OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the accountability of civil liability induced by different causes.METHODS:Literature retrieval and case study were applied to analyze the civil liability of pharmaceutical manufacturers and medical institution in medication misadventures.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:At present it is difficult for patients who suffered from medication misadventures caused by drug quality defects,drug adverse reaction or medication errors to claim.The main reasons are imperfect relevant law system and the vacancy of compensation mechanism of drug-induced injury events.It is suggested to establish technology institution for evaluating medication misadventures,state relief and compensation system and encourage pharmaceutical manufacturers to buy products liability insurance.

Objective:To explore the significance of multiple detector spiral CT multi-phase enhanced scan in differentiating liver tumors.Methods: A total of 141 patients, during from March 2011 to May 2015 in our hospital, pathologically diagnosed as liver tumors were selected to undergo multiple detector spiral CT multi-phase enhanced scan. The different performances and results in CT plain and enhanced scan for diagnosing liver cancer were observed and the sensitivity of CT multi-phase enhanced scan was analyzed.Results: 93 cases were found in CT plain scan; 141 cases were found in the arterial phase, 112 cases were found in portal venous phase and 108 cases were found in extension period in CT multi-phase enhanced scan. The lesion detection rate of CT plain scan was significantly lower than whichever of CT multi-phase enhanced scan(P<0.05); under CT multi-phase enhanced scan, the majority of lesions were typical imaging and could be diagnosed. Using CT multi-phase enhanced scan, the sensitivity of hemangiomas was 88.9%, abscess was 71.4%, focal nodular hyperplasia was 83.3%, primary liver cancer was 81.6%, and liver metastases was 97.8%; the total accuracy was 88.7%.Conclusion: The multiple detector spiral CT multi-phase enhanced scan can accurately identify liver tumor lesion stages, and it can contribute to further clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a set of scientific,standard management model and rational,impartial financial system in Chinese institutes for drug control.METHODS:The types of the established institutions and the financial appropriation model of institutes for drug control in China were studied by using the methods of classification,comparison and analysis.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Under super-ministry system,local management in drug control institutions at all levels is expected to be put into practice soon.It is advisable to optimize the organization and management model and financial appropriation management system such as by shifting from county level institution to district level institution and carrying out a wage system in drug control institutes in accordance with the payment level of civil servants,etc.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of loss of a spouse on self-rated health among middle-aged and elderly populations in China, so as to provide insights into health promotion among middle-aged and elderly populations with loss of a spouse. Methods: Based the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database, married and separated individuals or individuals with loss of a spouse at ages of 45 years and older and with monthly household consumption of no less than 100 yuan were enrolled. Subjects' age, gender, educational levels, marital status, monthly household consumption, number of chronic diseases and self-rated health were collected. Subjects were classified according to loss of a spouse, and the impact of loss of a spouse on self-rated health was evaluated among middle-aged and elderly populations using propensity score matching (PSM). In addition, heterogeneity test was performed to evaluate the gender- and educational level-stratified impacts. Results: Totally 3 272 valid subjects were enrolled, including 1 618 men (49.45%) and 1 654 women (50.55%), and there were 512 subjects with loss of a spouse (15.65%). There were 656 subjects with very good self-rated health (20.05%), 622 with good health (19.01%), 1 534 with fair health (46.88%), 376 with poor health (11.49%) and 84 with very poor health (2.57%). There were 3 152 couples with successful nearest neighbor matching, and there was no significant difference between the subjects with and without loss of a spouse after adjustment for variables (P>0.05), while the overall fitting degree of the model was good following matching. PSM showed that the self-rated health became poor following loss of a spouse among middle-aged and elderly populations, with average treatment effect (ATT) of 0.055 to 0.061, and a remarkably negative effect of loss of a spouse on self-rated health was seen in women, with ATT of 0.192 to 0.223, while no remarkable effect was seen in men. Loss of a spouse showed a remarkably negative effect on self-rated health among individuals receiving junior and senior high educations, with ATT of 0.048 to 0.057, but presented no remarkable effect on self-rated health among individuals receiving primary educations. Conclusions Loss of a spouse presents a negative effect on self-rated health among middle-aged and elderly populations, and remarkably negative effects are seen among women and individuals receiving high educational levels.

The chemical constituents of the marine sponge Haliclona sp. collected from the South China Sea have been studied. An alkanoid 1 and an aryl acid 2 were isolated from the marine sponge and the structure of 1 and 2 were respectively elucidated as 1,3 -dimethylxanthine and p - hydroxybenzoic acid by spectroscopic analysis and elemental analysis.

Heart Valve Diseases ; therapy ; Humans

Object To study the volatile constituents in the TCM preparation "Pao Chai Pill" made in Yangcheng (Guangzhou) (YPCP) in comparison with that made in Hongkong (HPCP) to gain some insight for the renewal of YPCP to a new dosage form Methods The volatile constituents were extracted with the aid of ultrasonic wave in organic solvent, and identified by GC-MS and elucidated on the standard MS data Their relative contents in percentage were calculated by area normalization Results 24 and 20 volatile constituents were identified in YPCP and HPCP respectively Conclusion YPCP showed more rich in sesquiterpene lactones but less sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene alcohols than HPCP

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method of determination of midecamycin A1 in midecamycin tablets METHODS:This method used C18 column as stationary phase,0 1mol/L ammonium formate solution-acetonitrile(80∶55) as mobile phase and 232nm as detection wavelength RESULTS:There was a good linear correlation in the range of 0 5～8mg/ml,r=0 9 995,S=5 989C-24 65,RSD=1 4%(n=5) The mean recovery was 99 35% and RSD=1 2%(n=6) CONCLUSION:The method is simple and easy to do and may be adopted for quality control of this drug

Objective To investigate somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2) mRNA expression and its correlation with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in human colorectal cancer. Methods A total of 60 colorectal cancer samples were analyzed. The SSTR2 mRNA expression was examined by in situ hybridization (ISH) using multiphase oligoprobes. The PCNA were detected by immunohistochemical staining. A computerized image analysis system was utilized to estimate the relative contents of SSTR2 mRNA. Results The positive rate of expression of SSTR2 mRNA and relative contents in early and well-differentiated colorectal cancer were higher than those in advanced and poorly differentiated lesion. A negative correlation between SSTR2 mRNA expression and PCNA was found in colorectal cancer. Conclusion In the samples of colorectal cancer, the expression of SSTR2 mRNA is correlated with the degree of differentiation and clinical stage, and it plays an important role in reflecting the degree of malignancy and prognosis.