Interleukin-18 is an inactive precursor which lacks a signal peptide,it has a role inregulating retinal pathological angiogenesis.It also inhibits experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV)via interferon-γand thrombospondin-1.Currently little is known about its mechanisms of inhibition forCNV,may be speculated to be due to effects of anti-angiogenesis,down-regulates vascular permeability andlower vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels via directly acting on the vascular endothelial celland epithelial cells.Exogenous administration of mature recombinant interleukin-18 has no adverse effect onretinal pigment epithelial cell viability.In addition,the anti-VEGF role of interleukin-18 is tested to be safeand effective for humans.Interleukin-18 alone or in combination with anti-VEGF shows to be a goodprospect for improving the prognosis of experimental CNV.However,more large clinical studies arerequired to confirm the exact efficacy of interleukin-18 for CNV.

Background Studies have showed an increasing prevalence of glaucoma in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).However,this view remains controversial.Objective This Meta analysis was to assess whether there is an association between glaucoma and OSAHS.Methods A systematic search in PubMed database was carried out with the subject headingssleeping apnea andglaucoma.The literature type was limited to cases-controlled studies and prospective cohort studies with the publishing duration from January 1,1982 to January 30,2015 in English.The risk of glaucoma among OSAHS patients was analyzed,and Review Manager 5.2 was applicated for Meta analysis.The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the strength of the association.Results Twelve independent retrospective casescontrolled studies were included in this review,including 11 592 subjects in the OSAHS group and 25 931 subjects in the control group.The study quality was scored 6-8 by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale which was acceptable.The random effects model was accepted because of the heterogeneity among the studies (x2=34.20,P＜0.05,I2 =68％).The prevalence of glaucoma was higher in the OSAHS group than that in the control group (OR =1.87,95％ CI:1.21-2.90,Z=2.82,P＜0.05).The subgroup analysis of OSAHS showed that the OR (95％ CI) of mild,moderate and severe OSAHS groups versus control group was 3.61 (0.56-23.43),4.17 (0.47-36.91) and 6.95 (1.14-42.26),respectively.Sensitivity analysis confirmed that the OR value fluctuated in 1.74-2.16 and closed to 1.87.Funnel graphy exhibited a asymmetry appearance among the literatures,which suggested a possible publication bias.Conclusions OSAHS is one of the risk factors of glaucoma.The serious OSAHS is associated with an increased risk of glaucoma.

Objective To investigate the cell apoptosis and the expression level of its related gene Survivin, PTEN. Methods Apoptotic cells and bodies were detected by TUNEL. Immunohistocbemical stains were performed to examine the expression of Survivin, PTEN and Ki-67. The software package SPSS 10.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results The Survivin positive rate in 73 tumors was 64.4 %, and there was significant negative correlation between Survivin weighted score and AI (r=-0.85,P<0.01). The mean AI of survivin-positive tumors was lower than that of Survivin-ncgative tumors(P=0.035). The PTEN positive rate in 73 tumors was 72.6 %, there was positive correlation between PTEN weighted score and AI (P=0.026). The mean AI of PTEN-positive tumors was higher than that of PTEN-negative tumors (P=0.034). There was significant negative correlation between AI and pathological grade and positive correlation between PI and pathological grade(r=-0.432, P=0.001, r=0.729, P<0.01). Conclusion Cell apoptosis was affected by some factors. AI was associated with the expression of Survivin and PTEN.

Animals for model of osteoporosis involve rat, mouse, rabbit, beagle dog, minipig, sheep, etc. The types of model include aged related model, ovariectomized model, orchietomied model, drug treated model, abolition degeneration model, and dietary bone loss. The rat with ovariectomized model is used widely. Biochemical determination, bone mineral density measurement, bone histomorphorphormetry and bone biomechanics are used to judge the formation of experimental osteoporosis.

Objective To explore the effect of the autoregressive integrated moving average model?nonlinear auto?regressive neural network(ARIMA?NARNN)model on predicting schistosomiasis infection rates of population. Methods The ARIMA model,NARNN model and ARIMA?NARNN model were established based on monthly schistosomiasis infection rates from Janu?ary 2005 to February 2015 in Jiangsu Province,China. The fitting and prediction performances of the three models were com?pared. Results Compared to the ARIMA model and NARNN model,the mean square error(MSE),mean absolute error (MAE)and mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)of the ARIMA?NARNN model were the least with the values of 0.011 1, 0.090 0 and 0.282 4,respectively. Conclusion The ARIMA?NARNN model could effectively fit and predict schistosomiasis in?fection rates of population,which might have a great application value for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis.

Objective To investigate the maternal attitude and demands for Institute of Postpartum Care in order to provide targeted services.Methods 285 women were a investigated about maternal attitude and demands towards Institute of Postpartum Care with self-designed questionnaire.Results 97.9％ (279/285) women thought sitting the month (puerperal period) was very important,50.2％ (143/285)women were interested in Institute of Postpartum Care.They thought the main three advantages were energy saving,medical expertise and technology and avoidance of family conflicts;The three major issues were high price,lack of monitoring mechanism and unfamiliar environment and less family company;33 items of services demands over four points accounted for 78.6％,the three modules with highest scores were cleaning services scored 4.64±0.47,newborn services scored 4.45±0.41,consultation service scored 4.41:±0.53.Conclusions Professional postnatal care services have been a trend and social need,and a large proportion of women have great interest and demand on Institute of Postpartum Care which should make full use of its concentrate resources,and provide specific services according to maternal demands for services.It is urgent to build unified service standards and evaluation indicators to improve service quality.

AIM To determine the effects of different dose of cyclophosphamide (CP) on the contents of bone calcium and hydroxyproline and the weight of immune organ thymus. METHOD CP at dose of 1 5, 4 5 and 12 5mg?kg -1 were given to the male rats orally everyday for 15 days respectively. At the endpoint the right femoral was dried constantly and weighed (w), the calcium content (Ca.C) was assayed by the method of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and the femoral hydroxyproline content (Hp.C) were assayed by Colorimetry. The leukocyte, thymus, liver and spleen were tested and weighed separately. RESULTS CP induced inhibiting effect on body weight, leukocyte and thymus in a dose dependent when compared with the vehicle control. Three doses of CP significantly decreased Ca.C and Ca.C/w of femoral ( P0 05). CONCLUSION CP stimulated bone calcium loss, induced shrinkage of thymus. The proper dose at 4 5mg?kg -1 of CP reduced both of Hp.C and Ca.C in bone leading to osteoporosis which is related to the decrease of bone mineral and bone matrix.

AIM To determine whether norethisterone in combination with ethinylestradiol can completely prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley female rats at the age of 4.5 months were sham-operated and treated orally with vehicle, or ovariectomized (OVX) and treated orally with either vehicle or combined norethisterone (norethisterone at 60 ?g?kg -1?d -1 and ethinylestradiol at 3.5 ?g?kg -1?d -1) for 90 days. Double in vivo fluorochrome labeling was administrated. The undecalcified longitudinal proximal tibial metaphyseal sections were used for the bone histomorphometric analysis. The humerus and urine calcium contents were assayed by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry. The humerus and urine hydroxyproline contents were assayed by colorimetry. Blood serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were tested by BECKMAN auto bio-chemistry analyzer. RESULTS After 90 days post OVX the cancellous bone mass and showed high bone turnover indices. Bone hydroxyproline contents were lost markedly. The ALP activity increased. The urine hydroxyproline contents increased significantly. The combined norethisterone treated group prevented bone lost when compared with OVX. The combined norethisterone were shown to inhibit osteoclasts surface and decrese bone turnover rate. The combined norethisterone can increase hydroxyproline contents and reduce urine hydroxyproline contents significantly from OVX group. CONCLUSION Combining norethisterone can prevent OVX-induced cancellous bone loss in rats.

AIM To determine whether epimedium pubescens flavonoids(EF) in combination with diethylstilbestrol(DES) can completely prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Sixty Sprague-Dawley female rats at age of 4 months were divided into six groups. Ten rats were sacrificed at age of 4.5 months before operation. The other rats were sham-operated and treated orally with vehicle or ovariectomized (OVX) and treated orally with either vehicle, or diethylstilbestrol(DES) at 22.5 ?g?kg -1 ?d -1 , or EF at 300 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 , or EF 300 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 in combination with DES 22.5 ?g?kg -1 ?d -1 for 90 days. Double in vivo fluorochrome labeling was administrated. The undecalcified longitudinal proximal tibial metaphyseal sections were used for [FQ(9*2。46,X-WZ]-the bone histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS DES prevented OVX-induced bone loss and decreased body weight gain and total serum cholesterol,but it increased uterine luminal epithelial thickness.Combination of EF with DES completely prevented OVX-induced bone loss and did not increase uterine luminal epithelial thickness.The effect of the combination in preventing bone loss was more significant than that of DES. CONCLUSION EF in combination with DES showed synergistic effect on prevention of osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy.-

Background and purpose: About 20 cases of BML have been reported in the literature,they occurred in females with history of uterus leiomyoma.BML appears as a histopathologic benign smooth muscle tumor located far from the uterus,often in the lungs.Firstly,it should be confirmed as originating from smooth muscle by immunohistochemistry,Secondly,its primary tumor should be confirmed as benign,with mucoid degenenation,it also should be distinguished from myxoid leiomyosacroma.Methods:We report a case of benign metastasizing leiomyoma,study its clinical,histopathologic and immunohistologic features,discuss the diagnosis and differential diagnosis and give a review of the related references.Results:The case occurred in a forty-two year old female who was found to have bilateral lung nodules after hysterectomy of her uterus leiomyoma six years ago.An open lung biopsy revealed the nodules to consist of proliferating smooth muscle cells with a histopathologic feature similar to her uterus leimyoma,consistent with the diagnosis of BML.Positive staining of estrogen and progesterone receptors was detected in both the uterus leiomyoma and the metastasizing lesions.No significant increase or enlargement of the lung nodules were found seven months after the operation with no therapy except taking Chinese traditional medicine.Conclusions:BML is a rare entity usually occurring in females with history of uterus leiomyoma.It appears as a histopathologic benign smooth muscle tumors distant from the uterus.It is hormone dependent and progresses slowly.