Objective Qualitative research was used to study the psychological experience of caregivers of children with Down syndrome so as to give them necessary support. Methods Objective sampling method was used to select 8 children with Down syndrome caregivers as the research object, using unstructured interviews to collect data and carefully read, analyze, encode and collect the records of interviews, and then sublimate the theme concept reflecting the psychological experience of the research object. Results A total of 4 themes had been raised:the pain and helplessness of the child, the stress and exhaustion of the body, the feeling of hopeless, the desire for support and understanding. Conclusions The psychological stress of the main caregivers of Down syndrome is great, we should help them relieve the pressure, instruct them to train the children correctly, make them strengthen their self-confidence and take better care of their children.

Objective:To compare the performance of chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay ( CMIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) for the determination of Anti-PR3 and Anti-MPO.Methods:Concentration of Anti-PR3 and Anti-MPO in serum samples from 166 patients with autoimmune diseases and 50 healthy donors were determined by using CMIA (Method A) and ELISA(Method B),respectively.The results from both assays were analyzed and compared by statistical methods .Results:Method A showed better intra-assay reproducibility and inter-assay reproducibility than Method B for the determination of high ,medium and low levels of control serum .Both methods met the accuracy requirement .The correlation coefficient of Anti-PR3 and Anti-MPO were 0.987 8 and 0.989 6 for Method A and Method B ,respectively.And the Kappa coefficients were 0.897 and 0.882 for Method A and Method B,respectively.Conclusion:The performance of Method A is superior to Method B for the deter-mination of Anti-PR3 and Anti-MPO, which makes Method A to be a potentially better choice for clinical application .

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of IDO and c-myc in bladder urothelial carcinoma.Methods IDO mRNA expression from fresh tumor and mucosa specimens from 20 cases were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR,and SP was used to detect the IDO,c-myc protein in paraffin-embeded specimens from 84 cases and mucosa specimens from 22 cases.Results In bladder urothelial carcinoma,IDO,c-myc protein expression level had no relationship with age and sex.Expression of IDO protein in invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma was significantly higher than that of no-invasive (x2 =5.600,P =0.018).With the increase of the histological grade (x2 =20.268,P =0.000) and UICC stage (x2 =12.075,P =0.007),the positive expression rate of IDO protein was increased.There was not positive expression of c-myc protein in normal bladder tissue,but in bladder urothelial carcinoma,44 cases (52.4 ％) were positive expression (x2 =10.733,P =0.001).The expression of c-myc protein had no relationship with the histological classification,histological grade and UICC stage.In bladder urothelial carcinoma tissue,IDO protein expression level was positively correlated with c-myc protein expression (r =0.205,P =0.047),and was positively correlated with the histological classification,histological grade and UICC stage (r =0.258,P =0.018; r =0.491,P =0.000; r =0.365,P =0.001).Expression of IDO mRNA in bladder urothelial carcinoma (7.696 1±1.745 2) was significantly higher than that in normal bladder tissue (6.397 0±1.205 1)(t =2.367,P =0.023).The average expression level of IDO mRNA in bladder urothelial carcinoma of Ta-T1 stage was 6.803 4±1.567 5,which was significantly lower than that in T2-T4 stage (9.183 8±0.690 3) (t =4.955,P =0.000).The average expression levels of IDO mRNA in grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ bladder urothelial carcinoma were 7.058 7±1.771 5,7.934 2±1.530 5,9.290 7±0.574 5,respectively,which were increased with the grade increasing (t =2.729,P =0.011).Conclusions The high expression of IDO correlates with bladder urothelial carcinoma progression,and expression of c-myc is irrelevant with bladder urothelial carcinoma progression,but maybe associate with bladder urothelial carcinoma occurrence.IDO may be a predictive factor of prognosis.IDO and c-myc may be therapeutic target in the treatment of bladder urothelial cancer.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of bin 1,C-myc in bladder urothelial carcinoma.Methods SP method was used to detect the expression of bin 1,C-myc protein in paraffin specimens from bladder urothelial carcinoma of 84 cases and mucosa of 11 cases,and its relationship with clinical pathological charac-teristics was analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of bin1 in normal bladder tissues was 81.81%,that in bladder urothelial carcinoma was 46.43%,the difference was not significant (χ2 =4.873,P=0.051).No expression of C-myc was observed in normal bladder tissue ,the positive expression rate of C-myc in bladder urothelial carcinoma was 52.38%,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =10.733,P=0.001).The expression of bin1 in invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma was significantly lower than the non-infiltrating type(χ2 =7.685,P =0.007),with increased histological grade and UICC stage ,the positive rate of bin1 expression decreased (χ2 =15.817,P=0.000;χ2 =11.104,P=0.010).The expression of C-myc had no relationship with the histological classification ,histological grade and UICC stage .Correlation analysis showed that the expression of bin 1 was negatively correlated with histologi-cal classification,histological grade and UICC stage (r=-0.302,P=0.005;r=-0.411,P=0.000;r=-0.302, P=0.005).With the increased expression of bin1,C-myc expression decreased,but the difference was not statistical-ly significant.Conclusion Low expression of bin1 or loss of bin1expression were associated with the progression of bladder urothelial carcinoma , the expression of C-myc was related with bladder urothelial carcinoma lesions .The results suggest that bin1 may be predictive factor for prognosis of urinary bladder urothelial carcinomas ;bin1,C-myc may be viewed as molecular targets for tumor chemotherapy .

Cellular immunotherapy such as that.initiated by dendritic cell (DC) is capable of eradicating cancer stem cells and restoring the homeostasis imbalance,and therefore has emerged as a promising approach to cure tumor.The first therapeutic DC vaccine in world has been approved by American FDA.However,the satisfactory therapeutic benefits of DC vaccine observed in vitro and in vivo (animal) studies could barely be recapitulated in clinical settings.The advantages of DC immunotherapy,achievements and challenges are introduced.

Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of Gongqing Granule(Granule for Clearing the Uterus) on shortening the duration of vaginal bleeding after medical abortion.Methods The 120 unwanted pregnancy women within 49d of intrauterine gestation were randomly divided into three groups.Gongqing Granule combined with mifepristone and misoprostol was administered orally in Group A(treatment group).Qianzhi Capsule combined with mifepristone and misoprostol was administered orally to Group B(control group),and only mifepristone plus misoprostol was administered orally to Group C(blank group).Other 40 women(Group D,induced abortion group),were treated with vacuum aspiration for abortion.Chorionic villi and decidual tissue were collected and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by immunohistochemical method and Bax mRNA and Bcl-2 mRNA by situ hybridization.Results The expression of Bax,Bcl-2,Bax mRNA and Bcl-2 mRNA was found in all groups.The expression of Bax and Bax mRNA in the treatment group was higher than those in the control group,then the blank group,and then induced abortion group.While the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA of the treatment group was lower than those in the control group,then the blank group,and then induced abortion group(P

OBJECTIVE:To study the influence of Dieda paste application on expressions of CD16/32and CD80of mouse macrophages in traumatic condition.METHODS:The mice were divided into3groups:treatment group,model group and normal group.Using Rene method,7time-periods were adopted.Purified mouse peritoneal macrophages were obtained and detected with flow cytometer.RESULTS:After48-hour treatment,the subgroups of positive CD16/32,positive CD80and neg?ative CD16/32changed significantly.CONCLUSION:Topical application of Dieda paste could regulate the expressions of CD 16/32and CD80to normal levels.

The determination of pantothenic acid in infant formula was carried out by means of HPLC. The sample was dissolved in deionizid water and put in an ultra-sonic generator for 15 minutes, adjust pH to precipitate protein. After centrifugation the supernatants were used as test sample for HPLC analysis. Column: Bondapak C18, Detector: ultraviolet 200nm, and 0.01M KH2PO4/CH3OH as eluant. Coefficient of variation was 6.58% and recovery was 93.78%.The method might be applicable to milk and milk products and alsoto the samples containing free pantothenic acid such as wheat germ and flour.

The "free" and "bound" forms of cholinc in food were determined by a rapid method in which extraction and hydrolysis were accomplished simulta- neously with a barium hydroxide-methanol-chloroform mixture. The choline was isolated by adsorption on a Florisil column. By passing ammonium rei-neckate through the column, a pink band of choline reineckate was formed. The choline reineckate could be eluted by acetone and its concentration was determined by measuring the absorbance of eluate of the reineckate band by spectrophotometer at 526nm.This method is accurate, rapid, easy to handle. The RSD is 2.43%. The recoveries of added choline ranged from 96.7% to 101.7%.

Objective To investigate the role of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells and CD4+CD25gigh regulatory T cells in peripheral blood and decidua in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).Methods Peripheral blood and decidua CD4+CD25+regulatory T ceHs and CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells in 30 ICP patients(15 mild ICP and 15 severe ICP)and 28 normal pregnant women were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results The percentage of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and CD4+cD25high regulatory T cells in the CD4+T cells population in both peripheral blood and decidua in ICP patients were significantly lower than those in control women[(7.96±1.32)%vs(17.05 ±2.86)%,(17.18±2.27)%vs(32.01±3.88)%;(0.78±0.22)%vs(1.71±0.69)%,(2.25±0.89)%vs(8.30±1.13)%;P<0.01].Meanwhile,a significantly higher percentage of CD4+CD25+regulatory T ceHs and CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells in the C4+T cells population was observed in all decidua samples compared to peripheral blood both in ICP patients(P<0.01)and in control women(P<0.01).In addition,the percentages ofCD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and CD4+CD25high regulatory T ceHs in the CD4+ T cell population in both decidua and peripheral blood in severe ICP[(15.94±1.95)%,(7.17±1.17)%,(1.87±0.90)%,(0.68±0.19)%]were lower than those in mild ICP [(18.43±1.90)%,(8.74±0.96)%,(2.62±0.72)%,(0.89±0.20)%] and normal pregnancy(all P<0.05).Conclusions CD4+CD25high regulatory T cell may play all important role in the pathogenesis of ICP and control of disease progression.