Objective To investigate whether there is emotional memory advantage bias to negativc emotion facial expressions in stress.Methods A learning-recognition paradigm was used in this study,and 2 groups (stress/non stress)× 3 facial emotional valence (positive/neutral/negative) mixed designs were adopted to compare the reaction time deviations to different facial emotion expressions in stress participants and relaxing participants.Results It was shown by repeated measurement ANOVA that the main effect(E(2.59)=5.13,P=0.007) in facial emotional response time and the interaction effect (F(2.59) =6.02,P=0.003)between groups and facial emotional expression were found.The main effect in recognition of accuracy was observed(F(2.59)=14.47,P=0.000).Further analysis showed,for stress participants,that the reaction time to detect stimulus of positive facial expression ((645.84± 52.65) ms) was faster than negative ((721.46± 101.76) ms) and neutral faces ((692.99 ± 63.17) ms) (P＜0.05) and the recognition of the latter expressions was not significant.Interestingly,the accuracy to recognized of positive facial expression (0.68 ± 0.08) was the highest (P ＜ 0.05) for stress participants.Conclusion Positive faces advantage to facial expression is shown at the stage of face recognition in stress group.

Objective To explore the preference of emotional memory in different cognitive style of undergraduates.Methods A 2 cognitive style (field independent style / field dependent style) * 3 facial expressions (positive/neutral/negative faces) mixed designs were adopted to compare the reaction time,which in the condition of stimuli presentation time 500 ms in field independent and dependent participants (n =25,respectively).E-Prime program was used to present the stimulus and to record the reaction time and accuracy to stimuli of all subjects.Repeated Measurement ANOVA was used in the research,facial expressions (positive/neutral/negative faces) as the within group factor,and groups (stress/non stress) as between group factor.Both the main effect of each variable and the interaction effect of variables were tested.Results There were a significant difference of response time and accuracy between the field independent and field dependent college students.It was shown by repeated measurement A NOVA that the main effect(F(2,47) =4.321,P＜ 0.05)in facial expressions properties and the interaction effect(F(2.47) =3.299,P＜ 0.05)between groups and facial expressions properties were found.Further analysis showed that the reaction time to detect stimulus of positive((610.71 ± 11.26)ms)and neutral ((606.24 ± 18.27) ms) facial expression was shorter than negative ((653.17 ± 20.91) ms) faces for field independent participants (P＜0.05).Interestingly,for field dependent group,the neutral faces ((675.67 ± 21.01) ms)were faster than others (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Field independent students had significant advantages over field dependent students in emotional memory.

The envelope gene gp85 of ev/J,a new family of endogenous avian retroviral sequences identified recently, has the most extensive nucleotide sequence identity ever described with ALV-J avian ieukosis virus. This report described expression of ev/J envelope gene gp85 derived from commercial meat-type chicken using the Invitrogen Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. The antigenicity and immunoreactivity of the recombinant endogenous gp85 gene product (SU) were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence, Western blot, indirect and blocking Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) using JE9 monoclonal antibody (MAb) against the envelope protein of ALV-J (ADOL-4817), positive mouse antiserum against the ev/J gp85 SU and sera from chicken naturally infected with ALV-J. The results showed that the ev/J gp85 SU can bind specifically to JE9 MAb and antiserum from chicken naturally infected with ALV-J, and the binding reactivity between exogenous ALV-J gp85 SU and natural positive chicken serum against exogenous ALV-J can be blocked by positive mouse serum against the ev/J gp85 SU. It is concluded that recombinant endogenous gp85 gene product (SU) has close immunological relatedness to the envelope protein of exogenous ALV-J (ADOL-4817 and IMC<,10200> strain).

Objective: To establish the GC fingerprinting of Lignum dalbergia odoriferae. Methods: The measurement conditions applied are as follows: DB 5 (0.32mm?30m 0.25?m) column; detector: FID; internal standard: tetradecyl alchohol. Results: Fingerprint of Lignum dalbergia odoriferae consisted of 7 peaks. The area of peaks exceeded 90% of total one. RSD of precision and reproducibility is in the range of 5%. Conclusion: The method can be used for quality control of Lignum dalbergia odoriferae.

Objective To study the injury and protective action of drugs on neurons, the model of glutamate excitotoxicity on primary cultured hippocampual neurons from new born rats were( set up. Methods)By use of trypan blue dye staning and testing the lactate dehydrogenase leakage from cultured neurons, to investigate the neuron survival rate. Results We found the injury of neurons was related with the concentration of glutamate. NMDAR non-competitive antagonist —MK-801 could protect the glutamate excitotoxic damage on neurons. Conclusion The glutamate results in neuron injury through NMDAR; the model of neuron culture was sufficient for glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.

Objective To explore the multi-modal MRI characteristics of breast cancers in dense breasts.Methods 120 patients with breast cancer shown on mammography underwent breast MRI,which were solitary and confirmed by pathological examination. According to the BI-RADS classification of breast,the 120 cases were divided into two groups including dense type breast and non-dense type one.The differences in morphological features,ADC values (b=1 000 s/mm2 )and time-signal intensity curve (TIC)of the lesions between two groups were analyzed and compared.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS1 6.0.Results The breast cancers in dense breast were vulnerable to have a spiculated margin (44/68 in the dense breast group vs.1 6/52 in the non-dense breast group,P =0.000).The size of the lesion in dense breast (1.83 ±0.98)cm was bigger than that in non-dense breast (1.40±0.46)cm (P =0.005).The non-mass-like enhancement of the lesion in dense breast was much more than that in non-dense breast (P =0.000).In addition,the average ADC values of the lesion in dense breast (0.89±0.12)×10 -3 mm2/s were lower than in non-dense breast (0.95±0.10)×10 -3 mm2/s(P =0.01 6).Conclusion The breast cancer in the dense breast has different MRI findings in comparison with non-dense breast.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the correlation between olfactory bulb (OB) volume, depth of olfactory sulcus (OS) and olfactory function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

METHODSFifty patients with MCI were compared with fifty controls in terms of olfactory function T&T testing, OB volume and depth of OS assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data.

RESULTST&T olfactory testing revealed that MCI patients had higher scores than controls (t = 3.142, P < 0.05). Both men and women with MCI were affected by the same extent of olfactory loss(t = 0.973, P > 0.05). Both men and women as controls were affected by the same extent of olfactory loss (t = 1.092, P > 0.05).OB volume of left side in MCI patients was (36.35 ± 4.09) mm(3), right side was (36.57 ± 4.13) mm(3), average OB volume was (36.47 ± 4.12) mm3; OB volume of left side in controls was (46.65 ± 6.23) mm(3), right side was (46.83 ± 6.27) mm(3), average OB volume was (46.71 ± 6.25)mm(3); OB volumes were lower in MCI patients as compared with controls (t value was 3.113, 3.145 and 3.132, all P < 0.01).OS depth study revealed no statistical different between MCI patients and controls (t value was 0.876,0.952 and 0.904, all P > 0.05). Olfactory discriminate threshold was negatively correlated with OB volume in MCI patients and controls (r value was -0.643, -0.541, both P < 0.05); was no correlated with depth of OS (r value was -0.167 and -0.183, both P > 0.05). Olfactory discriminate threshold was negatively correlated with cognitive impairment degree in MCI patients (r value was -0.427, -0.418 and -0.399, all P < 0.05), average OB volume was positively correlated with cognitive impairment degree in MCI patients (r value was 0.364, 0.383 and 0.379, all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe OB volumes are lower in MCI patients as compared with controls, the depth of OS show no significant changes in MCI patients. The OB volume is correlated with olfactory function, the depth of OS is not correlated with olfactory function. Cognitive impairment degree in MCI patients is accordance with olfactory function lower degree. The olfactory loss may be a earlier period and objective diagnosis indicator for MCI patients.

Cognition Disorders ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; complications ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Olfaction Disorders ; complications ; epidemiology ; Olfactory Bulb ; Organ Size ; Smell

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) infections in children, identify its risk factors and to raise the level of diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

METHODThe data of clinical and antimicrobial susceptibility of 32 cases of CRAB and 64 cases of carbapenem-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii (CSAB) infections as control seen between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2010 in Yuying Children's Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical College were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTThirty-two cases of CRAB infections were identified, 21 were male and 11 female. The ages ranged from 1 day to 16 years (median age 43 days) ,among whom 14 (44%) were aged < or = 28 days; 28 cases (88%) were diagnosed as hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and 4 cases (12%) had wound infection. The common primary diseases of the cases were neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (n = 12, 38%), followed by congenital heart disease (n = 5,16%) and open fractures (n = 5,16%). Before the isolation of CRAB, 10 cases (31%) had received major surgery;29 patients (91%) had stayed in ICUs, 26 cases (81%) had received tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation,the ventilation time was 2 -249 days (median: 12 days). Carbapenem was used in 17 cases (53%) previously, 13 (41%) had received beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, 8 (25%) had used 3rd-generation cephalosporins within 2 weeks before the isolation of CRAB. Sixteen cases (50%) were cured, 12 cases (38%) were improved, parents of 1 case(3%) automatically gave up hospitalization without being cured and 3 cases (9%) died. Forty-nine CRAB strains were isolated from the 32 cases, accounting for 10. 4% of AB isolation strains in the same period, in which 40 strains (82%) were isolated from sputum specimens and 9 strains (18%) from open wounds secretions. All 49 strains showed multidrug-resistance (MDR), of which 13 strains (27%) were pandrug-resistant (PDR) to the common antimicrobials. The rates of resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam and cephalosporins were 90% and more than 85%, respectively; while the rates of resistance to cefoperazone-sulbactam were 19%, the lowest among the tested agents. In multivariate analysis, receiving surgery (OR = 8.450), tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation for more than 10 days (OR = 6.366) and previous use of carbapenems (OR = 7.084) were independent risk factors for CRAB infections.

CONCLUSIONNosocomial infections in children due to CRAB infections mainly cause HAP and open wound infection. Previous surgery, prolonged tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation for more than 10 days and previous carbapenems therapy within 2 weeks before the isolation of CRAB were independent risk factors for CRAB infections. CRAB showed MDR or even PDR to the common antimicrobials, which made great difficulties in antibiotic choices.

Acinetobacter Infections ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Acinetobacter baumannii ; drug effects ; Adolescent ; Anti-Infective Agents ; pharmacology ; Carbapenems ; pharmacology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross Infection ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the proliferation and differentiation of cultured corneal stem cells and determine the effect of corneal stem cells cultured on amniotic membranes on the limbal area for treating corneal burns.

METHODSThe proliferation and differentiation of corneal stem cells in vitro had been examined using colony-forming efficiency and immunohistochemistry. The stem cells had been cultured on amniotic membranes and transplanted to the limbal area for treating corneal burns.

RESULTSCorneal stem cells had a high proliferation capacity in primary and first passage, cytokeratin 3 was not expressed in primary culture but partly in first passage. The stem cells could proliferate to form cell layer on an amniotic membrane. When transplanted, stem cells could survive on limbus. After transplantation, ocular inflammation resolved, the cornea re-epithelialized, the stromal opacity reduced, the superficial neovascularity was lessened and the conjunctival fornix re-established.

CONCLUSIONSOcular surface conditions could be improved by allograft of corneal stem cells cultured on amniotic membranes.

Alkalies ; Amnion ; transplantation ; Animals ; Burns, Chemical ; surgery ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Cells, Cultured ; Epithelium, Corneal ; chemistry ; cytology ; Eye Burns ; chemically induced ; surgery ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Keratins ; analysis ; Limbus Corneae ; chemistry ; cytology ; Rabbits ; Stem Cells ; chemistry ; cytology ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To explore the time and genotype distribution of human enterovirus (HEV) isolated from sewage in Shanghai in 2013-2014. Methods: One sewage sample each was collected from two local sewage plants located in Minhang District and Jiading District on the same day at the day 24-28 of every month from 2013 to 2014. Each sample weighed 1 L. The specimens were concentrated by anionic membrane absorption, eluted with beef extract solution, and then used to inoculate RD, HEp-2, and L20B cell lines. A total of 249 enterovirus strains were isolated from sewage samples during the study period, including 185 non-polio enterovirus (NPEV) and 64 poliovirus (PV) strains, which were identified as vaccine strains. RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify HEV genotypes. Homologous analysis of VP1 sequences was conducted using BioEdit (version 7.0.0). Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the neighbor-joining method based on the alignment of VP1 gene sequences using MEGA (version 4.0.2). Results: Among 185 NPEV strains, 178 strains were successfully sequenced and classified into 15 genotypes, including coxsackievirus group B (CVB) 2, 3, and 5; enteric cytopathic human orphan (ECHO) virus 1, 3, 6, 7, 11, 13, 19, 20, 24, 25, and 30; and coxsackievirus group A 4. CVB5 and ECHO6 genotypes accounted for 33.5% (56 strains) and 24.9% (43 strains) of NPEV isolates, respectively. During the study period, HEV isolates were mainly isolated in summer and autumn in Minhang District. ECHO6 strains were frequently isolated from June 2013 to July 2014. Thereafter, the number of ECHO6 strains gradually reduced in the second half of 2014. CVB5 strains demonstrated scattered distribution from 2013 to the first half of 2014 and gradually increased in the second half of 2014. The distribution of ECHO6 and CVB5 strains in Jiading District was similar to that in Minhang District. In 2013-2014, CVB5 strains comprised C6 and C8 subgenotypes, which belong to two transmission chains and show large differences compared with foreign strains isolated during the same period. ECHO6 strains comprised C6, C8, and D9 subgenotypes, which belong to three transmission chains. Moreover, ECHO6 subgenotype D9 was a dominant subgenotype in Shanghai, with broad geographical distribution both at home and abroad. Conclusion Poliovirus was identified as a vaccine strain in environmental surveillance from June 2013 to April 2014 in Shanghai. Several transmission strains of ECHO6 and CVB5 were identified, which were the dominant serotypes.