OBJECTIVE:To analyze the correlation between the consumption amount of antimicrobial agents and antibiotic resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) in our hospital for clinical reference of rational use of antimicrobial agents.METHODS:The antibiotic resistance rate of PA and the consumption amount of anti-PA antimicrobial agents in our hospital from 2001 to 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.The correlation between the two was statistical analyzed by using SPSS12.0.RESULTS:The antibiotic resistance rate of PA increased year by year.However,the DDDs of the antimicrobial agents assumed diversified change.The antibiotic resistance rate of PA was positively correlated with the consumption amount of piperacillin/tazobactam(TZP),meropenem(MPM),ciprofloxacin(CIP) and moxifloxacin(MOX).CONCLUSION:The antibiotic resistance rate of PA showed an increasing trend in our hospital and which was positively correlated with the consumption sum of multi-kind of antimicrobial agents.

AIM:To study the pharmacological action of Zhikang Capsule (Herba et Radix, Paederiae scandentis, etc.) METHODS: To establish the model of anus injury in the rectal position on rabbit, anti-inflammation and analgesia effect in rats and mice were observed by carrageen and hot-plate method, and inflammatory mediator PGE_2 of rat paw edema was analysed. RESULTS: Zhikang Capsule had the obvious effect to help heal and recover the anus injury in the rectal position and it could inhibit rats’ thorax leukocytoplania and rat paw edema of Garrageenan-induced and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in mice. The exudation of blood capillaryies and the contents of inflammatory medium PGE_2 were lowered and improved in the pain threshold. CONCLUSION: Zhikang Capsule has the obvious effect on the healing and recovery of the anus injury in the rectal position, its anti-inflammiting effect is related to the decrease in the exudation of blood capillaries and the contents of inflammatory medium PGE_2.

OBJECTIVE:To understand the proportion of university faculty suffering from hypertension,and the regularity,ratio-nality and affordability of antihypertensive drugs under closed medical environment. METHODS:Empirical research and research methods were adopted to collect indicators during 2011-2014,such as average daily wage in Wuhan,the total number of staff in Wuhan University,the number of staff with hypertension,antihypertensive drugs amount/DDDs ranking ratio,affordability ratio,relative av-erage affordability, etc. The rationality and affordability of antihypertensive drug prices were evaluated. RESULTS:During 2011-2014,the prevalence rate of hypertension in the staff were about 23%,and the proportion increased year by year;the annual in-crease of antihypertensive drug amount was larger than that of the number of patients;the type of antihypertensive drugs with affordabil-ity ratio>1 in 4 years was ARB varieties,and affordability ratio of other drugs was less than 1. CONCLUSIONS:More than half of drugs is high in price,that result in heavy burden of patients receiving ARB;on the whole,antihypertensive drugs are affordable of the teaching staff of Wuhan University.

Objective To explore the clinical value of laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy in repeat surgery for hepatolithiasis. Methods The clinical data on 86 patients who had undergone repeat surgery for hepatolithiasis during January 2010 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. 36 patients received laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy(laparoscopy group),while 50 patients received laparotomy(laparotomy group). Surgical duration,intraoperative blood loss,intraoperative transfusion,stone clearance rates,length of postopera-tive hospital stay,and rate of complications were observed and analyzed. Results There were no significant differ-ences in surgical duration,intraoperative blood loss,intraoperative transfusion,stone clearance rates,and rate of complications between the two groups(P>0.05). Length of postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the laparoscopy group than in the laparotomy group(P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in recurrence rates of stone and cholangitis within the follow-up period(P>0.05). Conclusions Use of laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy in repeat surgery for hepatolithiasis is safe and feasible and has a satisfactory efficacy.

Objective To investigate the application effect of pelvic rocking with balloon bionic midwifery in head dystocia. Methods Prospective research method was selected, and 400 pregnant women with head dystocia were divided into 2 groups by random digits table method with 200 cases each. The observation group was given pelvic rocking with balloon bionic midwifery delivery, and the control group was given gauge and comfortable posture with manual rotation fetal head delivery. The labor stage and delivery outcome were observed in two groups. Results The rate of successfully correct the fetal position was 91.00%(182/200) in observation group and 65.00%(130/200) in control group,and there was significant difference between 2 groups, χ2=39.394,P<0.01. The cesarean section rate was 7.00%(14/200) in observation group and 27.00%(54/200) in control group,and there was significant difference between 2 groups, χ2=113.119,P<0.01. The first, second and total labor stage were (8.86 ±2.20), (0.72 ±0.52), (9.78 ±2.82) h in observation group and (12.60±2.10), (1.02±0.82), (13.83±3.01) h in control group, and there were significant differences between 2 groups, t=15.684,4.058,12.609, P<0.01. The incidence of episiotomy, perineal laceration of Ⅱ degree, fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia and postpartum hemorrhage were 17.20%(32/186), 6.45%(12/186), 1.00%(2/200), 0, (150.80 ±43.54) ml in observation group, and 42.47%(62/146), 41.48%(61/146), 9.00%(18/200), 3.00%(6/200), (254.60±83.50) ml, and there were significant differences between 2 groups, P <0.01 or 0.05. Conclusions Pelvic rocking with balloon bionic midwifery can effectively correct the fetal position, reduce head dystocia and cesarean section rate, shorten the first labor stage, the second labor stage, reduce the occurrence of complication of mother and infant.

Objective To investigate the expression of lymphotoxin-β and its receptor in the skin of a mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).Methods BALB/c female mice at 6 to 8 weeks of age were randomly divided into the experiment group (n =15) and normal control group (n =10).Topical 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB,0.5％) was used to establish a model of ACD in the experiment group followed by challenge with DNFB (0.2％) at the right external ear on the 6th day.The normal control mice remained untreated.The right external ear was resected from all of the mice 24 hours after the challenge and divided into 2 parts for the measurement of mRNA and protein expressions of lymphotoxin-β and lymphotoxin-βreceptor by fluorescence-based real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry,respectively.Results The median mRNA expression levels of lymphotoxin-β and lymphotoxin-β receptor were 3.630 and 1.148respectively in the experimental mice,with the interquartile range being 1.187 and 0.617 respectively,and were both 1.000 in the control mice with the interquartile range being both 0.000.There was a significant difference between the experimental and control group in the mRNA expression levels of lymphotoxin-β and lymphotoxin-β receptor (P ＜ 0.01 ).Immunohistochemistry showed a significant increase in the expression of lymphotoxin-β and lymphotoxin-β receptor proteins in the experimental group compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion There is an increment in the mRNA and protein expressions of lymphotoxin-β and lymphotoxin-β receptor in the lesions of ACD in mice.

ostic sensitivity and specificity of EUS are high in distinguishing benign and malignant character of upper digestive tract GIMTs. EUS plays an important role in guiding the clinical management of upper digestive tract GIMTs.

Objective:To study the protective effects of sea buckthorn polysaccharide extracts on lipopolysaccharide( LPS)/D-galactosa mine ( D-GalN )-induced liver injury in mice and investigate the regulation on hepatic TLR4 and SOCS3 expression.Methods:C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into six groups:control group,model group,dexamethasone positive control group, low, medium and high dose group of sea buckthorn polysaccharide.Mice in the sea buckthorn polysaccharides low, medium and high dose group were gavaged with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg sea buckthorn polysaccharide extracts for 14 days respectively.Acute liver injury model were established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS(10 μg/kg) and D-GalN (700 mg/kg).The mice in the dexamethasone positive control group were intraperitoneally injected with dexamethasone (10 mg/kg) before model estab-lishment.Serum and liver samples were collected after model establishment for 4 h .Serum levels of ALT and AST were detected.Histological changes of liver tissue were observed by HE staining.Hepatic expression of TLR4 and SOCS3 was detected by Western blot.Results:Sea buckthorn polysaccharide significantly inhibited LPS/D-GalN-induced elevation in serum levels of ALT and AST.It also alleviated liver cell injury and inflammatory infiltration.Western blot results showed that sea buckthorn polysaccharide inhibited LPS/D-GalN-induced TLR4 expression.SOCS3 expression was not dramatically influenced by sea buckthorn polysaccharide supplementation.Conclusion:Sea buckthorn polysaccharide protects against LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury.This protective effects may be achieved by inhibiting the expression of TLR4 but not associated with modulation on SOCS3 expression.

Objective:To explore the inhibitory effects of seabuckthorn polysaccharide on hepatic oxidative stress in a mice model of acute liver injury induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS and D -GalN and detect the expression on hepatic BCL-2/Bax and PPAR-γ.Methods: C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into six groups:control group ( CTRL), model group ( L/G), dexamethasone positive control group ( DXM ) , low ( SPL ) , medium ( SPM ) and high dose group ( SPH ) of seabuckthorn polysaccharide.Mice in the SPL,SPM and SPH group were gavaged with 50,100 and 200 mg/kg seabuckthorn polysaccharide for 14 days respectively.Acute liver injury model were established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 μg/kg) and D-GalN (700 mg/kg) .Serum and liver samples were collected 4 h after model establishment .Serum levels of ALT and AST and the content of MDA were de-tected.Hepatic expression of SOD 2 BCL-2 and Bax was determined by Western blot and the expression of PPAR-γwas detected by im-munohistochemistry .Results:ALT and AST levels significantly increased in the model group and decreased dose-dependently after pre-treatment with seabuckthorn polysaccharide .The level of MDA in the model group increased significantly as compared with the control group and decreased in seabuckthorn polysaccharide groups ,while the level of SOD 2 decreased in the model group and recovered in sea-buckthorn polysaccharide groups .The expression of Bax decreased after pretreatment with seabuckthorn polysaccharide .There was no obvious effect on BCL-2 expression after sea buckthorn polysaccharide supplementation .The expression of PPAR-γreduced in the sea-buckthorn polysaccharide group as compared with the model group .Conclusion:Seabuckthorn polysaccharide protects against LPS /D-GalN-induced liver injury.The effect is associated with an upregulation of SOD 2 and downregulation of Bax .

Objective:Using the macrophage cell lines RAW264.7 stably expressing Rab5a and its dominant negative mutant Rab5aN133I as models to analyze the effect and the mechanism of Rab 5a,Rab5aN133I on CpG-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type Ⅰ IFN.Methods: The eukaryotic expression vectors of Rab5a and Rab5aN133I were transfected into RAW264.7 cells by liposome,and screened with G418.The G418-resistant colonies were obtained and amplified.The transformed cell lines were i-dentified by RT-PCR,Real time-PCR and Western blot.The production of cytokines were measured after transformed cell lines of Rab5a and Rab5aN133I was stimulation with CpG for 8 h.Results: Rab5a expression in transfected cells was significantly higher than the control cell group (P<0.05).Overexpression of Rab5a significantly promoted the production of TNF -α,IL1-β(P<0.01) and IFN-β( P<0.05) in CpG stimulated RAW264.7.The production of cytokines was restored in Rab 5aN133I transfected cell line.Conclusion:Rab 5a promotes CpG-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and typeⅠIFN in macrophages,it may be act as a positive regulator in TLR9 signaling pathway.