Objective To explore and identify the correlation of CTP classification,MELD score of patients with cirrhosis after hepatitis between different TCM syndromes.Methods For 135 patients comply with hepatitis B cirrhosis standard,standardized TCM syndrome differentiation and laboratory tests is executed so as to analyze the correlation of CTP classification,MELD score of patients with cirrhosis after hepatitis between different TCM syndromes.Results The liver function CTP classification in liver Qi stagnation syndrome and dump-heat accumulation syndrome patients mainly scores to Class A,and the MELD score less than 10 points-based.The liver function CTP classification in Yin deficiency of Liver and kidney,Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney and blood stasis syndromes mainly scores to Class B-C,and the MELD scores more than 10 points basically.Yin deficiency of Liver and kidney,Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney and blood stasis syndromes take majority in advanced cirrhosis patients compared with liver Qi stagnation syndrome and dump-heat accumulation syndrome take majority in early stage cirrhosis patients.Conclusion Matches the traditional view in TCM that form Qi stagnation,to damp heat-water stopped,to blood stasis-Yang and Yin deficiency is the regular pathogenesis evolution pattern of post-hepatitis cirrhosis.

Objective To investigate the relationships between parameters of serum iron metabolism and liver in-flammatory activity grades, and to find out the difference in parameters of serum iron metabolism between patients with hepa-titis B and patients with hepatitis C. Methods A total of 166 patients with viral hepatitis were enrolled in this study, in-cluding 135 case of hepatitis B and 31 cases of hepatitis C. The serum iron metabolism indexes including serum iron (SI), se-rum ferritin (SF), transferring (TRF), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were collected, and the transferring saturation (TS), al-anine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL) and albumin (ALB) were calculated. Thirty-nine patients were selected from 135 hepatitis B patients by corresponding gender, age and liver function with 31 hep-atitis C patients. The indicators of iron metabolism were compared between two groups. Results There was a positive corre-lation between age , TRF and TIBC. There were positive correlations between SI, SF, TS and ALT, AST, TBIL respectively, and negative correlations between SF, TS and ALB. TRF and TIBC were negatively correlated with ALT, AST and TBIL, but positively correlated with ALB (rs=0.551,P<0.001). The value of SF was significantly higher in patients with hepatitis C than that of patients with hepatitis B. The levels of TRF and TIBC were significantly lower in patients with hepatitis C than those of patients with hepatitis B (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in SI and TS between two groups. Conclu-sion There was a significant correlation between parameters of serum iron metabolism and live inflammatory activity grades. The iron overload phenomenon is much common in patients with chronic hepatitis C than that of patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Objective To identify the effect of glucose regulating protein 75 expression in PC12 cells under glucose deprivation.Methods MTT method was used to monitor the cell viability.The leakage of LDH was represented as the index of cell injury.Flow cytometry was applied for cell cycle analysis,apoptosis and necrosis.Using RT-PCR detected and quantified mRNA.Western blot to measure relative amounts of the protein.Results Cell viability decreased and the LDH leakage increased.While the treated PC12 cells had two main forms of apoptosis and necrosis.GRP75 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated.Conclusion GRP75 has protective function during glucose deprivation.

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common complication of cirrhotic ascites, and has a high incidence rate, rapid progression, and a high fatality rate. At present, there are no uniform diagnostic criteria for SBP at home and abroad. Some patients do not have the typical clinical symptoms of SBP, and therefore, missed diagnosis might occur in such patients and the patient′s condition might be delayed. This article reviews the advances in the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of SBP, in order to provide a reference to clinical physicians, increase the diagnostic rate of SBP, reduce clinical fatality rate, and improve patients′ prognosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of anti-liver fibrosis Chinese patent drugs on renal hypofunction associated with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 592 patients with ALD who were admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from August 1, 2008 to March 1, 2016, and according to whether they were treated with Fuzheng Huayu capsules, Anluo Huaxian pills, or Fufang Biejia Ruangan tablets for ≥180 cumulative defined daily doses, they were divided into Chinese medicine group and control group. After propensity score matching at a ratio of 1∶1, two groups were obtained with 187 patients in each group. Related data were recorded, including medical history, drinking amount, routine blood test results, liver and renal function, coagulation, and abdominal imaging findings. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; the Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the cumulative incidence rate of renal hypofunction between two groups. ResultsThere were no significant differences between the two groups in age, drinking amount, proportion of patients with hypertension or diabetes, baseline aspartate aminotransferase, estimated glomerular filtration rate, uric acid, and prothrombin time, and the patients were followed up for 36 months (range 23-54 months). Uric acid (hazard ratio ［HR］=1.003, 95% confidence interval ［CI］: 1001-1.005, P=0.001), prothrombin time (HR=1.103, 95%CI: 1.034-1.177, P=0.003), and red cell volume distribution width (HR=1.024, 95%CI: 1.011-1.038, P＜0.001) were independent risk factors for renal hypofunction in patients with ALD, and anti-liver fibrosis Chinese patent drug was an independent protective factor against renal hypofunction (HR=0.170, 95%CI: 0.053-0552, P=0.003). The Chinese medicine group had a significantly lower incidence rate of renal hypofunction than the control group (166% vs 32.1%, χ2=10.263, P=0.001). The subgroup analysis of the patients in the Chinese medicine group showed that Chinese medicine treatment for ＞24 months had the best effect (HR=0.210, 95%CI: 0.084-0.525, P=0.001). Compared with the control group, the Chinese medicine group had a significantly longer time to the onset of renal hypofunction (36 months vs 24 months, Z=-2.652, P=0.008). ConclusionAnti-liver fibrosis Chinese patent drugs can reduce the incidence rate and delay the onset of renal hypofunction in patients with ALD.

Background/Aims: Studies have shown that nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment can reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, but it is unclear which NA is most effective. We performed a meta-analysis and systematic review comparing the efficacies of NAs in CHB patients. Methods: We searched literature databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that analyzed the hepatic biochemical response, virological response, seroconversion rate, drug resistance rate, and HCC incidence rate in CHB patients treated with NAs. Meta-analyses were performed with RevMan and Stata/SE software. Results: Twelve cohort studies and one RCT were selected, in which entecavir (ETV), lamivudine (LAM), telbivudine (LdT), and/or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) were evaluated in CHB patients. The meta-analysis showed that ETV was superior to LAM with regard to the HCC incidence (p<0.001), biochemical response (p=0.001), virological response (p=0.02), and drug resistance (p<0.001), and ETV was superior to LdT with regard to the virological response (p<0.001) and drug resistance (p<0.001). We found no significant difference between ETV and TDF with regard to the HCC incidence (p=0.08), biochemical response (p=0.39), virological response (p=0.31), serological conversion (p=0.38), or drug resistance (p=0.95). NA-treated patients with pre-existing cirrhosis had a 5.49 times greater incidence of HCC than those without cirrhosis (p<0.001). Conclusions ETV or TDF should be used for long-term first-line monotherapy in CHB patients according to the current guidelines. Standardized protocols are needed for future studies of ETV and TDF to facilitate conclusive comparisons. Patients with cirrhosis are at significantly elevated risk for HCC, despite the benefits of NA treatment.

Objective To investigate the screening of serum biomarkers in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ).Methods Gel electrophoresis was used to isolate and remove high-abundant proteins.Each group ofpeptides was labeled by the iTRAQ reagents and then tested with an UltiMateTM 3000 nanoliter high-performance liquid chromatograph,and a Q-Exactive tandem mass spectrometer.The Protein Discovery software was used to analyze mass spectrometry data and perform bioinformatic analysis for differentially expressed proteins.Results Ten samples each were included in the HBV-ACLF group and the chronic hepatitis B (CHB) group,and six samples each were included in the HBV-ACLF survival group and the HBV-ACLF death group.Compared with the CHB group,the HBV-ACLF group had 43 differentially expressed proteins,among which 34 were downregulated and 9 were upregulated.Compared with the HBV-ACLF survival group,the HBV-ACLF death group had 33 differentially expressed proteins,among which 18 were upregulated and 15 were downregulated.Conclusion Keratin,α1-acid glycoprotein,and zinc-α2-glycoprotein identified in the serum may be used as potential biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF.

Objective To investigate the genetic association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR),as well as the causal relationship between NAFLD and T2DM across different body mass index(BMI)categories.Methods The data were derived from genome-wide association studies conducted in European populations,with a sample size of 32 941 cases for NAFLD,312 646 cases for T2DM,and 681 275 cases for BMI.The univariate and multivariate MR methods were used to assess the bidirectional causal relationship between NAFLD and T2DM in the general population and across different BMI subtypes.The methods of inverse-variance weighting,MR-Egger regression,constrained maximum likelihood and model averaging,and weighted median were used to conduct the MR analysis,and MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier,radial MR,the MR-Egger intercept method,and the Cochrane Q test were used for sensitivity analysis.Results The univariate MR analysis revealed a bidirectional causal relationship between NAFLD and T2DM in the general population(forward analysis:odds ratio[OR]=9.75,95%confidence interval[CI]:2.57-37.00,P＜0.001;reverse analysis:OR=1.01,95%CI:1.00-1.01,P＜0.01).After adjustment for BMI,the multivariate MR analysis showed that the causal relationship between NAFLD and T2DM remained significant in the general population(OR=33.12,95%CI:7.57-144.95,P＜0.000 1).The subgroup analysis showed a causal relationship between NAFLD and T2DM across all BMI subtypes(lean subgroup:OR=12.19,95%CI:3.35-44.40,P＜0.001;overweight subgroup:OR=4.30,95%CI:1.69-10.92,P＜0.01;obese subgroup:OR=1.67,95%CI:1.14-2.44,P＜0.01).Conclusion This study reveals the causal relationship between NAFLD and T2DM in the general population of NAFLD and across different BMI subtypes from a genetic perspective.

Objective To summarize the treatment experience and strategies of patients with acute type A aortic dissection involving coronary arteries in order to improve the efficacy of such patients.Methods Between March 2013 and April 2016,we recruited 37 patients with coronary involvement caused by acute type A aortic dissection,26 men,11 women;mean age (49.7 ± 10.4) years.All procedures were done on an emergency basis within 24 hours after the patient's arrival.Results Acute type A aortic dissection with coronary involvement is a more complex operation associated with high in-hospital mortality(18.9％,7/37) and low short-term survival(64.9％,13/37).There were 9 patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft after completion of the root procedure because of ventricular wall motion abnormality(7 patients) and new ST-segment elevation (2 patients) during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass.Four of them were survival during follow-up due to the success from rescue coronary artery bypass graft.Conclusion Acute type A aortic dissection with coronary involvement is associated with high in-hospital mortality and low short-term survival.If patients suffered abnormal ventricular wall motion or new ST-segment elevation during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass,rescue coronary artery bypass graft is essential to salvage these critically ill patients.

Acute decompensated cirrhosis is a stage of end-stage liver disease during which patients often experience decompensated complications and rapid progression. Systemic inflammatory response is characterized by excessive secretion of inflammatory factors caused by bacterial infection of local tissue and rapid spread to the whole body, thereby affecting the physiological activities of the body and causing organ damage or disorder, and it is a relatively serious inflammatory state. This article elaborates on the occurrence of systemic inflammation, the factors affecting the severity of systemic inflammation, the manifestation of systemic inflammation in different stages of decompensated cirrhosis, and the role of systemic inflammation in complications, in order to gain a deeper understanding of systemic inflammation and apply it in the research and development of new therapies and drugs.