The incidence of colorectal cancer( CRC)increases rapidly in recent years. The role of dietary structure in CRC pathogenesis has caught much attention. This review summarizes the relationship between dietary fiber intake and risk of CRC. Accumulating evidence reveals that up to 90% CRC can be prevented by improvement of dietary structure,and high fiber intake(10-35 g/d)decreases 10%-17% of risk of CRC. All kinds of dietary fiber have preventive effect. So far, dietary fiber intake in Chinese people does not reach the recommended level. Optimization of dietary structure,increase intake of whole grains,vegetable and fruit,addition of fiber to daily food are effective approaches for prevention of CRC.

Hepatoprotectors including antioxidant supplements(Vit E,silymarin,GSH,betaine,ect.)and others(essentiale,UDCA,tiopronin,Glycyrrhiza preparation,pentoxifylline,ect.)have been considered reasonable approaches to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).However the evidence-based medicine shows that they can improve symptoms and decrease aminotransferases levels.There is no sufficient evidence to support their effect on the improvement of histological changes and the natural history of NAFLD.These kinds of medicines with 1 to 2 drugs being selected in one prescription are recommended to the patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).Basic regimens for the treatment should be concomitant to enhance their efficacy.

The necessity and feasibility of antiviral therapy in patients with liver cirrhosis have caught much attention.By summarizing the rel-evant guidelines/consensus statements and evidence-based medicine data in recent years,the advances in indications,strategies,drug op-tions,and benefit/risk in antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis are reviewed.The data reveal that for both HBV-and HCV-related cirrhosis,successful treatment may suppress viral replication,improve patients′conditions, delay disease progression,prolong survival,reduce complications,and create better conditions for surgical and minimally invasive operations for hepatocellular carcinoma.Because of the good safety of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA),it is recommended that patients with HBV-related cirrhosis (including those in decompensation stage and with complications)should receive NA as soon as possible.As interferon may cause many adverse reactions,antiviral therapy for HCV-related cirrhosis becomes more difficult than that for HBV-related cirrhosis.Careful se-lection of indications is necessary.Standardization of the strategies for antiviral therapy is important in the treatment of liver cirrhosis.

Objective To explore the relationship between smoking, alcohol drinking and gallstone disease in general male population in Guangdong. Methods Each subject received a questionnaire and took an upper abdominal ultrasound examination in a cross-sectional study. Results The prevalence of gallstone disease became higher with the increase of amount of cigarette smoking per day (trend test ?2=5.542, P=0.019) and with the total amount of cigarette smoking in their life (trend test ?2=7.302, P=0.007), these significance remained after controlling well-known risk factors for gallstone disease such as age and body mass index (BMI) (OR=1.269,95%CI: 1.018~1.580 for cigarette smoking per day and OR=1.295, 95%CI: 1.020~1.646 for total ). Little to moderate alcohol drinking (

0.05).TNF-? mRNA of intervenient group was significantly increased than that of control group(P

In the present study, electron microscopic and cytochemical localization of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) of the tumor-like growth tissue in the Tiger-head goldfish (Carassius aurtus) were attempted. The SDH was demonstrated according to the modified method described by Kerpel-Fronius and Hajos (1968). The main results are as follows:When the goldfish were twenty-months old, there was not only a highly active positive reaction of SDH on the periphery of jejune vesicle, but also on the mitochondria, cristae and cytoplasm membrane in the cells of the hyperplasitic tissue. At the same time, there were much crystal formation because cell disintegration. When the Tiger-head goldfish were ten and thirty-months old, the active reaction of SDH was not so strong as in the corresponding positions of cytodeme as When it was twenty-months old. The crystal formation were lesser than the others. But the control groups displayed the negative reaction of SDH in the corresponding positions.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) combined with ultrasound contrast agent on rabbit liver, and to investigate the possibility of ultrasound contrast agents enhancing the effect of HIFU on rabbit liver. Methods Thirty-two rabbits were averagely divided into two groups according to their body mass. Rabbits in group Ⅰ were irradiated by HIFU alone on the liver, and those in group Ⅱ were treated by irradiation of HIFU after intravenous injection of a ultrasound contrast agent. The used treatment time, frequency, power and the distance from focus to the skin surface were identical in the two groups. The changes of ultrasound image were recorded at the 20 s, 2 min and 5 min after treatment. Four rabbits in each group were slaughtered for morphological and pathological examination immediately and on the 2nd, 3rd and 7th day after the treatments, respectively. Results The ultrasonic gray scale differenced in the HIFU alone group were ( 20.12? 12.4)s (20 s), ( 16.8? 9.3)min (2 min) and ( 15.1? 11.9)min (5 min). Compared with those in the enhanced HIFU group were ( 63.9? 29.4)s, ( 60.0? 25.9)min, ( 59.3? 28.7)min, respectively(P

0.05),but the relative levels of the mRNA of TNF-? and leptin were significantly down-regulated(P

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of double-balloon push enteroscopy in small bowel disorders. Methods From July 2003 to March 2004, 38 patients with presentation of gastrointestinal upset and underwent a previous negative gastroscopy, colonoscopy, gastrointestinal barium and/or angiography were enrolled in this study. Enteroscopy via oral or rectum was done in 30 patients while in the other 8 patients full access to the small bowel was attempted by the two-way method, firstly via upper GI and then the lower GI. Results Positive diagnostic yield was made in 33 patients (86. 8% ). These disorders included Crohn's disease (7/38) , multiple ulcerations (5/38) , arteriovenous malformation (4/38) , multiple diverticula (4/38) , varices (3/38) , malignant stromal tumor (2/38) , ileitis (2/38) , and 1 case in each of moderate-differentiated adenocarcinoma, Ankylostoma duodenale, ascariasis, eosinophilic enteritis, anas-tomotic stricture and tuberculosis. The procedures were carried out satisfactorily in all patients but 2 failed from the intolerance of patients. Complication never occurred. Conclusion Double-balloon push enteroscopy has the superiority in direct visualization of whole small intestine with high positive findings and safety but with high technical demand in manipulation.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy(SHE) in patients with cirrhosis. Methods One hundred and seventy five consecutive cirrhotic patients(mean age 53 years, range 27～72) without any overt clinical encephalopathy were screened for SHE using number connection test A(NCT A) and symbol digit test(SDT) with age corrected normal value, which have been developed in 356 persons without liver disease and are defined as the mean?2 standard deviation. Results Fifty patients(28.6%) were abnormal in both NCT A and SDT, 16(9.1%) were abnormal only in SDT and 34(19.4%) only in NCT A. Taken together, two tests diagnosed SHE in 100 patients(57.1%). The prevalence of SHE increased from 46.8% and 53.0% in Child Pugh grade A and B, to 76.6% in Child Pugh grade C. Conclusions SHE was found in 57.1% of cirrhotic patients without overt clinical encephalopathy, which was linked to the severity of liver cirrhosis.