Based on the analysis of the standards of bacteriological quality monitoring of laboratory animals in developed countries, this paper provides suggestion for modification of bacteriological quality monitoring of laboratory mice and rats in China.

Objective To explore the implementation of the reservation case teaching method in the teaching of medical ethics.Methods:96 students of 2 classes selected from 2010 grade clinical medicine specialty by random cluster sampling ( trial group) were taught with the reservation case teaching method , while 85 students of another 2 classes selected from the same grade and specialty ( control group ) were adopted with the traditional teaching meth-od .Then the effect of the reservation case teaching method was evaluated by test and questionnaire .Results:Most of the students in the trial group considered the reservation case teaching method are beneficial to strengthen the learning interest , understand and know more about the medical ethics , cultivate creative thinking , enhance the a-bility of self-study and solving practical problems .Conclusion:Reservation case teaching method can be used in medical ethics teaching , which is advantageous over the traditional teaching method .

p21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) is a member of a family of serine/threonine kinase.PAK4plays an important role in a variety of cellular functions including cell cycle,cell proliferation,apoptosis,and cytoskeletal reorganization.Recently,PAK4 has been shown to overexpress in a variety of malignancies,and contribute to cancer cell migration and invasion through multiple signalling pathways.

Objective To discuss the non-antibiotic Chinese medicine therapy for the non-gonococcus conjunctivitis in newborns, and reduce the use of antibiotic and the production of bear-medicine-bacterium. Methods 0.9%-sodium chloride was used as the inoculation fluid, Shuanghuanglian (freezing and drying) was uscd as dissolution injection. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection 1ml: 5mg was added, mixed-fluid 16ml was matched to spray the eyes after ultrasonic-atomization equipment atomizes. Results 56 examples 103 eyes which had the nongonococcus conjunctivitis in newborns were treated only with the injection with the Shuanghuanglian dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection mixed with the fluided ultrasonic-atomization equipment atomizes and the total effectiveness reached 97.08%. Conclusion The Shuanghuanglian-ultrasonic-atomization way to treat non-gonococcal conjunctivitis in the newborns is safe and effective.

Objective To assess antibiotic prescription habits,cost pattern and the prospective intervention in Intensive Care Unit was analyzed.Methods Data on antibiotic utilization and antibiotics susceptibility were col-lected prospectively from individual electronic charts from July 2014 to September 2014.Results 225 of 246 patients surveyed used antimicrobial during the ICU stay,and antibacterial drug utilization rate was 91.46%.Cefperazone-sulbactam and piperacillin-tazobactam were the most prescribed medications.Total defined daily dose ( DDDs) was 1121.1 DDDs.Bacteria culture was 98 positive in 677 cases and 101 pathogenic bacteria were isolated.Conclusion Interventional programs should focus on promoting infectious control with rational antibiotic prescription aimed at mini-mizing the future emergence of bacterial resistance and futile.

Objective To discuss the role of naso-carbon in the protection of parathyroid during surgery. Methods 72 patients were randomly divided into the two groups,Injecting 0.1-0.2mL nano-carbon in the thyroid during a thyroid surgery.When the thyroid and surrounding lymph tissue were stained,then the thyroid surgery should be continued,the non-stained tissue should be protected.Results There were 6 cases with hypocalcemia in the con-trol group and 2 cases in the observation group(χ2 =13.87,P<0.05).5 cases with PTH decrease in the control group and 1 case in the observation group(χ2 =14.53,P<0.05).7 parathyroid glands were examined in the control group,while none in the observation group(χ2 =127.54,P<0.05).Conclusion Using naso-carbon during the thy-roid surgery,parathyroid gland cannot be stained black.The parathyroid gland can be easily identified and preserved.

Background Reliable intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement is essential in glaucomatous study.TonoLab is a newly designed tonometer for small animals,however,its repeatability and reproducibility remains unknown.Objective This study aimed to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of TonoLab rebound tonometer in DBA/2J mice.Methods Intraocular pressure was measured in both eyes of 63 DBA/2J mice aged 7 months under systemic anesthesia with TonoLab rebound tonometer.IOP of each eye was measured for 3 times by two observers independently and consecutively using TonoLab rebound tonometer,and the data were obtained in single blind method.Within standard deviation (Sw),interclass correlation coefficient (ICC),within coefficient of variation (CVw) and corresponding 95％ confidence interval (CI) were calculated to evaluate the repeatability of measuring result from single observer,and Bland-Altman method was used to assess the agreement between two observers.The abnormal data which affected repeatability was analyzed.Results Among the 126 eyes,105 eyes showed the normal IOP with mean value (12.98 ± 1.05) mmHg from observer 1 and (12.41 ±0.92) mmHg from observer 2.Ocular hypertension was found in 21 eyes with mean value (27.76 ± 1.95) mmHg and (27.49 ± 1.28) mmHg for observer 1 and observer 2 respectively.Sw,ICC and CVw for observer 1/observer 2 were 1.34/1.11 mmHg,0.90/0.92,8.24％/7.42％ in normal eyes and 2.21/1.49 mmHg,0.89/0.95,6.97％/4.82％ in hypertensive eyes.The average bias between two measuring values from different observers was 0.60 mmHg in the normal eyes (95％ CI:-5.20-6.30 mmHg) and 0.30 mmHg in the hypertensive eyes (95％ CI:-7.30-7.80 mmHg).Conclusions TonoLab rebound tonometer can offer a good intraobserver repeatability in both normal and hypertensive eyes in mice,but the agreement between two observers is outside an acceptable level.So we consider IOP in mice obtained by TonoLab rebound tonometer is reliable and accurate from a single observer.

Objective To determine the characteristic features of clinical manifestation, imaging and pathology in the patients with hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (HCP). Methods All clinical data of 1 patient with HCP were studied retrospectively. Results The patient presented with heavy headache, progressive visual acuity decreased and hoarse voice. Brain MRI displayed abnormal strengthening signals in cerebral dura mater, especially in cerebral falx and tentorium of cerebellum. Pathological examination demonstrated chronic inflammation changes including numerous plasmocytes infiltration, accrementition and glassy degeneration of fibrous tissue, formation of granulation tissue. Therapy with corticosteroid hormone showed good effect for this patient.Conclusions HCP mainly presents with headache and paralysis of multiple cranial nerves. Distinctive sign on brain MRI is strengthening signal in cerebral dura. Chronic inflammation is the pathological change of this disease and pathological examination plays important role in diagnosis of HCP.

Objective T o explore the casual relationship and the significance of identification am ong the injury, disease and dam age consequence in the disability evaluation of lum bar spondylolysis by the stan-dard for identifying grading of disability caused by w ork-related injuries. Methods T he general data, in-jury m anner, clinical treatm ent and the im aging exam ination of 32 lum bar spondylolysis cases w ere col-lected and retrospectively analyzed. A ccording to the degree of participation in the injury and dam age consequence, the identification and assessm ent of casual relationship w as m ade, and the grading of dis-ability w as assessed. Results For 32 cases, injury had no effect on dam age consequence in 7 cases, slight effect in 5 cases, secondary effect in 13 cases, equivalent effect in 4 cases, and com plete effect in 3 cases. A ccording to the related item s in the standard for identifying grading of disability caused by w ork-related injuries, 3 cases w ere rated level 7, 5 cases w ere level 8, 6 cases w ere level 9, 11 cases w ere level 11 am ong the cases w hich existed causal relationship. Conclusion T he form ation of lum bar spondylolysis is connected to the factors of age, anatom y, occupation and injury m anner etc. T he degree of disability should be accessed com prehensively after the analysis of the casual relationship am ong the injury, disease and dam age consequence.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the hospital infection-related factors of infant incubator and their countermeasures.METHODS The hospital infections cases with the use of infant incubators from Jan 2005 to Sept 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS From the 205 cases of children with the use of infant incubator,14 cases were infected,the hospital infection rate was 6.82%.Their risk factors were weak immunity,poor hygiene concepts,not strictly executing the hand disinfection systems and hygiene norms,unsatisfactory basic care and high humidity in incubators.CONCLUSIONS To strictly execute the disinfection system and hand hygiene norms,rationally use the antibiotics and to strengthen the basic care and care management can reduce the incidence of hospital infections.