As one subclass of forkhead proteins, the forkhead box O ( FoxO) transcription factors take part in a series of bio-logical processes including cellular apoptosis, damaged DNA re-pair and cleavage of reactive oxygen species(ROS). Increasing evidence highlights that oxidative stress elicited by FoxOs con-tributes to imbalance of redox status in cells related to bone me-tabolism, resulting in development of the pathogenesis of osteo-porosis. This article reviews the relationship of FoxOs and osteo-porosis, which may be beneficial for the research of pathological mechanism and therapeutic strategy of osteoporosis.

Objective To explore the causes of intrapartum rupture of the scarred uterus and sum up the nursing experience. Methods The clinical data of 11 parturients with intrapartum rupture of scarred uterus were retrospectively analyzed to find out the causes of rupture and the nursing strategies were summarized.Result All of them resovered after rescuing and nursing,who were hospitalized for 3-5d and got labored without accidents.The causes included their histories of uterine-incision delivery,living places, education level and individual constitution.Conclusion The nursing measures including intrapartum health care and education, antenatal examination,close observation through the labor process,enhanced techniques and monitoring of high-risk gravida to avoid rupture of uterus,are vital for the decrease of parturient mortality.

BACKGROUND:Disequilibrium of proportion of adipogenesis and osteogenesis from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)is associated with many bone diseases.However,it has been demonstrated that Wnt signaling pathway could play an important role in regulation of BMSC differentiation.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the different gene expression profiles and to find the target gene on Wnt signaling pathway of the BMSCs,after being induced to osteoblasts and adipocytes respectively using Wnt signaling pathway PCR array.METHODS:The third-passage BMSCs,after being induced to osteoblasts and adipocytes respectively for 7 days.The total mRNA of MSCs was extracted by Trizol.BMSC morphology was observed following osteogenic and adipogenic induction under an inverted microscope.Gene array was detected by rat Wnt signaling pathway PCR array.Non-induction group served as controls.The ratio of increase/reduction gene of osteoblasts and adipocytes was calculated.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under an inverted microscope,BMSCs with high homogenicity were obtained following passage 3.BMSCs differentiated into osteoblasts following osteogenic induction,and into adipocytes following adipogenic induction.Compared with non-induction group,fifteen genes(Dkk1,kremen,FZD1,FZD7,et al.)were expressed up-regulated(ratio ＞ 2)and 16(sFrp 5,β-catenin,Dvl3,Tcf7,et al.)genes down-regulated(ratio ＜ 0.5)when the third-passage BMSCs were induced to adipocytes.Six genes(Dkk1,kremen,β-catenin,Wnt11,et al.)were expressed up-regulated and 15 genes(sFrp5,sFRP4,Fzd1,et al.)down-regulated when BMSCs being induced to osteoblasts.Above-mentioned results suggested that Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in the osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation from BMSCs.

Animals for model of osteoporosis involve rat, mouse, rabbit, beagle dog, minipig, sheep, etc. The types of model include aged related model, ovariectomized model, orchietomied model, drug treated model, abolition degeneration model, and dietary bone loss. The rat with ovariectomized model is used widely. Biochemical determination, bone mineral density measurement, bone histomorphorphormetry and bone biomechanics are used to judge the formation of experimental osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that a combination of estrogen and progestin has a protective synergistic effect on osteoporosis with only little side effects.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the effect of a combination of norethisterone and ethinyl estradiol (EE) on bone mass in ovariectomized rats.DESIGN: This study was a randomized controlled experiment.SETTING:It was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology of Guangdong Medical University.MATERIALS: Twenty-four specific pathogen free (SPF) unmated SD rats were selected, aging 4 and half months and weighing 230±15 g.METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology of Guangdong Medical College from May to November 2002.These rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: pseudo-operation group, ovariectomy group and compound norethisterone group, each containing 8 rats. For the former two groups, ethanol solution (volume fraction=0.056), at a dose of 5 mL/(kg.d), was administered by gavage. While for compound norethisterone group, 60μg/(kg·d) norethisterone and 3.5μg/(kg·d) EE were given by gavage (according to the dosage for human, which was 20-35 μg EE combined with norethisterone). Duration of treatment was 90 days for all the animals. Then their tibias were removed. Employing a fullyautomatic imaging analysis system, osteoclasts and the relevant dynamic and static parameters reflecting secondary trabeculaes formation region in proximal tibias were measured. Respectively, the humeral samples were removed and employing the palsma emission spectrograph of full-spectrum direct reading, calcium content and hydroxyproline content in bone samples were measured. Meanwhile, urine calcium and hydroxyproline concentrations were examined as well.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①The trabecular area (Th. Ar), trabecular thickness (TbkTh), trabecular number (Tb.N) and trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) and the changes in static parareters of perimeters of osteoclasts were investigated. Variance in percent labeled perimeter (L. Pm ％), mineral apposition rate (MAR) and bone formation rate (BFR/BV) were also calculated. ②Changes in serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP), calcium and hydroxyproline contents in bone and urine were all measured.RESULTS: All the 24 rats entered the analysis procedure. Compared to pseudo-operation group, for the ovariectomy group, Tb. Ar and Tb.N decreased, Tb. Sp increased and osteoclast perimeter significantly increased (P＜0.01). Addtionally, the bone formation markers increased apparently with an increase in L. Pm ％ and MAR (P＜0.05) and a significant increase in BFR/BV (P＜0.01). Compared with the ovariectomy group, for the compound norethisterone group,the bone mass and the Tb.N increased, marked by an increase of 82％ in Tb. Ar and an increase of 83％ in Tb.N (P＜0.05), and the Tb.Sp decreased, marked by a decrease of 51％ (P＜0.05). Meanwhile, there was a decrease of 52.5％ in osteoblast perimeter (P＜0.01), an increase in organic bone matrix and a decrease in urine hydroxyproline (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION: A combination of estrogen and progestin has a protective synergistic effect on ovariectomized rats with osteoporosis, and it is capable of increasing the organic bone matrix without significant inhibitory effects on bone formation. The experimental dosage of the compound was calculated according to the clinical dosage, 20-35 μg estrogen combined with a progestin, which will yield optimal protective effects on bone sometimes.

To study the antidepressant effects of piperine in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of berberine on differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to adipocytes and its mechanism. METHODS Rat MSCs were isolated and cultured, adipocytic differentiation was induced with adipogenesis-inducing medium (AIM). Cells were assigned into 6 groups:normal control, AIM group, AIM+berberine 0.1, 0.3, 1 and 3 μmol·L-1 groups, respectively. Morphology characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells were observed under an inverted microscope and adipocyte levels were analyzed by oil O staining. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was detected using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate. The cell survival was determined by MTT assay. Expressions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), fatty acid binding protein (aP2) and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) mRNA were detected by semiquantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Compared with normal control group, MSCs adipogenic differentiation, PPARγ, aP2 and C/EBPα mRNA expression significantly increased in AIM group (P<0.01), ALP activity in AIM group significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with AIM group, berberine inhibited MSCs adipogenic differentiation (P<0.01) and berberine 0.1, 0.3, 1 and 3 μmol·L-1 increased ALP activity by 26%, 54%, 81% and 122%, respectively. Berberine 3 μmol·L-1 significantly downregulated PPARγ expression (0.91±0.10 vs 1.34±0.06) (P<0.01), aP2 (1.05±0.10 vs 1.53±0.09) (P<0.01) and C/EBPα mRNA (1.24±0.06 vs 1.54±0.09) (P<0.01). Berberine had no effect on proliferation of MSCs. CONCLUSION Berberine inhibits differentiation of MSCs into adipocytes, which might be closely related to the downregulation of PPARγ, aP2 and C/EBPα mRNA.

Objective To discuss the feasibility,efficiency and safety of urokinase application in patients with hypertensive intraventricular hemorrhage.Methods Sixty-nine patients were included,30 treated with ventricular drainage alone and 39 receiving adjunctive intraventricular urokinase.CT images and ADL scores were compared between the two groups.Results The intraventricular thrombolysis with urokinase significantly hastened the resolution of intraventricular blood clots as compared with ventricular drainage alone(P=0.030),with better outcome(P=0.029).Conclusion Urokinase application is a simple,effective,and safe in managing hypertensive intraventricular hemorrhage.

AIM: To observe the changes of different parts of bones in rats 90 days after ovariectomized (OVX). METHODS: Twenty 4.5 month old virgin female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: sham group and OVX group. Rats in sham group were sham operated, while rats in OVX group were bilaterally OVX. Rats in two groups were treated with 5 ml?kg -1 ?d -1 ethanol for 90 days. Parameters of the proximal tibial metaphysis (PTM), tibial shaft (Tx) and the fifth lumbar vertebral body (LVB) were analyzed by bone histomorphometry method. RESULTS: %Tb.Ar and Tb.N were decreased by 80.5 % and 76.1 %, Tb.Sp and Oc.N were increased by 468.0 % and 356.6 %, and MAR and BFR/BV were increased by 43.9 % and 95.9 %, respectively, in PTM. The changes in LVB were not remarkable as those in PTM. %Tb.Ar and Tb.Th were decreased by 35.0 % and 31.0 %, while Oc.N and BFR/BV were increased by 106.9 % and 126.8 %, respectively. The cortical bone and marrow areas of tibial shaft did not change in Tx, but bone formation parameters (%P LPm, %E LPm) were increased. CONCLUSION: After OVX for 90 days, high bone turnover osteopenia model is duplicated successfully in rats. Different parts of the bones have different reaction to ovariectomization in rats.

Aim To investigate the preventive effects of misoprostol on osteoporosis in aged ovariectomized(OVX)rats.Methods Female,10-month-old SD rats were ovariectomized(OVX)and,2 months later,were treated with misoprostol or controls for 2 months.The static and dynamic parameters in trabecular bone of the forth lumbar vertebrae(LV4)were examined with histomorphometrical analyses;the fifth lumbar vertebrae(LV5)was used to perform the compression test.Results Compared with the data from the sham-operated rats,the percent trabecular area and elastic modulus significantly decreased in OVX rats.Correspondingly,the bone break load and break stress decreased of post OVX was compared with those of sham-operated rats.Misoprostol increased the percent trabecular area by 21.6% compared with OVX rats,but it couldn't meet the statistical significance.Misoprostol enhanced the break load and elastic modulus compared with OVX rats.Conclusion Misoprostol can improve biomechanics of bone in ovariectomized osteoporosis rats.