Objective To explore the changes of the levels of IL-8,LTB4 and its function in invasion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods The concentrations of IL-8 and LTB4 in serum and sputum were determined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in 30 cases of patients with COPD in acute aggravating stage and paracmasis and in 20 cases healthy adults.Blood routines were detected in all obstructs.Results The concentrations of IL-8 in serum and sputum in acute aggravating stage were(181.41±18.49)ng/L and(74.03±20.64)ng/L,significantly higher than those in paracmasis and the reference group(152.33±17.48)ng/L and(42.30±14.99)ng/L,P＜0.05).The concentrations of IL-8 in serum and sputum in paracmasis were significantly higher than those in reference group[(52.75±13.79)pg/ml and(17.15±5.36)ng/L,P＜0.05].The concentrations of LTB4 in sputum in acute aggravating stage were(2300.91±496.01)ng/L,significantly higher than those in paracmasis and the reference group[(1884.14±651.37)ng/L,P＜0.05].LTB4 level in acute aggravating is not significantly different from those in paracmasis and the reference group[(1941.30±301.62)ng/L and(1880.77±302.11)ng/L,P＞0.05).Conclusion Both IL-8 and LTB4 play important roles in the coupe of inflammatory reaction of air passage of COPD.

To study if the immune response in vivo induced by dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with tumor extract can inhibit the growth of implanted tumor and reject the challenge of tumor cells in nudes, we isolated and purified DC from hepato-cellcular cancer(HCC) patient with combination of granulocyte /macrophage colony stimulating factor and interleukin 4; extracted tumor-associated antigen from human hepatocellcular cancer cell line HepG2 tumor cells; initiated the T lymphocyte with DC pulsed by the TAA to product cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL); implanted the CTL to inhibit the growth of implanted tumor in nudes and protected the nudes against the further challenge of HepG2 tumor cells, and further found that the CTL induced by DC pulsed with TAA from HepG2 tumor cells can inhibit the growth of implanted tumor in nudes and protect the nudes against the further challenge of HepG2 tumor cells. The results suggest, as a new concept anti-tumor vaccine, DC pulsed by TAA may play an important role in therapy and prevent against tumor.

Objective To observe the general status and the immunity of DBA/2 mice injected with leukemia vaccine during the immune reconstitution, and to observe the survival rate of these injected mice that were then challenged by L1210 cells. Methods Normal mice and reconstituted lymphopenic mice (RLM; DBA/2 mice rendered lymphopenic with sublethal irradiation and reconstituted with naive splenocytes) were used in the vaccination and challenge experiments with L1210 cells. Results Following vaccination, a significant increase of the IFN-? was detected in the blood of vaccinated RLM compared with that of vaccinated normal mice, as assessed by ELISA. Significantly, greater protection was induced in vaccinated RLM, which led to a stronger protection from death. Conclusion The vaccination of reconstituted lymphopenic hosts could elicit superior anti-tumor immunity compared with normal hosts, highlighting the potential clinical benefit of performing tumor vaccination during immune reconstitution.

Objective To find out about the status quo of the contingent of pharmacists in medical institutions of Shanghai so as to provide basis for promoting reform in the mode of pharmacological work in the hospital and adopting the system of clinical pharmacists. Methods An investigation through questionnaires was made into over 6 000 pharmacists from 416 hospitals(28 third-tier hospitals, 52 second-tier hospitals, and 336 first-tier hospitals) with respect to their professional titles, educational backgrounds, and distribution of posts. Results On average, the number of personnel with senior or medium professional titles in third-tier hospitals was markedly higher than that in second- or first-tier hospitals; people with doctoral or master's degrees were distributed mosdy in third-tier hospitals; the proportion of personnel with senior or medium professional tides on emergency outpatient posts in second- or third-tier hospitals was lower than diat in other departments; and on average, the number of resident pharmacists per hundred beds was less than one. Conclusion There is a drastic shortage and unbalanced distribution of personnel with senior or medium professional titles in the contingent of pharmacists in Shanghai and the structures of the professional tides and educational backgrounds of the pharmacological personnel lag behind the needs for clinical pharmacological services. Efforts must be made to improve the overall quality and expertise of the contingent of pharmacists so as to get ready in terms of qualified personnel for the adoption of die system of clinical pharmacists.

Perinatal glucocorticoid therapy has been proved to be effective on promoting fetal/neonatal lung maturity and has contributed to a dramatic improvement in the mortality and morbidity associated with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.The underlying mechanisms studies are aimed primarily at accelerating the development of alveoli and pulmonary surfactant system.Meanwhile,a growing number of investigations focus on the side effects of perinatal glucocorticoid therapy on fetal/neonatal.Whether the repeat antenatal glucocorticoid and early postnatal glucocorticoid by intravenous injection is safe remains unclear.More studies are needed on the different route of giving glucocorticoid,the effect of different doses and their machanisms.This review presents the relevant information surrounding perinatal glucocorticoid therapy to enhance fetal/neonatal lung maturity,including clinical and animal studies over the last decades.

Objective To investigate the effects of percutaneous radio frequency ablation of liver cancer, and evaluate the indications, contraindications, and side effects. Methods One hundred and fifty four patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or metastases liver cancer, with the average diameter of the tumours 7.07 cm were treated with by radio frequency RF 2000TM instrument, the results were evaluated. Results Average theraputic time was 1.18 times, the theraputic point was 5.74. The symptoms were improved after therapy, and the average concentration of AFP was droped from 1 553.68 ng/ml to 883.70 ng/ml. The percentage of tumour reduction was 56.8%. There were no serious complications observed. Conclusion Percutaneous radio frequency ablation of liver cancer is a simple, safe and effective method. For larger liver cancer several times action will be needed, or other intervantion therapy is added to enhance effectiveness.

Objective To investigate the best protective solution that could maintain the cell activity and prolong the survival time of the human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) cells after break away in vitro culture case. Methods hRPE cells (stored in our laboratory) culture in DMEM/F12, added 10% FBS, EGF 20?g/L and bFGF 20?g/L, which had been cultured for more than five generations. When these culture hRPE cells had been confluenced more than 80%, the hRPE cells were harvested and placed into six kinds of protective solutions (balanced salt solution, Quinn's advantage medium, physiological salt solution, 18-amino acid solution, 5% glucose solution, artificial cerebrospinal fluid), then the cells were stained with the Annexin V /FITC, and the numbers of cell death and cell apoptosis were detected with the fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). The hRPE cells were in six kinds of protective solutions and were investigated at three different times from 2 hours to 8 hours. Results The result presented as follows: At the room temperature, the hRPE cells in all six kinds of protective solutions occurred necrosis within 30 minutes. To investigate the state at 4℃, in a duration of 2 hours, the apoptosis rate in the group of balanced salt solution was lowest (0.9%); As compared with the group of balanced salt solution, the apoptosis rate of artificial cerebrospinal presented a great difference (P

Objective: To strengthen the immunogenicity of hepatocarcinoma cells and activate immnological cells recognizing and killing the tumor cells.Methods:The murine MHC-I gene H-2Kb which can express immunologial rejection antigens was transfected into human hepatocarcinoma cells HepG2 by liposome DNA mediated gene gene transfer.The transfection of H-2Kb gene were detected by molecular hybridization techniues.The exogeous antigens expressed on the membrane of trans- fected tumor cells were detected with ABC immunohistochemical method and flow cytometer. [3H] release assays were used to detect the recognizing and killing effects of lymphocytes to HepG2 cells transferred with murine H-2Kb gene. The nude mice ex- periment was used to further verify CTL cells killing active.Results:Southern blot hybridization showed that the H-2Kb gene was integrated into the chromosome of HepG2 cells. The RNA dot blot hybridization showed that there was transcription of H-2Kb DNA in the transfected tumor cells.ABC immunohistochemical method and flow cytometer detection showed that the murine H-2Kb antigens were expressed on the membrane of HepG2 cells. [3H] release assays showed that the cytotoalcyty to HepG2 cells fected with H-2Kb gene was obviously higher than that to control cells.The results demonstrated that the growth of hepatocarcino- ma cells which were transferred with H-2Kb gene was obviously inhibited.Conclusion:The murine MHC-I gene H-2Kb could be transferred into the human hepatocinoma cells and expressed on the membrane of transferred cells.The HepG2 cells transferred with H-2Kb gene could induce human effective lymphocytes to recognize and kill these transferred tumor cells.

cer.

A total of 296 patients were randomly divided into short message group (n =153) and non short message group (n =143).The former group received short message service (SMS) for follow-ups while the latter group had routine oral follow-ups.The return visit rate,recall rate of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),HbAlc level and glucose control rate for diabetics were assessed after one-year follow-up.The return visit rate (96％) and recall rate of HbAlc (78％) in the short message group were significantly higher than those in the non-short message group (59％,25％,P ＜0.01 for both).The HbAlc level after one-year follow-up (6.51 ± 0.74) ％ was lower than that one year before (6.85 ± 1.26) ％ in the short message group.The glucose control rate after one year (82％) were significantly higher than that one year before in the short message group (65％) and that after one year in the non-short message group(59％,P ＜ 0.01).Use of SMS platform system for follow-ups and health education can effectively improve the return visit rate and glucose control rate,lower the HbA1c level.in diabetics.