Objective To compare the detection rate of Xpert MTB/RIF test and sputum smear and culture method, and to investigate the value of the detection of the smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods 69 patients with tuberculosis diagnosed in Tianjin Haihe Hospital from July 2014 to July 2015 were examined by fiberoptic bronchoscopy ( and check of tubercle bacillus in sputum smear negative three times ) .With final diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis patients the number of statistical smear, culture method and Xpert MTB/RIF test their tuberculosis detection rate.Results A total of 69 patients with sputum smear negative patients with final diagnosis of 54 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, confirmed 54 cases of tubercle bacillus in sputum smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients, Xpert MTB/RIF test was positive in 33 cases accounted for 61.11%(33/54).Among the 35 cases, 17 patients with Xpert MTB/RIF positive, can improve the detection rate of bacterial negative tuberculosis 31.48%(17/54), 19 cases of patients with negative smear positive, 16 cases of Xpert MTB/RIF positive, and the culture method was 84.21%(16/19).BALFXpert MTB/RIF test of tuberculosis found in 61.11%(33/54), the culture method of tuberculosis found 35.19%(19/54).The report is more than 50%, also has reached to 80%, and the selection has a great relationship.Xpert method and culture method, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The positive rate of Xpert test was positive in 2 cases of positive MTB/RIF in the patients with positive smear positive 100%.Conclusion It is a simple, rapid and accurate method to do Xpert MTB/RIF test for BALF, and it can improve the smear negative tuberculosis patients found rate of 48.75%.The positive rate of the sputum smear negative is 59.62%(14+17/35+17), which is better than that of sputum smear and culture.

Humans ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; complications ; microbiology ; Silicotuberculosis ; complications ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; complications ; microbiology

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of Zn~ 2+ -dependent endopeptidases targeting extracellular matrix (ECM) compounds as well as a number of other proteins. Their proteolytic activity acts as an effector mechanism of tissue remodeling in physiologic and pathologic conditions, and as modulator of inflammation. Recently, it has been reported that MMPs play an important role in nervous diseases including cerebral ischemia, Alzheimers disease,multiple sclerosis and Parkinson′s disease.

Objective To discuss the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in modulating immune responses in a rat renal transplantation model.Methods An in vivo trial of cytology was performed in one centre from March to December in 2008.Wistar rat donors and Lewis rat recipients in a renal transplantation model were randomly divided into 4 groups:MSCs (low dose,1 × 106 )therapy,MSCs (high dose,1 × 107) therapy,CsA monotherapy,and no therapy.Biochemistry methods were used to detect the levels of creatinine in serum.The survival time,renal grafting function and pathological changes of transplanted renal tissues were observed.Results Animal survival was significantly prolonged by MSCs (high dose) therapy and CsA monotherapy as compared with the no therapy group (both P＜0.01).Animal survival in the MSCs (low dose) therapy group was prolonged as compared with no therapy group (P＜0.01),but shortened as compared with MSCs (high dose) therapy group (P＜0.05) and CsA monotherapy group (P＜0.05).The MSCs (high dose) therapy and CsA therapy groups showed no special changes in histology,hut the control group showed acute rejection.Conclusion MSCs down-regulated immune responses,reduced production of some inflammatory mediators,preserved graft function in the initial stage after transplantation,and prolonged animal survival,and these effects were the same as those of CsA therapy with 1 × 107/day.

Grass carp reovirus (GCRV), a double stranded RNA virus that infects aquatic animals, often with disastrous effects, belongs to the genus Aquareovirus and family Reoviridea. Similar to other reoviruses, genome replication of GCRV in infected cells occurs in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, also called viral factories. Sequences analysis revealed the nonstructural protein NS80, encoded by GCRV segment 4, has a high similarity with uNS in MRV(Mammalian orthoreoviruses), which may be associated with viral factory formation. To understand the function of the uNS80 protein in virus replication, the initial expression and identification of the immunogenicity of the GCRV NS80 protein inclusion forming-related region (335.742) was investigated in this study. It is shown that the over-expressed fusion protein was produced by inducing with IPTG at 28oC. In addition, serum specific rabbit antibody was obtained by using super purified recombinant NS80(335.742) protein as antigen. Moreover, the expressed protein was able to bind to anti-his-tag monoclonal antibody (mouse) and NS80(335-742) specific rabbit antibody. Further western blot analysis indicates that the antiserum could detect NS80 or NS80C protein expression in GCRV infected cells. This data provides a foundation for further investigation of the role of NS80 in viral inclusion formation and virion assembly.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic and progressive cerebrovascular disease which is characterized by the bilateral internal carotid artery ends and (or) stenosis or occlusion of anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery initial segments,compensatory proliferation of small blood vessels in the skull base and formation of abnormal vascular network.Its etiology and pathogenesis remains unclear.The present studies speculate that MMD may be a polygenic disease,inflammation,immune response,abnormal cytokine secretion,endothelial progenitor cell change and nitric oxide level change are associated with the occurrence and development of MMD.This article reviews the advances in research on the genetics and pathophysiological mechanism of MMD.

Objective To ostimate the distribution of microorganism strains isolated from hospital ward cir-curmstanee and clinical specimens, and then proceed to inquire into their interrelation to nosocomial infection, provi-ding evidence for preventing and reducing nosocomial infection. Methods Specimens were collected from hospital circumstance and each clinical laboratory, and then made a bacterial identification and pathogen strains survey. Re-sults There was a closed correlation between the microorganism strain isolated from hospital circumstance and clini-cal infection pathogen(86%). Conclusion A series of disinfection management measures should be made and for-mulated so as to reduce the hospital infection rate as far as possible.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum osteocalcin and bone micro-structure in ovariectomized mice exposed to low-iron environment.Methods Twenty-four 12-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were divided equally into sham operation (SHAM) group,model(OVX) group,and low iron(OVX+DFO) group.In low-iron group,deferoxamine(DFO) was injected 3 times per week for 5 weeks after operation ; the other groups were injected with the same dose of 0.9％ normal saline for 5 weeks.The serum,left femur,uterus were harvested after five weeks of treatment.The serum osteocalcin and ferritin levels were measured by ELISA kit,the weight of the uterus was recorded by analytical balance.A high resolution micro-CT was used to scan the left femur for cortical bone and cancellous bone analysis.Results (1) The serum osteocalcin and serum ferritin levels in low-iron group were significantly lower than those in the other 2 groups (P＜0.01) ; (2) Compared with the sham group and ovx group,there were significant decrease of the BMD、BV/TV and Tb.N,but increase of Tb.Th and Tb.Sp in low-iron group (P＜0.01).Conclusion A certain dose of DFO (30 mg/kg) can decrease the serum ferritin levels as well as the bone formation index in ovariectomized mice.

BACKGROUND: Sodium alginate-poly-lysine can cause foreign body reaction to induce functional inactivation of the microencapsulated islets following transplantation. Can barium chloride solve this problem?OBJECTIVE: To assess the biocompat ibility of purified sodium alginate-barium chloride microcapsules and the bioactivity of the microencapsulated islets of rats.DESIGN: A randomized controlled experiments based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Department of endocrinology in a university hospital.MATERIALS: This experiment was completed in the Laboratory of Endocrinology and Department of Laboratory Animals, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University during July to December 2002. Specific pathogen-free SD and Wistar rats were provided by Center of Animal Experiment, Nanjing Medical University and Animal Experiment Center of Shanghai respectively.METHODS: Purified and non-purified sodium alginate-barium chloride microcapsules were prepared with one-step method using domestically made equipment. The microcapsule was transplanted intraperitoneally into normal SD rats and its biocompatibility was observed 4 weeks later. The bioactivity of the microencapsulated islets was also observed following transplantation in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rat models.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The recovery rate of the transplanted empty microcapsule; ② Results of bioactivity assessment of the insulin from the microencapsulated islets; ③ Histological examination.RESULTS: Four weeks after the transplantation, the recovery rate of the transplanted empty microcapsules in the purified group was higher that that in non-purified group( P > 0.05), and the purified microcapsules retained intact and smooth morphology with out causing fibrosis. The islets encapsulated by purified sodium alginate-barium chloride microcapsules showed good insulin-ecreting function in in vitro culture, without significant difference from non-microencaps ulated islets( P > 0. 05) . The islets transplanted via the microcapsules into diabetic Wistar rat models induced by STZ had a survival time over 6 weeks.CONCLUSION: The purified sodium alginate-barium chloride microcapsules have good bioactivity and tissue compatibility, which might provide a solution for the source of donor diabetic islets in the treatment of type Ⅰ diabetes.

Objective To investigate the reasons of tracheobronchial tuberculosis misdiagnosis and its clinical charac?teristics as well as the diagnostic value of bronchoscope. Methods Clinical data of 92 cases of misdiagnosis of tracheobron?chial tuberculosis by electronic bronchoscopy in our department from January 2006 to January 2012 were analyzed retrospec?tively. Bronchoscopy, endoscopic biopsy, brushing, lavage and radiological images were all compared. Results Clinical symptoms and laboratory tests showed no specificity in diagnostic value;Chest X-ray was not typical. Bronchial stenosis was seen in 45 cases(48.9%)and bronchial obstruction was seen in 6 cases(6.5%)as shown in chest CT while no abnormality in the bronchus was seen in 41 cases(44.6%). Bronchoscopy revealed 28 cases (30.4%) of inflammatory infiltration, 14 cas?es (15.2%) of necrotizing ulceration, 35 cases (38.0%) of granulation hyperplasia and 15 cases (16.3%) of Scar stricture. En?doscopic biopsy confirmed 56 cases (60.9%), while bronchoscopic brushing and examination of acid-fast bacillus approved 32 cases (34.8%). Then, bronchoscopic lavage of acid-fast bacillus verified 39 cases (42.4%). Lastly, tuberculosis bacterium culture ascertained 75 cases (81.5%). Conclusion Bronchoscopy of local lesion with brush, lavage and biopsy is the most sensitive and specific diagnostic method to diagnose tracheobronchial tuberculosis. It has great clinical value in preventing tracheobronchial tuberculosis misdiagnosis.