An elemental diet, commercially named Elementalio, contains an amino acid mixture and many other essential nutrients. The amino acid mixture is prepared from hydrolysis of swine blood and supplemented with certain crystalline L-amino acid. The animal experiments suggest that it has a better nutritional effect than other domestic elemental diets in terms of body weight gain, nitrogen balance and correction of hypoproteinemia.

AIM: To investigate the effects of exogenous L - carnitine on lipid metabolism in semi - starved rats fed on high fat diet. METHODS: The semi - starved rats were restricted half in calorie intake on high fat diet for 2 week. L - carnitine was supplied at dose of 250 mg/kg· bw. The changes of plasma carnitine concentration, urinary excretion of ketone body, serum lipase activity, muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity, triglyceride secretion and clearance rate were measured. RESULTS: The results showed that the concentration of plasma free camitine increased significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to normal and semi - starved rats. The activities of muscle carnitine palmitoyhransferase and serum lipase were significantly enhanced in carnitine supplemented rats. The triglyceride secretion rate (TGSR) was also improved remarkably by carnitine supplementation. Meanwhile, the urinary excretion of ketone body was reduced significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to semi - starved rats. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that carnitine supplementation can significantly increase the plasma concentration of free carnitine and accelerate the lipid metabolism in semi - starved rats fed on high fat diet.

AIM: To investigate the effects of exogenous L-carnitine on lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet. METHODS: The semi-starved rats were restricted half in calorie intake on high fat diet for 2 week. L-carnitine was supplied at dose of 250 mg/kg?bw. The changes of plasma carnitine concentration, urinary excretion of ketone body, serum lipase activity, muscle carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity, triglyceride secretion and clearance rate were measured. RESULTS: The results showed that the concentration of plasma free carnitine increased significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to normal and semi-starved rats.The activities of muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase and serum lipase were significantly enhanced in carnitine supplemented rats. The triglyceride secretion rate(TGSR) was also improved remarkably by carnitine supplementation. Meanwhile, the urinary excretion of ketone body was reduced significantly in carnitine supplemented rats compared to semi-starved rats. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that carnitine supplementation can significantly increase the plasma concentration of free carnitine and accelerate the lipid metabolism in semi-starved rats fed on high fat diet.

The effects of high concentrations (1-5mmol/L) of different amino acids in Hanks solution on the proliferation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells were examined. In order to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of some amino acids at high concentration level, the further studies were conducted on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, human hepatoma cells and lung cancer cells, using Eagle's MEM as culture medium. The possible toxicity of the high concentrations of single amino acids to normal tissue cells was tested on mouse bone marrow cells. Although some amino acids exhibited a significant inhibitory effect, the responses of different tumor cells to the high concentrations of different amino acids were not entirely similar. Moreover, the effects presented by some amino acids on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in Hanks solution could be diminished or eliminated in Eagle's MEM. Among the aromatic and basic amino acids, only the tryptophan was found to be inhibitory to the multiplication of mouse bone marrow cells at high concentration levels in vitro.

Objective:[WT5BZ]To explore the molecular mechanism of protection of zinc against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury(HIRI). [WT5HZ]Methods:[WT5BZ]The expression of hepatic metallothionein 1(MT 1)gene and regulation by zinc were determined by RT PCR(reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction)in HIRI rats. [WT5HZ]Results:[WT5BZ]1.Hepatic MT 1 mRNA was expressed in all groups;2.The level of hepatic MT 1 mRNA in HIRI group(ischemia 30 min,reperfusion 90 min)was significantly lower than control.After zinc supplementation,the content of hepatic MT 1 mRNA was increased significantly;3.The hepatic MT 1 expression was also enhanced by zinc in normal rats. [WT5HZ]Conclusion:[WT5BZ]The results of our studies suggest that the regulation of hepatic MT 1 genes by zinc is one of the main ways contributed to the mechanism of protection by zinc in HIRI.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of perioperative rehabilitation approaches based on the concept of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for pelvic fractures.Methods:A prospective randomized control trial was conducted to include 114 emergency patients who had been admitted to Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital for surgical treatment of pelvic fractures from June 2019 to December 2020. Of them, 57 were assigned into an intervention group according to a random digits table. They were 42 males and 15 females, aged from 18 to 77 years and subjected to management of pelvic fractures with tentative perioperative ERAS approaches which were adjusted at different stages. The other random 57 patients were assigned into a control group. They were 40 males and 17 females, aged from 17 to 70 years and subjected to management of pelvic fractures with conventional rehabilitation approaches which included postoperative in-hospital consultation and guidance by rehabilitation physicians. The 2 groups were compared in terms of Majeed pelvis scores and Barthel indexes at postoperative 2, 6, 12 and 24 weeks, and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores and SF36 scores at postoperative 12 and 24 weeks.Results:A total of 105 patients (55 in the intervention group and 50 in the control group) were completely followed up for 151 to 254 d (mean, 177 d). The 2 groups were comparable due to no significant difference between them in the preoperative general data ( P>0.05). The Majeed scores (44±13, 67±16, 86±14 and 98±7) and Barthel indexes (57±13, 79±16, 95±8 and 100±2) at postoperative 2, 6, 12 and 24 weeks in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(35±16, 51±16, 73±14 and 91±12) and (45±19, 67±18, 86±12 and 98±4)] (all P<0.05). At postoperative 12 and 24 weeks, the SF-36 scores (129±15 and 141±6) in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (114±15 and 131±12) ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the pain degree between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:In management of pelvic fractures, compared with conventional perioperative rehabilitation approaches, the perioperative ERAS rehabilitation approaches may improve early functional outcomes and thus help the patients restore their activities of daily living earlier.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a perioperative rehabilitation clinical pathway of acetabular fracture in light of orthopedics rehabilitation team approach. MethodsA prospective randomized control trial was conducted in 82 patients with acetabular fractures who had been admitted from the Emergency Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from June, 2019 to January, 2021. The patients were randomly divided into control group (n = 41) and intervention group (n = 41). The control group was managed routinely, while the intervention group received the rehabilitation clinical pathway, for 24 weeks. The Visual Analogue Score (VAS) of pain, the Barthel Index (BI) and Majeed Pelvic Score were compared. ResultsFinally, 76 patients completed the trial. There was no statistical difference in VAS score between two groups in all periods (|Z| < 1.926, P > 0.05). The BI score was higher in the intervention group than in the control group at discharge, two weeks, six weeks and twelve weeks after operation (|Z| > 2.121, P < 0.05); and no significant difference was found before operation and 24 weeks after operation (|Z| < 1.862, P > 0.05). Majeed Pelvic Score was higher in the intervention group than in the control group two weeks, six weeks, twelve weeks and 24 weeks after operation (|Z| > 2.428, P < 0.05). Six, twelve and 24 weeks after operation, the excellent rate of Majeed Pelvic Score was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (χ² > 6.136, P < 0.05). ConclusionIn comparison with traditional protocol in acetabular fracture, the perioperative rehabilitation clinical pathway was proved effective and of great safety in the light of the integration of orthopedics and rehabilitation mode for improving the function and activities of daily living of patients.