Background Researches showed that aquaporin-1 (AQP1) is closely associated with corneal neovescularization(CNV).Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor has the inhibitory effect on the AQP1 and further suppresses the CNV.However,the systemic adverse effect of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor limit its clinical application.Therefore,the influence of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor on CNV is concerned.Objective Present study was to investigate the effects of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on the expression of AQP1 in rat cornea after alkali burn and explore its role in corneal neovascularization (CNV).Methods The alkali-burn animal models were established in 60 eyes of 30 clean Sprague Dawley rats by putting the filter paper soaked 1 mol/L NaOH solution at the central cornea for 40 seconds.1％ Brinzolamide was topically administered in the 30 eyes of 15 models (Brinzolamide group),and the normal saline solution was used at the same way in other 30 eyes of 15 rats (model group).The 10 eyes of 5 normal Sprague Dawley received the eye drops of normal saline solution as the normal control group.The corneal burning degree was graded on the Mahoney ' s criteria in the third day,and Ee ' s method was used to score the opacification of cornea and the CNV area was analyzed in 3,5,7,10 days under the slit lamp microscope.The cornea tissue was obtained in the tenth day after burning for the observation of the pathology under the light microscope and the ultrastructure under the transmission electron microscope.The expressions of AQP1 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in cornea tissue were detected using immunohistochemistry.The use of animals complied with the Statement of ARVO.Results No significant difference was seen in the scores of rat corneal alkali burn between the model group and brinzolamide group( t=0.97,P＞0.05 ).The scores of corneal edema and opacification and neovascular area were lower in brinzolamide group compared with model group ( t =2.18,P＜0.05 ;t =6.58,P＜0.01 ).The pathological and ultrastructural examinations showed less CNV and inflammatory cells in rat corneal tissue of the brinzolamide group in comparison with model group.The grey values of VEGF were 84.92±9.49 and 78.18± 11.41,and those of AQP1 were 88.01 ± 11.03 and 58.10 ± 12.14 in the model group and brinzolamidegroup respectively,showing statistically significant differences ( VEGF:t =2.48,P =0.02 ; AQPI:t =9.99,P =0.00 ).Conclusions 1％ Brinzolamide suppresses alkali burn-induced CNV by downregulating the expressions of AQP1 and VEGF in cornea in rat.

Objective To compare the different effect of two gastric tube insertion methods in pa-dents undergoing computed tomographic virtual endoscopy. Methods 56 patients undergoing computed tomographic virtual endoscopy were randomly divided into group A and B according to gastric tube insertion methods, group A inserted gastric tube to descending duodenum by gastroscope, group B inserted by Jag precursor via nose. One- time success rate and the incidence rate of side effect were compared between the two groups. X2 test was adopted. Results One- time success rate of group A and B was 33.3%, 82.9% respectively, with obvious statistic difference. The incidence rate of side effect of group A was higher than that of group B. Conclusions Inserting gastric tube to descending duodenum by Jag precursor via nose is convenient, time- saving, causing less pain and resulting in higher success rate.

Objective To evaluate the long-term prognostic capacity of the SYNTAX score Ⅱ(SxScore Ⅱ) and SYNTAX score (SxScore) in patients undergoing left main percutaneous coronary intervention (LM-PCI). Methods A total of 209 patients undergoing unprotected LM-PCI in the Cardiology Department of the Affiliated Hospital of PAP of Logistic College were prospectively collected. Follow up was carried out by telephone or outpatient or rehospitalization. The clinical endpoint focused on MACCE after PCI including composite death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization and stroke. The secondary endpoint included cardiac death and stent thrombosis. The SxScore and SxScoreⅡ were retrospectively calculated according to results of coronary angiography and clinical features of patients. Patients were stratified according to tertiles of low (≤22), intermediate (23-32), and high (≥33). The clinical data were comparedbetween three groups. The predictive ability of two scoring systems to MACCE after PCI was compared by COX regression evaluation. Results In 209 patients, 12 patients were lost to follow-up (5.7%), and the median follow-up was 30.2 months, 56 cases (28.4%) were observed to suffer from MACCE. The incidence rates of MACCE were 19.0%, 28.6%and 44.4%in SxScore low, intermediate and high groups respectively. The incidence rates of MACCE were 12.8%, 23.8%and 45.5%in SxScoreⅡlow, intermediate and high groups respectively. Single factor analysis showed that SxScore, SxScoreⅡ, age, diabetes and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were the independent predictors of MACCE. Multivariate analysis showed that SxScore and SxScoreⅡwere still risk independent predictors for MACCE. Conclusion Both SxScore and SxScoreⅡare independent risk predictors for MACCE in patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease undergoing PCI treatment.

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome ; epidemiology ; prevention & control

Objective:To investigate the compensation of the anterior alveolar bone thickness in skeletal class Ⅲ patients treated with orthodontic-surgical treatment.Methods:The samples consisted of 54 ske-letal classⅢpatients treated with orthodontic-surgical treatment.Lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment.Descriptive statistics were calculated for corresponding variables,and the differences between the samples and the norms from Peking University normal occlusion sample library were assessed by inde-pendent-sample t test.Correlation analyses were performed to find associations between skeletal charac-teristics and anterior alveolar bone thickness.According to skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy/vertical type (ANB,criteria=-4°;SN-MP,criteria=37.7°),the samples were allocated into group A (severe anteroposterior discrepancy/hypodivergent vertical type,n=1 1 ),group B (moderate anteroposterior dis-crepancy/hypodivergent vertical type,n=1 6),group C (severe anteroposterior discrepancy/hyperdiver-gent vertical type,n=1 4),and group D (moderate anteroposterior discrepancy/hyperdivergent vertical type,n=1 3),and one-way ANOVA with SNK multiple comparison test were performed.Results:The anterior alveolar bone thickness of the skeletal class Ⅲ patients were thinner compared with norm values (P<0.05 ).Correlational analyses showed that,both the upper and lower anterior alveolar bone thick-ness was correlated with the skeletal vertical discrepancy (P<0.05 ),but the anteroposterior type was only correlated with the lower anterior alveolar bone thickness (P<0.05).For the 4 groups according to skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy/vertical type,hypodivergent vertical type had thinner lower ligual and total bone thickness (LP,LW,P<0.05).while for upper alveolar bone thickness (UW),group C and group B exhibited the thinnest and thickest (the values of UW were 7.86 mm and 9.05 mm).Conclusion:The upper and lower anterior alveolar bone thickness of skeletal classⅢpatients are thinner compared with normal occlusion.Different skeletal anteroposterior discrepancy/vertical type results in differences in the anterior alveolar bone thickness,so decompensation should be treated differently and carefully.

Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (G- NEN) is a type of relatively rare and heterogeneous tumors mainly derived from enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL-cells) localized in the gastric mucosa. The incidence of G-NEN has increased over the past few decades, which may contribute to factors such as improved clinical and pathological experience in diagnosing this disease, as well as increased access to endoscopy. The biological behavior, clinicalpathological features and treatment response of G-NEN are different from those of pancreatic or intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms. The diagnosis of G-NEN mainly depends on endoscopy and pathology. Conventional imaging and somatostatin receptor imaging may help to diagnose the disease stage. Treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach that may include endoscopic resection, surgery, chemotherapy, somatostatin analogues, intervention, PRRT, etc. The present study reviews the relevant guidelines in combination of our experience and research and aims to elaborate the epidemiology, clinical classification, diagnostic modalities and treatment options.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between marriage/loving affairs related life events and the high suicide rates among Chinese rural women.Methods: 66 suicides and 66 living controls were studied using psychological autopsy methods.Results:There were 36 women in the research subjects which account for 27% of the total sample (36/132). There were more marriage/loving affairs related life events in female suicide than in other groups (1.6?2.1 vs. 1.0?1.5,0.2?0.6,0.6?0.9) and in female suicide the frequency of marriage/loving affairs related life events is higher than the frequency of other four types of life events (1.6?2.1 vs. 0.5?0.7,0.4?0.6,0.9?0.9,0.4?0.9). Both of the two differences do not have statistical significance.Conclusion:More attention should be paid to marriage/loving affairs related life events for Chinese rural women.

Implantation of biological materials are required for rhinoplasty,nasal septum support,filling nasal tip,correction of nasal deformities from trauma,nasal hump deformity correction,and correction of cleft lip nasal secondary deformity. Biological materials for rhinoplasty include silicone rubber,expanded polytetrafluoroethylene,high-density polyethylene,polymethyl methacrylate,hydroxyapatite,and composite materials. However,those materials are limited due to easy onset of complication or high price; therefore,they need to be further modified. In recent years,tissue-engineered bone is expected to provide a more safe and effective implant material for rhinoplasty.

BACKGROUND: Lefty gene could attenuate renal fibrosis by inhibiting transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1) signal transduction. OBJECTIVE: To construct eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1/Hygro (+)-Lefty A and to establish a cell line that can stably express Lefty A in order to verify the effects on inhibiting renal fibrosis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Gene cloning and single sample experiment was performed at Key Laboratory of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from April to July 2008. MATERIALS: Human renal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2 cell) were purchased from Peking Union Medical College, pcDNA3.1/Hygro(+) was given by professor Siamak Tabibzadeh in Stony University as a gift. Clone vector of Lefty A (pCMV-SPORT6, GenBank Accession is BC035718) was purchased from Wuhan Genesil Biotechnology Co., Ltd. METHODS: The coding sequence of Lefty A was gained from pCMV-SPORT6 through PCR and then was used to construct eukaryotic expression vector in pcDNA3.1/Hygro(+). The recombinant pcDNA3.1/Hygro (+)-Lefty A was transfected into human kidney tubular epithelial-2 cells (HK-2 cells) through LipofectamineTM 2000. After screening culture by Hygromycin, stable transfected cell line was established and the expression of Lefty A was identified by Hygromycin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The results identified by electrophoresis of PCR products, the results identified by recombinant enzyme incision, the results of recombinant gene sequence, the filtration of Lefty A stable expression cell line and the expression of mRNA Lefty A in cells. RESULTS: The coding sequence of Lefty A was gained from pCMV-SPORT6 by PCR using specific primers, and was confirmed by 10 g/L gel electrophoresis. There was a little bigger than 1.0 kb specific PCR band at the 1.0 kb of the bands. The results were consistent with 1.1 kb location. The recombinant plasmid was confirmed by Hind III, BamH I single enzyme digestion respectively, and each segment was 6.7kb. 5.6 kb and 1.1 kb segments were gained respectively after double digestion, and consistent with the segment of pcDNA3.1/Hygro(+) and Lefty A. The positive recombinant plasmids were sequenced for bioinformatics analysis. The results were consistent with expectation. The high expression of Lefty A mRNA in transfected tubular epithelial cell line was found. CONCLUSION: The eukaryotic expression vectors of pcDNA3.1/Hygro(+)-Lefty A were constructed successfully and the gene of Lefty A was stably expressed in stable transfected HK-2 cell line.

Objective To investigate the relevant characteristic findings of rectal carcinoma in CT images which are associated with N staging.Methods Fifty-nine patients (38 male, 21 female, media age 58, range from 36 to 80 years old) underwent radical resection for rectal carcinoma after preoperative CT examinations were obtained. For N staging, pN0, pN1, pN2 were considered on the basis of pathological examination of excised specimens according to AJCC N staging criterion. Images were reviewed by two radiologists blindly using CT cine on workstation, making the consensus on the size, number and distribution of lymph nodes which were displayed perirectally, along superior rectal artery or along iliac vessels. The relationships between lymph node metastases and CT findings were analyzed statistically by SAS using Kruskal-Wallis test and ? 2 test. Results Lymph nodes were depicted in all node positive cases. Diameters of the largest nodes displayed in the group of pN0, pN1, pN2 were(4.13?3.21)mm, (7.43?3.27)mm, and (10.27?3.88)mm, respectively, which showed a statistically increase with N stage developing(? 2=23.842,P