Objective To explore the effect of autophagy regulator on the injury of rat hippocampal neurons induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD).Methods Rat hippocampal neurons were cultivated in primary and subjected to OGD to simulate neuronal hypoxic ischemia injury for 2 hours or 6 hours followed by reperfusion for 12 hours with or without 3-methyladenine (3-MA, 20μmol/L) or rapamycin (0.2μmol/L). The morphology of neurons was observed with optical microscope. The expression of autophagy-related protein (LC3, P62) and apoptosis-related protein (cleaved caspase-3) were assessed by Western Blot analysis. The apoptosis of neurons was detected by flow cytometry, the release rate of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was calculated by automatic biochemical analyzer, and the cell activity was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay.Results Compared with the control group, the expression of LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ (gray value: 3.091±0.160, 3.422±0.186 vs. 0.256±0.021), cleaved caspase-3 (gray value: 0.230±0.025, 0.440±0.051 vs. 0.050±0.007), neuronal apoptotic rate, LDH release rate [(38.50±4.15)%, (59.60±5.65)% vs. (12.40±1.32)%] were increased, while the expression of P62 (gray value: 0.290±0.025,0.120±0.026 vs. 0.450±0.040), neuronal activity [(71.40±7.23)%, (42.80±4.12)% vs. (100.30±2.30)%] were decreased at 2 hours or 6 hours after OGD (allP < 0.05). When the time of OGD was 2 hours and it was combined with 3-MA, the expression of LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ (gray value: 2.281±0.121), the neuronal activity [(51.10±5.73)%] were decreased, while the expression of P62 and cleaved caspase-3 (gray scale: 0.410±0.037, 0.330±0.027, respectively), neuronal apoptotic rate, the injury of neurons [LDH release rate: (47.30±4.43)%] were increased (allP < 0.05). When the time of OGD was 2 hours and it was combined with rapamycin, the expression of LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ (gray value: 3.689±0.214), the neuronal activity [(85.30±8.56)%] were increased, while the expression of P62 and cleaved caspase-3 (gray value: 0.170±0.040, 0.090±0.096, respectively), neuronal apoptotic rate, the injury of neurons [LDH release rate: (24.30±2.14)%] were decreased (allP < 0.05). On the contrary, when the time of OGD was 6 hours and it was combined with 3-MA, the expression of LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ and cleaved caspase-3 (gray value: 3.021±0.178, 0.240±0.017), neuronal apoptotic rate, the injury of neurons [LDH release rate: (36.60±3.45)%] were decreased, while the expression of P62 (gray value: 0.350±0.060), the neuronal activity [(59.70±6.13)%] were increased (allP < 0.05). When the time of OGD was 6 hours and it was combined with rapamycin, the expression of LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ and cleaved caspase-3 (gray value: 3.923±0.201, 0.590±0.062), neuronal apoptotic rate, the injury of neurons [LDH release rate:(71.20±7.81)%] were increased, while the expression of P62 (gray value: 0.070±0.008), the neuronal activity [(27.30±2.12)%] were decreased (allP < 0.05).Conclusion The enhancement of autophagy has protective effect on neurons under the condition of mild OGD, while it can aggravate the injury of neurons induced by a long-time OGD.

Purpose To investigate the topological structure differences between the migraine patients group and the normal control group by using resting-state brain complex networks constructed based on graph theory. Materials and Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset were obtained from 22 migraine patients and 22 normal subjects. The functional complex networks of the two groups were constructed, and parameters including average clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, small worldness, assortativity, and betweenness of the two groups were respectively calculated. Results When compared with the parameters of normal control group, average clustering coefficient of migraine patients group was larger, small worldness and assortativity were also changed. The characteristic path length of the caudate nucleus and putamen areas presented abnormal in the migraine patients group. Betweenness centrality of the thalamus, inferior occipital gyrus and occipital gyrus increased in the migraine patients group. Conclusion The abnormal brain regions in the migraine patients group were mainly associated with pain processing, visual processing and sensory information relay. This study may contribute to better understanding and interpreting corresponding clinical condition of migraine.

Objective To observe the effect of inhibiting the abnormal activation of cdc2 gene on the coordination of mice with Niemann-Pick disease type C(NPC).Methods Recombinant adeno-associated virus(rAAV) encoding cdc2-siRNA was packaged,and then was injected into the cerebellum of 2 weeks old npc-/-mice.Footprint test and vertical screen test were performed to assess the coordination of mice at the age of 8 weeks.Purkinje cells visualized by HE staining in cerebellum were counted,and the phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein Tau recognized by PHF-1 antibody was detected by immunoblotting technology.Results (1) Footprint test showed that the stride length in cdc2-siRNA npc-/-group((4.92±0.31)cm) was markedly longer than that in empty vector npc-/-group((4.05 ± 0.19) cm) (P＜ 0.05).(2) Vertical screen test showed that the latency to turn head upwards or reach the upper edge of the screen in cdc2-siRNA npc-/-group((26.01± 1.82) s,(50.93±1.98) s) was significantly shorter than that in the empty vector npc-/-group ((31.96± 3.47) s,(56.89 ± 2.97) s),respectively (P＜ 0.05 for all comparisons).(3) The number of Purkinje cells in cerebellum was dramatically increased in cdc2-siRNA npc-/-group(11.0±2.5) compared with the empty vector npc-/-group (5.1 ± 2.2) (P＜0.05).(4)The relative optical densities of cdc2 and phosphorylated Tau immunoreactive bands in cdc2-siRNA npc-/-group(1.42±0.22,0.95±0.31)were significantly lower than those in the empty vector npc-/-group(2.11±0.29,2.61±0.62),respectively (P＜0.05 for all comparisons).Conclusion Inhibiting the abnormal activation of cdc2 gene can improve the coordination of npc-/-mice by ameliorating Purkinje cell's loss and reducing the hyperphosphorylation of Tau in cerebellum.

Health management in the new era is significantly different from previous practices in terms of connotation, denotation, content, efficiency, and organizational framework. New health management systems utilize Internet technology, Internet of things, and artificial intelligence in order to manage individuals′ health in a comprehensive way. Reviewing the development of health management domestically and abroad, this article elaborates the connotations of health management and proposes that health management under the Healthy China strategy should focus on a combination of clinical care and prevention.

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is the most common complication of spinal osteoporosis, mostly occurring in thoracolumbar segment, which can cause acute and chronic pain at the fracture site and loss of vertebral height, and can lead to progressive kyphosis. For kyphosis caused by old OVCF, open surgery such as anterior or posterior decompression and fusion, internal fixation and osteotomy can improve local sequence and achieve satisfactory kyphotic correction which is difficult to complete in percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP), and reconstruct the sagittal balance. Due to the older age of OVCF patients, some of them have poor general conditions. In addition, osteoporosis leads to increased vertebral fragility, which increases the risk of surgery and postoperative internal fixation failure. The anterior approach presents some problems including a complex approach and poor mechanical stability. At present, most studies focus on posterior surgery. Due to the limitation of kyphosis correction by decompression and fixation alone, osteotomy is often required to correct kyphosis. In cases of old OVCF with kyphosis, the screw holding capability decreases due to the decrease of bone mineral density. Additionally, once the screw loosens, the orthopedic effect is inevitably affected. To enhance pedicle screws, most studies have utilized bone cement to increase the axial pullout force of the vertebral body and improve screw stability. The selection from different osteotomy methods is a critical determinant in achieving favorable surgical outcomes for patients.

We report a case of a newborn baby who suffered from hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn (HDFN) caused by anti-Di a. The baby presented with worsening jaundice started at three hours after birth and was transferred to Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital. The newborn's hemoglobin (Hb) was 82 and 76 g/L at five and nine hours after birth, and the total bilirubin (TBIL) was 243.2 and 309.8 μmol/L, respectively. Blood samples of the newborn and the parents were collected for HDFN immunohematology test twelve hours after birth. They showed that the newborn and the father's blood type was A and RhDCCee, while the mother was A and RhDCcee. Direct antiglobulin test (DAT) indicateda strong positive for the newborn and negative for the parents. The reaction of the reagent to red blood cells for antibody screening with the patient's plasma, red cells eluate, and the mother's plasma were all negative, but were positive with the father's red blood cells. The newborn was recovered after treating with phototherapy, intravenous immunoglobulins and urgent blood exchange (the exchanged blood was the same ABO and RhD blood type and cross-matched). The newborn's plasma and red cells eluate were collected before blood exchange, and the mother's plasma were used to assess the red blood cells reaction, and IgG anti-Di a was identified in each sample. Di a blood typing was positive for the newborn and the father, and negative for the mother. Therefore, the newborn was diagnosed as HDFN caused by anti-Di a.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and risk factors associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. METHODS: A retrospective case control study was done in patients who underwent cardiac surgery from 2003 to 2007 in Second Xiangya Hospital, with 340 patients in an AKI group and the other 4 760 patients without AKI as a control group. All variables were analyzed by univariate analysis, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression. RESULTS: AKI occurred in the 340 patients (6.7% incidence). Univariate analysis revealed that age, preoperative serum creatinine, preoperative ejection fraction (EF), preoperative beta2-microglobulin, preoperative blood albumin, preoperative blood uric acid, intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass time, intraoperative aortic cross-clamp time, and dosage of mannitol were significantly related to AKI following cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that preoperative serum creatinine (P<0.001), preoperative ejection fraction (EF) (P<0.001), preoperative beta2-microglobulin (P=0.002), preoperative blood uric acid (P=0.015), intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass time (P<0.001), and intraoperative aortic cross-clamp time (P<0.001) were independent risk factors for AKI. CONCLUSION The incidence of AKI after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation is closely related with a variety of perioperative risk factors. Our data suggest that patients planning to accept cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation should be more comprehensively assessed and monitored, thereby preventing the occurrence of AKI.
Acute Kidney Injury ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; adverse effects ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and tolerability of 1-week 1％ terbinafine hydrochloride cream, 1- and 4-week 2％ miconazole nitrate cream in the treatment of interdigital tinea pedis, and to observe the relapse in patients treated with these regimens. MethodsA multi-center, randomized, double-blind and parallel group study was conducted. By using a stratified randomization protocol, patients were divided into 3 groups to apply terbinafine cream twice daily for 1 week and inert cream(placebo) for the next 3 weeks (1week terbinafine group), miconazole cream twice daily for 1 week and inert cream(placebo) for the next 3 weeks (1-week miconazole group), and miconazole cream twice daily for 4 weeks (4-week miconazole group),respectively. Clinical and mycological assessment was made on week 1, 3, 4, 6, 9 and 12 after the initiation of treatment. ResultsA total of 152 patients with positive baseline mycological culture were eligible for the efficacy analysis. After 4-week treatment, the mycological cure rates were 94.7％, 87.8％ and 82.6％, global effective rates 89.5％, 81.6％ and 63.0％, respectively for the 1-week terbinafine group, 4-week miconazole group and 1-week miconazole group. On week 12, the mycological relapse rates in 1-week terbinafine, 4-week miconazole and 1-week miconazole group were 13％, 14％ and 21％ respectively, and the incidence of adverse reaction was 2.38％, 2.38％ and 3.57％, respectively. ConclusionsAs far as the efficacy and recurrence in patients are concerned, the 1-week terbinafine cream regimen is similar to the 4-week miconazole cream regimen for the treatment of interdigital tinea pedis.

The ideological and political construction of medical courses reveals the educational essence of "truth, goodness, and beauty" in medicine. Scientificity and humanity are the embodiment of "seeking truth" and "advocating goodness" in medicine, and the unity of their content and form reaches the highest level of "advocating beauty". Studying the ideological and political construction of medical courses plays an important role in implementing the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education, and carrying out the Healthy China initiative. In terms of teaching objectives, the goals of ideological and political education in medical courses should not only include the goals of basic literacy goals, such as political literacy, cultural literacy, legal literacy, and moral cultivation, but also include professional literacy goals, such as medical humanistic cultivation. Thus, a "five in one" model of ideological and political education in medical courses will be established. In the practical path, it is suggested to explore from five aspects that changing the educational concept and strengthening the educational awareness, establishing teaching objectives and clarifying education direction, digging deeply into the ideological and political elements and clearing teaching content, innovating teaching methods and improving teaching effectiveness, and constructing evaluation indicators and evaluating teaching effectiveness scientifically.

The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway plays important roles in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis and the gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment (TME). Aberrant HH signaling activation may accelerate the growth of gastrointestinal tumors and lead to tumor immune tolerance and drug resistance. The interaction between HH signaling and the TME is intimately involved in these processes, for example, tumor growth, tumor immune tolerance, inflammation, and drug resistance. Evidence indicates that inflammatory factors in the TME, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interferon-