AIM:To explore the characteristics of hepatitis B virus S gene mutation in the vertical transmission after active and passive vaccination .METHODS:Fifteen cases of immunoprophylaxis failure were enrolled in the study . HBV S gene (including pres-S and S) from the mothers, newborns before active and passive vaccination and 7-month-old infants with immunoprophylaxis failure were detected by PCR amplification .The characteristics of HBV S gene mutation were compared among the 3 groups.RESULTS: The genotype of HBV in the newborns and the infants was the same as that in the mothers .The frequencies of mutation in the 2 fragments of the HBV S gene had no significant difference between the 3 groups.The homology tree model based on HBV S gene was analyzed in the 3 groups, in which every group had their own cluster.There were 15 different mutation sites between 7 pairs of mothers and newborns .There were 3 different muta-tion sites between 3 pairs of newborns and infants (nt273A→A/G, nt512C→C/T and nt1139C→A), among which the first 2 were located in the S gene region but not in the “a” determinant , and the latter was located in the overlap region of S and X genes .There were 25 different mutation sites between 9 pairs of mothers and infants , but only 1 case had a differ-ent mutation site between the mother , newborn and infant .CONCLUSION: The HBV species in newborns and infants with immunoprophylaxis failure were transmitted from the mothers .The mutations in the HBV S gene with immunoprophy-laxis failure happened before and after active and passive vaccination , mainly before vaccination .The relationship between HBV S gene mutations and immunoprophylaxis failure should be further explored .

To determine the content of dendrobine in Dendrobium nobile from different harvest times and plant parts, to research the inherent rule about it. GC with internal standard was used to determine. The content of dendrobine had significant differences in different periods and parts. The dendrobine content is higher in four-year root than in three-year root. The dendrobine content in the upper segment of stem is the highest, secondly is in the middle seg-ment, and in the low segment is the lowest. This offered evidence to determine the most appropriate harvest time and fair use of different parts for D.nobil.

Objective:To explore the effects of microRNA-126 (miR-126) on the proliferation of human myeloid leukemia mononuclear cells (THP-1)-derived macrophages in high glucose environment and the regulatory role of miR-126 in periodontitis with diabetes.Methods:THP-1 cells were cultured in vitro and 5 μg/L phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate was applied to induce THP-1 cells differentiating into macrophages for 48 h in low glucose culture medium (5.5 mmol/L). THP-1-derived macrophages were then cultured with low glucose, medium glucose (15 mmol/L) or high glucose (25 mmol/L) media respectively. The proliferation of THP-1-derived macrophages was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method and the expressions of miR-126 and proliferation-associated factors were detected by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). The miR-126 mimic or inhibitor was transfected into THP-1-derived macrophages for 72 h. The proliferation of cells was detected by CCK-8 method and the expressions of miR-126 or proliferation-associated factors were detected by qRT-PCR. Results:Increasing glucose concentration decreased the proliferation of THP-1-derived macrophages (day 7, A values in low, medium and high glucose groups were 0.369±0.014, 0.214±0.009 and 0.200±0.010, respectively, P<0.01) as well as the survival rate ( P<0.05), promoted the expression of miR-126, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (BAX) and caspase-3 ( P<0.05), and suppressed Bcl-2, phosphoinositol-3 kinase regulatory subunit 2 (PIK3R2) expression ( P<0.05). After the miR-126 mimic was transfected in cells in low glucose medium for 72 h, compared with negative control (1.005±0.118), the expression of miR-126 significantly increased (2 980.227±170.431, P<0.05), and the proliferation of THP-1 derived macrophages decreased (negative control: 1.816±0.013, mimic group: 1.310±0.048, P<0.01), the level of BAX and caspase-3 significantly increased ( P<0.01, P<0.05), PIK3R2 and Bcl-2 significantly decreased ( P<0.05, P<0.01). After the miR-126 inhibitor was transfected in cells cultured in high glucose medium for 72 h, compared with negative control (0.723±0.133), the proliferation of inhibitor group increased (0.984±0.049, P<0.05), the level of BAX and caspase-3 significantly decreased ( P<0.01, P<0.05), PIK3R2 and Bcl-2 significantly increased ( P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusions:High glucose condition can inhibit the proliferation of THP-1-derived macrophages and increase the expression of miR-126. MiR-126 can inhibit the proliferation of THP-1-derived macrophages in high glucose environment through up-regulating the expression of BAX and caspase-3 and down-regulating the expression of PIK3R2 and Bcl-2.

Objective To explore the main sources of work stress of new nurses in children′s hospital, to analyze the causes, and to provide reference for managers to find out reasonable ways of reducing work stress in new nurses. Methods Phenomenological method was used to explore stress experience of new nurses. A total of 10 new nurses were interviewed by semi-structured talk. Topics were refined by reading, analyzing, reflecting, classifying and refining the interview data. Results Four main stress topics of new nurses included professional knowledge and skills, nature of work, performance evaluation and interpersonal relationship. Conclusions New nurses have great stress at work. Managers should find reasonable ways to relieve their stress, provide help for them, make them adapt to the new environment and work as soon as possible, enhance the sense of ownership and provide better service for patients.

With the increasing cost of drug development and clinical trials, it is of great value to make full use of all kinds of data to improve the efficiency of drug development and to provide valid information for medication guidelines. Model-based meta-analysis (MBMA) combines mathematical models with meta-analysis to integrate information from multiple sources (preclinical and clinical data, etc.) and multiple dimensions (targets/mechanisms, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, diseases/indications, populations, regimens, biomarkers/efficacy/safety, etc.), which not only provides decision-making for all key points of drug development, but also provides effective information for rational drug use and cost-effectiveness analysis. The classical meta-analysis requires high homogeneity of the data, while MBMA can combine and analyze the heterogeneous data of different doses, different time courses, and different populations through modeling, so as to quantify the dose-effect relationship, time-effect relationship, and the relevant impact factors, and thus the efficacy or safety features at the level of dose, time and covariable that have not been involved in previous studies. Although the modeling and simulation methods of MBMA are similar to population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (Pop PK/PD), compared with Pop PK/PD, the advantage of MBMA is that it can make full use of literature data, which not only improves the strength of evidence, but also can answer the questions that have not been proved or can not be answered by a single study. At present, MBMA has become one of the important methods in the strategy of model-informed drug development (MIDD). This paper will focus on the application value, data analysis plan, data acquisition and processing, data analysis and reporting of MBMA, in order to provide reference for the application of MBMA in drug development and clinical practice.