Great progress has been made in tissue engineering cornea construction (i.c.constructing human corneal equivalence by using tissue engineering technique) during the past 20 years.However,a kind of tissue engineering cornea which can be applied to corneal transplantation as human cornea equivalent is yet to be availablc.Scaffold is an indispensable part of tissue engineering cornea.Searching for some kinds of scaffolds with good biocompability,some extent of biodegradation and euough biomechanics property are the issue needing to be resolved immediately in the tissue engineering cornea filed.This article reviewed the development of tissue engineering cornea scaffolds,represented the merits and defects of different scaffolds in order to optimize the project of choosing scaffolds and furthermore lay the foundation for constructing a kind of tissue engineering cornea which may be applied to corneal transplantation as human cornea equivalent in the future.

Objective To assess the quality of literature on randomized or semirandomized clinical controlled trials of fire needling treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.Method Acomputer search assisted by a manual search was conducted of CBM (1979—2015), CNKI (1979—2015), VIP (1989—2015),Wanfang digital periodical group(1998—2015), PubMed (1966—2015), EMbase (1980—2015) and Cochrane Library (Issue4, 2015).Randomizedor semir and omized clinical controlled trials were included.Two reviewers extracted data independently and checked them each other.The methodological quality of research design, diagnostic and inclusion/exclusion criteria, intervening measures for fire needling/control group,efficacy evaluation criteriaand observation time points, and adverse reaction reporting were assessed according toCochrane Reviewers' Handbook 4.2.8.Ameta-analysis was made of homogeneity studies.The GRADE approach ratedsystem outcomes.ResultA total of sevenr and omized controlled trialswere included.Four included studies made a comparison between fire needling andmedication (analgesic+ antirheumatic) groups andthere was no statistically significant difference in the efficacy rate [RR=1.22, 95%CI(0.97, 1.52)].GRADE ratingwas very low.Internationally accepted diagnostic criteria and general evaluation methodswere still not used universally.Conclusion The current clinical reports show that fire needling treatment has some effect on rheumatoid arthritis, but it still needs related evidence support.

Objective To investigate the role of imaging characteristics of cerebral infarction in different regions in predicting the progressive cerebral infarction (PCI). Methods Patients with cerebral infarction were selected in the De?partment of Neurology of Hefei third People’s Hospital from January 2010 to June 2014. Brain MRI were examined the location of cerebral infarction. Patients were then classified into four groups accordingly:cortical infarction, basal gangli?on infarction, coronaradiata infarction and posterior infarction. Patients were further divided into PCI group and non-PCI group according to their clinical manifestations. MRI imaging features and risk factors were analyzed and compared be?tween PCI group and non-PCI group. Results A total of 150 patients with cerebral infarction were enrolled, including 99 cases of non-PCI and 51 cases of PCI. According to the Brain imaging classification, there were 46 cases of cortical in?farction, 25 cases of coronaradiata infarction, 47 cases of basal ganglion infarction and 32 cases of posterior infarction. There were significant differences in subtype cerebral infarction between PCI group and non-PCI group(χ2=19.239,P=
0.001). The percent of cortical infarction were significantly higher in PCI group compared to the non-PCI group. Cortical infarction was correlated to PCI and the value of R and P was 0.170 and 0.026, respectively. Logistic regression revealed that Imaging of subtypes of cerebral infarction was correlative with PCI (P=0.002). The frequency of progression was sig?nificantly increased in cortical infarction than in other subtypes of cerebral infarction (P=0.002). The trend was still sig?nificant even after adjustment for age and blood glucose, (P=0.014). Conclusion The location of cerebral infarction is closely correlated to PCI in which cortical infarction is more likely to develop PCI.

Objective To study the optimum condition of preparing ofloxaxcin gelatin microspheres. Methods Oflox?axcin gelatin microspheres were manufactured using the emulsion chemical-cross linking method and gelatin was employed as carrier, liquid paraffin as oil phase, Span80 as emulsifier, . The loading capability and entrapment efficiency of the ofloxax?cin gelatin microspheres were determined by UV Spectrophotometry. The effect of gelatin concentration, oil/water volume ra?tio, gelatin/ofloxaxcin mass ratio and volume fraction of span80 on drug loading capability and entrapment efficiency were in?vestigated. The optimum proportions of each component was obtained by L9 (34) orthogonal test, based on the above 4 factors, using sum of drug loading capability and entrapment efficiency as evaluation index. Results The optimum condition for manufacturing high quality ofloxaxcin gelatin microspheres used 20%of gelatin concentration,water/oil volume ratio at 3.5∶1, gelatin/ofloxaxcin mass ratio at 1∶1, the span 80 volume fraction of 2.5%. Conclusion Drug loading capability and entrap?ment efficiency of the ofloxaxcin gelatin microspheres reached 80%using this manufacture technology therefore the prepara?tion was stable and feasible.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between thyroid autoantibodies (ATA)and pregnancy outcome of infertility women after assisted reproductive technology (ART). Methods Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, Cochrane library, CNKI and CBM. Results 7 studies were appropriate for meta-analyses and total 4165 patiens were included. Meta analysis shows that the pregnancy rate difference between ATA positive patients and controls have no significance, but the miscarriage rate is greater significant between them. In the meta-analyses, the presence of thyroid antibodies was associated with an increased risk of miscarriage (OR 1.85, 95%CI 1.32~2.59), compared with the absence of thyroid antibodies. Conclusion Pregnant women with thyroid antibodies have an increased risk of complications, especially miscarriage. Future research,should focus on the treatment and thyroid disease on pregnancy outcome.

Objective To compare the effect of anti-spin intramedullary nail and dynamic hip screw fixation in the treatment of elderly intertrochanteric fractures ,in order to investigate the clinical value of anti-spin intramedul-lary nail in elderly intertrochanteric fractures .Methods 160 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures were divided into the observation group and control group according to the random number table .The observation group received anti-spin intramedullary nail fixation , the control group received dynamic hip screw fixation .The fracture healing and hip function of two groups were compared .Results The operative time of the observation group was shor-ter than that of the control group ,and blood loss was less than the control group ,the differences were statistically sig-nificant(t=4.635,3.643,all P<0.05).The function,pain,deformity,range of motion and total scores of the obser-vation group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( t=4.433,4.364,4.865,3.876,3.645,all P<0.05).The postoperative hip function excellent rate of the observation group was 90.0%,which was significantly higher than 72.5%of the control group (χ2 =5.153,P<0.05).Conclusion Proximal femur intramedullary nail anti-rotation fixation in the treatment of elderly intertrochanteric femoral fractures has shorter operative time ,less blood loss,and postoperative hip function recovery is good ,it is worthy of promotion .

BACKGROUND: To review progressions in the pharmacological study of natural plant Ficus carica L. (fig), summarize its main pharmacological effects so as to manifest values in clinical practice.DATA SOURCES: .By computer retrieval system, the relevant papers on the researches on Ficus carica were retrieved on Medline from January 1950 to September 2004 and limited at the referred word "Ficus carica" in English. Simultaneously, the relevant papers were searched by the computer on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database from January 1999 to September 2004, focusing on the referred word "Fieus carica" in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Of all the relevant papers, ones focusing on the pharmacological study of Ficus carica were selected and the whole text were checked, meanwhile those had no relation with the pharmacological latex as well as various constituents and preparations. Exclusion criterion:repeated studies.DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 226 papers were checked on the study of Ficus carica, 30 papers were consistent with the standards. Among the 196 excluded papers, 189 were excluded because they were clinical experience report or repeated studies, 7 were reviews.DATA SYNTHESIS: Investigations of the fig, its leaves and latex as well as various constituents and preparations, have revealed many pharmacological effects such as: anti-tumor effects, the ability to mediate body metabolism, mediating hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and cholesterol levels, enhancing oxidation resistance, antibiotic effects, antivirus effects, the ability to mediate immunity, activating blood coagulation etc. It also may play an important role in supportive therapy in tumor treatment by reducing toxicity and side effects in actinotheraphy and chemotherapy. Several reports of anaphylaxis after fig intake have reported both in China and abroad.CONCLUSION: As an herb, fig has wide pharmacological effects and clinical practise values. The main pharmacological studies of it were focused on its anti-tumor effects and the ability to mediate body metabolism.Separation and purification of its active components and determining the interactions between them as well as the pharmacological and toxicological effects need further study. New pharmacological effect s will be found by studying various fig extracts.

The Medical Care Act of Japan has undergone five major revisions since it went into effect in 1947. Each revision has been designed to target and tackle main problems found in the medical and health sector in the country. These problems range from the making of regional healthcare plans to the establishment of the hospital with specific functions, from the division of rehabilitation beds to the establishment of nursing insurance scheme, from the birth of medical corporations to the establishment of social medical corporations, and from strengthening of non-profit nature of medical institutions to the construction of medical information system. These efforts were made to provide a safe and convenient health service for the Japanese people. These revisions are closely related to hospital management, and its experiences prove useful for the health reform in China.

The clinician training system in Japan is different from that in China as their medical students are allowed to take medical doctor examination immediately following their graduation.But they must undergo at least two years of training in basic clinical knowledge and skills prior to taking any clinical practice.This training system is inspirational for us as follows:China should include standardized training of residents into the law of medical practitioners,and medical graduates must take two years of knowledge training in full medicine before they are qualified for clinical practice.On top of this training,they need to undergo at least three years of specialized doctor training,making them competent clinicians with comprehensive knowledge coverage and outstanding skills in specific areas following such staged training.

For medical insurance systems, medical expense examination is a key measure to keep medical expenses under control. In 1948, Japan established an examination authority of legal person status to operate the medical expense examination. Based on years of modifications and improvement in the organizational system and operation mechanism, the system is running smoothly by now. Authors of this paper made a detailed introduction to the specific operations of such a system, and to China's local features as well. On such basis, the study proposed to build in China a third-party medical expense examination institution as a legal entity, and practice the reexamination system and information disclosure system, in an effort to safeguard legitimate rights of insurance organizations and medical institutions.