaVIQ.

Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position + 10225 in adiponectin receptor 1 gene and type 2 diabetes.Methods The genotypes of + 10225C/G of adiponectin receptor 1 were detected by polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) in 200 type 2 diabetes and 100 health controls.Fasting blood samples of all cases were obtained to extract DNA and detect genotype.Statistical software spss 13.0 was used to analyzed.Results Frequency of G-type allele in type 2 diabetes was 40.5％,that in normal controls was 23.5％,there was significant diffierences in the genotype frequencies of SNP+10225 between type 2 diabetes and health controls (x2 =128.0,P＜0.01).Conclusion AdipoR1 + 10225C/G polymorphism was probably associated with type 2 diabetes,G-type allele might be a genetic risk factor of type 2 diabetes.

Objective To observe the anesthetic effects of articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection in oral treatment of elder patients.Methods 66 teeth of 56 elder patients were treated.Pain intensity was scaled by VAS.Pulse and blood pressure were observed before and after drugs administration for 0,5 minutes.ResuIts Pain during injection of articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection and surgery subsequently was rare.The total respouse rate was 95%～100%.No significent toxic effects were found.Pulse and blood pressure remained after injection.Conclusion Articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine tartrate injection was one of local anesthetics with good infiltration,safety and anesehetic effect.It would be more widely used in elder patients oral treatment field in the future.

Esophageal carcinoma represents high incidence and mortality rate in China.Irinotecan (CPT-11) has shown promising activity in a number of gastrointestinal cancers,including esophageal cancer.This article reviews recent clinical trials of irinotecan-based chemotherapy and radiochemotherapy in esophageal carcinoma.

Objective To construct a novel recombinant human IFN-ε,and to analyze its physi-cal,chemical properties and biological characteristics.Methods Human genomic DNA was used as the template to synthesize IFN-ε gene by PCR.The sequence was cloned into plasmid vector pET-32a(+),and the recombinant plasmid pET-32a(+)/IFN-ε was transformed into E.coli BL2l(DE3).The form of ex-pression product was inclusion bodies.After purification and renaturation.high purity active protein IFN-εwas achieved.The final product was tested for its physical.chemical properties and biological characteristics including anti-viral and anti-proliferative acfivities.Results IFN-ε was expressed in inclusion body in E.coli.After the protein renaturation and purification,the purity was more than 95%.The rhIFN-ε protein had a specific anti-viral activity of about 1.2×103 IU/mg.Its anti-poliferative activity is obvious and can in-duce cells to produce anti-viral protein MxA.Conclusion Human IFN-ε protein was expressed successful-ly.and this protein has anti-virus and anti-prolireration activity.

Objective:To study the mechanism on extracellular signal-regulate kinases ( ERK) signal transduction by calcium influx initiated by combination of estrogen with calcium channels or estrogen re-ceptor in endometrial cancer cell Ishikawa. Methods: Confocal test was used to determine the relative calcium mobilization by stimulation of estrodiol together with and without the inhibition of ICI182780 and nifedipine. Western-blotting was used to detect the protein expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (P-ERK1/2) in the same condition. Results:The transient calcium flux initiated by 17β-estrodiol (E2) and a membrane-impermeable conjugate of estrogen and bovine serum albumin ( E2-BSA ) , and the calcium mobilization could be inhibited by ICI182780 and nifedipine in 1 min. In Ishikawa cells, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was stimulated by E2 , and the phosphorylation could not be inhibited by E2 after the combination with ICI182780 in 5 min and in 30 min. The phosphorylation also could not be in-hibited by E2-BSA after the combination with nifedipine in 5 min, but in 30 min the phosphorylation was decreased. The phosphorylation of ERK by E2-BSA was decreased by the combination with nifedipine in 30 min. Conclusion:The transient calcium flux initiated by estrogen has an effect on the activation of ERK signal pathway in endometrial carcinoma cells.

Objective To understand the application status of physical assessment in clinical nurses. Methods Using self-designed physical assessment skills questionnaire to investigate nurses in six provinces of China, 1115 questionnaires were valid. Results There were 171 items in this questionnaire,4.0% of them were used regularly, 19.3% used frequently, 76.7% used occasionally. The result of Spearman correlation showed that there was positive correlation between the frequency of physical assessment skills and the subjective needs of nurses, regional, educational background, hospital level. There was also negative correlation with title, age and seniority. Conclusions The main factors lead to imbalance development of physical assessment skills are regional, hospital-level and education background; the assessment skills of specialist hospitals and wards need to be standardized immediately.