Cough is a common respiratory symptom in children.To evaluate severity of cough and the quality-of-life in children with chronic cough,cough scores,generic questionnaires and cough-specific health-related quality of life questionnaires have been developed.Different questionnaires have their own particular features,recently the validity and reliability of the cough-specific health-related quality of life questionnaires are supposed to be high in assessing quality of life,and have been proved to be quite valid and reliable tools.Studies have shown that chronic cough not only affects physical status in children,but also seriously affects their psychological health,social activities and family life negatively.Therefore,evaluating severity of cough and impacting on quality of life contributes to the clinical development of appropriate interventions.

Objective To compare the effect of calcium sulfate pellets made by different methods in repair of segmental radial defect of rabbits. Methods Eighty white New Zealand rabbits were sub-jected to defects of middle part of the left radial bone and divided into four groups according to repair ma-terials: control group (Group A, implanted with no artificial bone substitute), uncoated pressed calcium sulfate pellets (Group B), coated pressed calcium sulfate pellets (Group C) and coated pressed calcium sulfate pellets combined with rhBMP-2 (Group D). Histologic examination and biological test were done at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation. The data were processed with mono-factor variance analysis. Re-sults New bone formation was found on the defected bone in Group D and Group C, with better in Group D. The bone strength test showed that the anti-bending strength was (39.6±1.7) % in Group C and (47.5±2.1) % in Group D, which were higher than (21.3±2.7) % in Group A and (23.6±3.3) % in Group B, with higher anti-bending strength in Group D than that in Group C (F = 125.3 ,P <0.01). Conclusions For restoration of segmental bone defects, chitosan-coated pressed calcium sulfate pellet shows relatively high density and slightly slow resorption, which closely coincides with the growth rate of new bone. The coated pellet combined with rhBMP-2 can enhance its osteogeneais in restoring segmental Done defects.

Objective To study the effect of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism on serum lipids and the relationship between apolipoprotein E polymorphism and coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods Polymerize chain reaction (PCR) and HhaI digestion were used for the detection of apolipoprotein E genotype on 71 patients with CHD and 69 control subjects.Results The frequencies of apolipoprotein E4 allele and E3/4 genotype were obviously increased in CHD group than in control group (P<0.01,P<0.05). Conclusion The apolipoprotein E polymorphism is related to the occurrence of coronary heart disease; apolipoprotein E4 allele is one of the most important hereditary factor for the occurrence of CHD.

Objective: To assess the effect of Linghuang powder ( LHP) in treating acute nonspecific lower urinary tract infection (ANLUTI) with l ower-Jiao damp-heat syndrome and evaluate its safety. Methods: A randomized cont rolled design was adopted. Four hundred and fourteen patients were allocated to LHP treatment group, control group and open treatment group. Results: The marked ly effective rate of short-term treatment with LHP was 71.78%, and the total effective rate was 92.02%, the total rates of im proving urine routine and urine bacterium were 95.21% and 79.37% respectively in LHP treatment group. Conclusion:The effect of LHP for ANLUTI with lower-jiao damp-heat syndrome is better than that in the control group (P<0.01).

Oxidative stress can achieve the purpose of tumor therapy by accelerating the death of tumor cells.As a major molecule generated from the body's oxidative stress reaction,reactive oxygen species(ROS)exerts the antitumor efforts by promoting apoptosis,necrosis and autophagy.The drugs which could increase the level of ROS in cells have received more and more people's attention,and this provide a new research direction for the clinical treatment of tumors.

Pediatric acute liver failure has a high mortality.Liver transplantation is the only definite treatment.Extracorporeal liver support can be employed as a strategy for bridging to transplantation or recovery.There are three types of device for temporary support:biological,non-biological (also called artificial) and bio-artificial (hybrid techniques).Early non-biological device including hemodialysis,hemoperfusion/plasma perfusion and plasmapheresis have improved biochemical efficacy,but there are little data for clinical end points.Continuous blood purification and the combination of various non-biological methods such as the molecular adsorbent recirculatory system and Prometheus(R) are new extracorporeal blood purification therapy.The results of many experimental and clinical trials have improved the efficacy of the above mentioned methods.

Objective To probe the differences in clinicopathological features between benign and malignant polypoid lesions of the gallbladder.Methods In this study,1396 PLG cases diagnosed by postoperative pathology between 2007.1 to 2009.12 were enrolled.Cases were divided into three groups according to the pathological classification:1339 cases of benign proliferative diseases ;42 cases of adenoma,15 cases of malignant disease.Comparing the clinical characteristics of the three groups,we screened out the risk factors for malignant transitions.Results Age (F =8.090,P =0.000),size of polyp (F =102.61,P =0.000),single vs multiple lesions (x2 =214.25,P =0.000),concurrent inflammation (x2 =9.362,P =0.009),and stones (x2 =34.022,P =0.000) were significantly different between the three groups.Conclusions Size of polyps over 0.8 cm,age over 60 years,single polyp,accompanied by stones and inflammation were the risk factors for malignancy in gallbladder polypoid lesions.

In recent years,with increasing investment on laboratory medicine scientific research in China,the project management,implementation,evaluation system and quality improvement become more and more important for research managers and executives.In this paper,the main problems of project execution and implementation and accordingly proposed some constructive suggestions were analysed,in the aspects of the leading role of principal investigator,periodical discussion,peer guidance,scientific progress management,effective using of project funds and the establishment of appropriate reward and punishment mechanisms.It is hoped that these suggestions can be used to achieve success in laboratory medicine research project.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common form of secondary endocrine hypertension,which is characterized by hypertension,hypokelamia,myathenia,elevated serum aldosterone concentration and suppressed plasma renin activity.Besides,accumulating research evidences showed that parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was elevated in patients with primary aldosteronism,accompanied by secondary hyperparathyroidism.This review systemically introduces the interaction between aldosterone and PTH in PA patients.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of IgA nephropathy.Methods The clinical data of 2 children with IgA nephropathy were retrospectively analyzed.The pertinent literatures were reviewed.Results In 2 males aged 6 and 7 years,the clinical features were a large amount of proteinuria (mainly albumin),low serum albumin,high cholesterol,and persistent microscopic hematuria,which were in line with the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome.The effects of hormone and immunosuppressive therapy were poor.Renal pathology immunofluorescence and light microscopy findings were in accord with mild to moderate mesangial proliferative IgA nephropathy (M1E0S0T0).Electron microscope showed glomerular basement membrane lesions (layering,breakage,and uneven thickness),which could not exclude Alport syndrome.Further gene detection confirmed a pathogenic mutation of COL4A5.Conclusions It is rare that IgA nephropathy is combined IgA nephropathy at the same time.Attention should by paid to those who had a poor effect of treatment or had a related family history in IgA patients because it is possible that IgA nephropathy and IgA nephropathy may occurred at the same time.