OBJECTIVE To analyze the pathogenic distribution and antimicrobial resistance in respiratory ward and provide the rational information to use antibiotics reasonably. METHODS All pathogens isolated from patients in a respiratory ward from 2005 to 2007 and drug susceptibility results were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Totally 264 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated,in which 68 strains of Gram-positive bacteria,165 strains of Gram-negative bacteria and 31 strains of fungi.MRSA prevalence was 77.1% and showed a trend of increase.No vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Enterococcus was detected.The resistance rate of Streptoccocus pneumoniae to penicillin,erythromycin and levofloxacin was 44.4-66.7%.Enterobacter and Acinetobacter baumannii showed stable susceptibility to imipenem.Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were relatively susceptible to cefoperazone /sulbactam,amikacin,gentamicin,piperacillin/tazobactam,ceftazidine,cefepime,cefoperazone and imipenem. CONCLUSIONS The changes in pathogens and antibiotic resistance in the respiratory ward are consistent with the surveillance data in this country,Gram-negative bacteria are still the most common pathogens and the serious degree of bacterial drug resistance is increasing.Our data are useful for the guidance of rational use of antibiotics.

Objective To explore the effects and the possible mechanism of Gingko biloba on liver injury due to arsenic poisoning in rats,and to provide experimental evidence for prevention and treatment of arsenic poisoning.Methods The corn powder baked by high arsenic coal was served as the main raw material to make feed containing arsenic.Forty healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups according to their body weights,including control group A,arsenic poisoning group,control group B,natural recovery group and Ginkgo biloba treatment group,eight rats in each group,half male and half female.The control group A rats were fed with normal diet ad libitum for 3.0 months;the arsenic poisoning group rats were freely given feed containing arsenic (100 mg/kg) for 3.0 months;the control group B rats were fed with normal diet ad libitum for 4.5 months;the natural recovery group rats were freely given arsenic (100 mg/kg) feed for 3.0 months,and then given a normal diet for 1.5 months;Ginkgo biloba treatment rats ingested arsenic feed for 3.0 months,and then give Ginkgo biloba solution (25 mg/kg) orally,6 d/week for 1.5 months,then back to normal diet.The content of arsenic in urine,liver,as well as the liver function indices [alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),total bile acids (TBA),gamma glutamyl aminopeptidase (GGT),glutathione S-transferase (GSTs)] and the oxidative stress indexes [superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GPx),thiol (-SH),malondialdehyde （MDA)] of liver homogenate,were measured.Results The arsenic content of urine and liver (geometric mean) of the rats in arsenic poisoning group (2 991.24 μg/g Cr,4.29 μg/g) were significantly higher than those in control group A (91.59 μg/g Cr,1.00 μg/g).Urinary arsenic and liver arsenic levels of rats in natural recovery and Ginkgo biloba treatment groups (467.39,334.48 μg/g Cr;,3.15,1.88 μg/g) were higher than those in control group B (99.54 μg/g Cr,0.85 μg/g).The arsenic contents of urine of the rats in natural recovery group,the arsenic contents of urine and liver of rats of Ginkgo biloba treatment group were all lower than those in arsenic poisoning group.The differences were significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The activity/contents of AST,TBA,GGT,GSTs of rats in arsenic poisoning group [(212.88 ± 29.76) U/L,(19.19 ± 4.33) μmol/L,(1.73 ± 0.50) U/L,(196.21 ± 47.38) U/L] were all significantly higher than those in control group A [(142.63 ± 24.20) U/L,(6.23 ± 2.95) μmol/L,(0.77 ± 0.32) U/L,(142.86 ± 28.58) U/L].The activity/contents of TBA,GGT,GSTs in natural recovery group were (17.07 ± 3.92) μ,mol/L,(1.47 ± 0.57) U/L and (178.06 ± 27.37) U/L;and the contents of TBA in Ginkgo biloba treatment group were (13.60 ± 3.00) μmol/L;which were all higher than those in control group B [(7.55 ± 2.45) μmol/L,(0.74 ± 0.51) U/L,(145.17 ± 28.59) U/L].The activity of AST in natural recovery group [(137.44 ± 23.20) U/L],the activity/contents of AST,TBA,GGT and GSTs in Ginkgo biloba treatment group[(129.63 ± 31.25) U/L,(13.60 ± 3.00) μmol/L,(1.15 ± 0.48) U/L,(155.64 ± 20.79) U/L,respectively] were all lower than those in arsenic poisoning group.The content of TBA in Ginkgo biloba treatment group was lower than that of natural recovery group.The differences of those indexes were all significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The activity/contents of SOD,GPx and-SH in arsenic poisoning group [(46.34 ± 11.39),(275.16 ± 92.00) U/mg prot and (0.08 ± 0.02) μmol/mg prot] were all significantly lower than those in control group A [(75.52 ± 8.72),(1 351.01 ± 395.96) U/mg prot,(0.13 ± 0.01) μmol/mg prot].The activity of SOD and GPx in natural recovery group [(42.44 ± 9.58),(694.87 ± 187.01) U/mg prot] were all lower than those in control group B [(68.17 ± 11.11),(1 342.80 ± 185.04) U/mg prot].The activity of GPx in natural recovery group,the activity/contents of SOD,GPx,-SH in Ginkgo biloba treatment group [(63.90 ± 10.44),(1 283.28 ± 373.87) U/mg prot,(0.12-± 0.02) μmol/mg prot] were all higher than those in arsenic poisoning group.The contents of SOD,GPx,-SH in Ginkgo biloba treatment group were higher than those of natural recovery group.The content of MDA in arsenic poisoning group [(3.05 ± 0.94) nmol/mg prot] was higher than that in control group A [(1.67 ± 0.55) nmol/mg prot].The content of MDA of rats in natural recovery and Ginkgo biloba treatment groups were (2.22 ± 0.93),(1.77 ± 0.37) nmol/mg prot,which were lower than those in the arsenic poisoning group.The differences of the above indexes were all significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ginkgo biloba can reduce the accumulation of arsenic in the liver and ameliorate lipid peroxidation,relieve liver injury effectively in rats caused by coal-burning arsenic.

Objective: To observe the effect of JianLiKeLi(JLKL) on immune function of rat with exercise-induced fatigue and discuss the mechanism of its anti-fatigue.Methods: SPF healthy SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:the control group,the SLJ group,the low dose of JLKL group,middle dose of JLKL group and high dose of JLKL group.The chronic fatigue model was established by exhaustive swimming.Eyeball was removed to collect blood,and the ability of T lymphocyte proliferation,NK cells,IL-1 and IL-6 were tested.Results: Compared with the control group,T cells proliferation in the high and middle dose of JKLL groups increased,the activities of NK cells,IL-1 and IL-6 in the three doses of JLKL groups and the SLJ group were all higher(P

Objective To investigate feasibility of laparoscopic anatomical nerve sparing radical hysterectomy (LANSRH) used for locally advanced cervical cancer treatment and evaluate early recovery of bladder function postoperatively. Methods From October 2006 to September 2007, 37 cervical cancer patients with stage Ⅰb1 to Ⅱ a underwent LANSRH(LANSRH group) with pelvic lymphadenectomy matched 25 patients with cervical cancer treated by general laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH,LRH group) with pelvic lymphadenectomy. The data of operating time, blood loss, numbers of lymph node, the length of resected vaginal and paracervix tissue were collected and compared. In the mean time, postoperative recovery of bladder function was evaluated. Results The laparoscopic anatomic nerve-sparing procedure was performed successfully and safely among all patients. (1) There was no remarkable difference in the following clinical parameters between LANSRH and LRH group: median operating time [(175±41) min vs. (178±30) min, P=0.72 ], blood loss [(233±104)ml vs. (218±77) ml, P=0.06], numbers of lymph nodes (13±4 vs. 15±6, P=0.16), resected length of paracervix tissue [(3.6±0.5)cm vs. (3.7±0.6) cm, P=0.43], resected length of vaginal tissue [(3.5±1.0)cm vs. (3.5±0.8) cm, P=0.80]. (2) The mean time of the Foley catheter removed was (10.6±2.7)days(7-17 days)in LANSRH group and (17.2±4.2)days(9-25 days)in LRH group (P=0.02). After Foley catheter removed, 95% (35/37) presented bladder fulfilling sense, 86% (32/37) presented automatic micturition and urination emptying in LANSRH group. However, In LRH group, 88% (22/25) presented bladder fulfilling sense, 76% (19/25) presented automatic micturition and urination emptying. The bladder void function recovery were 68% (25/37) in class 0 and 3% (1/37) in class Ⅱ in LANSRH group, when compared with 40% (10/25) in class 0 and 12% (3/25) in class Ⅱ in LRH group, it reached statistical difference (P<0.05). In the mean time, there was no significant difference in Class Ⅰ bladder void function recovery, which were 24% (9/37) and 48% (12/25). (3) No surgery complications and blood transfusion were observed in LANSRH and LRH group. Postoperative pathology suggested that no tumor cell invasion occurred in paracervix tissue and lymph nodes. During the range of 11 to 19 months follow-up, all patients were alive without tumor recurrence and metastasis. Conclusion LANSRH is safe and feasible surgical management for cervical cancer at early stage and would improve the recovery of bladder voiding function postoperatively by sparing anatomical nerve.

Objective To evaluate the potential influencing factors associated with pathologic complete response ( pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer ( LARC) . Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data 265 patients with stageⅡandⅢ( the 7th version of AJCC) rectal cancer admitted to our hospital from 2011 to 2013. All patients underwent neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy ( CCRT ) followed by surgery with/or without induction chemotherapy during the interval between the complete of CCRT and surgery. The predictors associated with pCR were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. With the use of the independent predictive variables for pCR from multivariate analysis, a clinical risk score model was established according to the following criteria:no?risk group (0 factor);low?risk group (1 factor);high?risk group ( 2 factors) . Results Among these 265 patients, 50( 18. 9%) achieved pCR. The univariate analysis showed that carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA) level before CCRT ( P=0. 017) , T stage before CCRT ( P=0. 001), interval between complete of CCRT and surgery (P=0. 000), and the maximum tumor thickness before CCRT ( P=0. 040) were significantly associated with pCR. The multivariate analysis showed that pre?CCRT CEA level ( P=0. 021 or 0. 446) and interval between the complete of CCRT and surgery ( P=0. 000 or 3. 774) were significant predictors of pCR. When stratifying for smoking status, only low pre?CCRT CEA level was significantly associated with pCR in the non?smoking patients ( P=0. 044) . For the prediction of pCR by the clinical risk score model, the sensitivity was 0. 805, the specificity was 0. 460, the area under the receiver operating curve was 0. 690 ( 95% CI= 0. 613?0. 767 ) , the positive predictive value was 35 . 4 9%, the negative predictive value was 8 6 . 5%, and the predictive accuracy was 7 3 . 9%. Conclusions For locally advanced rectal cancer, pCR can be achieved in some patients after neoadjuvant therapy. Low pre?CCRT CEA level and long interval time between CCRT and surgery are independent factors associated with pCR, and only low pre?CCRT CEA level is an associated factor in the group of nonsmokers. The clinical risk score model based on pre?CCRT CEA level>5 ng/ml and time interval from CCRT completion to surgery≤8 weeks can be used to predict pCR after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for LARC.

Objective To study the association of metabolic syndrome (MS)with cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods According to the diagnostiv criteria for MS,1457 MS patients as the research objects,who were screened out of the tangshian harbor economic development zone hospital.All patients were detected with waist circ-umference,seat systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic boold pressure(DBP),fasting Plasma glucose(FPG),total cholesterol(TC),low -density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL -C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL -C),tri-glyceride(TG).By 3 years follow -up and the carotid ultrasound detection of carotid intima -media thickness(IMT), all the patients were divided into three groups according to the diagnosis:event group (Coronary heart disease +Hypertensive heart disease,stroke,Coronary heart disease +Hypertensive heart disease +stroke)and control group. Results The patients′SBP[(145.5 ±15.7)mmHg,(149.9 ±13.8)mmHg,(156.3 ±14.6)mmHg],DBP [(92.5 ±8.7)mmHg,(97.9 ±9.0)mmHg,(101.0 ±10.0)mmHg],FPG[(6.3 ±2.6)mmol/L,(6.0 ± 2.5)mmol/L,(6.9 ±2.6)mmol/L],TC[(5.46 ±1.28)mmol/L,(5.10 ±1.15)mmol/L,(5.37 ±1.21)mmol/L], LDL -C[(3.40 ±0.75)mmol/L,(3.08 ±0.65)mmol/L,(3.24 ±0.72)mmol/L],TG[(3.44 ±1.60)mmol/L, (3.31 ±1.52)mmol/L,(3.38 ±1.58)mmol/L]of the event group were significantly higher than the control group [(139.2 ±17.4)mmHg,(85.6 ±9.1 )mmHg,(5.5 ±2.1 )mmol/L,(1.4 ±0.4 )mmol/L,(2.59 ± 0.64)mmol/L,(2.61 ±1.28)mmol/L]and HDL -C[(1.13 ±0.38)mmol/L,(1.2 ±0.4)mmol/L,(0.9 ± 0.23)mmol/L]was significantly lower than the control group[(1.4 ±0.4)mmol/L](P <0.05).Detection rates of all the event groups were significantly higher in age[(53.4 ±6.4)years,(54.6 ±6.6)years,56.3 ±6.8)years], hypertensive heart disease(67.8%,74.8%,88.0%),high blood sugar(46.7%,42.9%,49.7%),and carotid atherosvletosis (19.9%,18.9%,29.3%)than the control group[(47.2 ±6.5)years,47.2%,24.3%,5%)](P <0.05).Conclusion There was a correlation between Mdtabolic syndrome and Cardiovascular disease.

Objective To observe the effects of curcumin on hepatic oxidant stress in water arsenic-exposed rats and to study its mechanism,which can offer references for curcumin used in antioxidant therapy of arsenic poisoning.Methods Thirty-two SD rats were divided into 4 groups according to body weight by random number table,half male and half female.Including control group (lavaged 135 days with deionized water),arsenic poisoning group (lavaged 45 days with deionized water after lavaging 90 days with 10 mg/kg sodium arsenite),pure curcumin group (lavaged 135 days with 1 000 mg/kg curcumin solution) and curcumin treatment group (lavaged 45 days with 1 000 mg/kg curcumin solution after lavaging 90 days with 10 mg/kg sodium arsenite),8 rats in each group.The arsenic contents of urine (urine creatinine corrected) and liver were detected by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (HG-ICP-OES);the activity of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and catalase (CAT),the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and liver homogenate by colorimetric method;the protein expression of liver antioxidant enzyme (SOD 1 and CAT) was assayed by Western blotting.Results The arsenic contents of urine and liver in arsenic poisoning group [(5.83 ± 0.29)μg/g Cr,(15.76 ± 1.65)μg/g] and the arsenic contents of urine in curcumin treatment group [(1.07 ± 0.14)μg/g Cr] were obviously higher than those of control group [(0.40 ± 0.14)μg/g Cr,(4.56 ± 1.05)μg/g,all P ＜ 0.05];compared to arsenic poisoning group,the arsenic contents of urine and liver in curcumin treatment group [(1.07 ± 0.14)μg/g Cr,(5.42 ± 1.76)μg/g] were obviously lower (all P ＜ 0.05).The contents of serum and liver SOD1,CAT and MDA in control group respectively were (102.46 ± 5.03),(29.33 ± 8.13)U/ml,(3.11 ± 0.49)μ mol/L and (204.05 ± 18.33),(126.26 ± 13.19)U/mg prot,(1.62 ± 0.42) μmol/g prot.Compared to the control,the activity of serum and liver SOD1 and CAT in arsenic poisoning group [(60.97 ± 7.94),(13.56 ± 5.14)U/ml and (133.66 ± 11.51),(74.01 ± 13.30)U/mg prot] were lower,the contents of MDA [(7.26 ± 0.54)μmol/L and (2.61 ± 0.52)μmol/g prot] were higher (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared to arsenic poisoning group,the activity of serum and liver SOD1 and CAT in curcumin treatment group [(87.39 ± 9.38),(20.45 ± 6.49) U/ml and (178.27 ± 9.32),(93.70 ± 20.35)U/mg prot] were higher,the contents of MDA [(4.34 ± 0.79)μmol/L and (1.92 ± 0.18)μmol/g prot] were lower (all P ＜ 0.05).The protein expressions of SOD1 and CAT in control group respectively were 0.64 ± 0.32 and 0.72 ± 0.31.Compared to the control group,the protein expressions of SOD1 and CAT in pure curcumin group (1.03 ± 0.23,1.02 ± 0.20) were significantly higher (all P ＜ 0.05) and in arsenic poisoning group (0.34 ± 0.12,0.39 ± 0.11) were lower (all P ＜ 0.05);Compared with the arsenic poisoning group,the protein expressions of SOD1 and CAT in curcumin treatment group (0.58 ± 0.09,0.68 ± 0.29) were significantly higher (all P ＜ 0.05).The arsenic content of urine in rats were positively related with arsenic content of liver and the content of MDA [correlation coefficient (r) =0.952,0.732,all P ＜ 0.05],but negativity related with the activity of SOD1 and CAT in liver (r =-0.874,-0.679,all P ＜ 0.05);the activity of SOD1 and CAT and the content of MDA in serum and liver were positively related (r =0.796,0.484,0.607,all P ＜ 0.05),the activity and protein expression of SOD1 and CAT in liver were positively related (r =0.748,0.424,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The curcumin may improve the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzyme in water arsenic-exposed rats and effectively decrease lipid poroxidation damage caused by arsenic via promoting the excretion of arsenic and the protein expression of hepatic antioxidant enzyme.

OBJECTIVE Study the kidney toxic effects caused by burning coal endemic arsenism in rats,application bench mark dose (BMD) method to investigate the bench mark dose of urinary arsenic (UAs)and the changes in bio markers of renal function.METHODS Wistar rats were fed for 90 d with arsenic 0,25,50,100 mg·kg -1 conta minated feed.Urinary arsenic,kidney arsenic and renal function indicators were determined,and routine pathological and fibrosis of kidney were exa mined.UAs as the exposure bio marker,Uβ2-MG,UNAG and UALB for the effect bio markers,application bench mark dose method to calculate the BMD and BMDL of UAs for each effect bio markers.RESULTS UAs,KAs, Uβ2-MG,UNAG,UALB levels of rats in arsenic 100 mg·kg -1 group were increased than normal group (P <0.05);In light microscope,the results of HE staining of rat kidney in all arsenic dose groups showed infla mmatory cell infiltration,renal tubular epithelial cell swelling,renal interstitial capillary dila-tion,congestion and other varying degrees pathological changes,and the results of masson staining showed varying degrees of tubulointerstitial fibrosis;UAs as the exposure bio marker,Uβ2-MG,UNAG, UALB for the effects of mark,the BMD and BMDL of UAs for Uβ2-MG,UNAG,UALB were calculated, the BMD values were 998.9,1213.5,1386.9 μg·g -1 Cr,the BMDL values were 660.5,803.6 and 909. 4 μg·g -1 Cr,respectively.CONCLUSION Burning coal arsenic pollution can cause kidney da mage in rats,mini mal change nephropathy may be the pri mary pathological in the coal arsenic conta mination of kidney da mage.The BMD and BMDL of UAs were 998.9,660.5 μg·g -1 Cr,the early changes of renal function of burning coal arsenism in rats;it is reco mmended to use the more sensitive bio markers Uβ2-MG to calculate the biological exposure li mits on renal injury caused by arsenic.

OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of superoxidase (SOD)-enriched cili juice (CJSOD)on immune function of arseniasis rats,in order to provide a experi mental basis for the search of drugs of immune regulation of the ende mic arsenic poisoning.METHODS Wistar rats were rando mly divided into arsenic 25,50 and 100mg·g-1 groups to be fed 164.67 pp marsenic conta minated grain at levels of 15%,30% and 60%,experi mental period was 90d,CJSOD intervention group was fed with feed contained arsenic 100mg·kg-1 for 90d,then CJSOD was ad ministered at 10mL·kg-1 (6d /week) for 45d.The urine arsenic contents,blood T-ly mphocyte subsets (CD3 +,CD4 +,CD8 + T cell),seru mimmunoglobulin (IgG,IgM,IgA)and complement (C3,C4)were analyzed.RESULTS Co mpared with the normal control group,As 50 and 100mg·kg-1 group had significantly lower CD3 +(46.21 ± 21 .62,31 .31 ±7.73),CD4 +(30.36 ±9.97,25.94 ±12.94)and the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 +(1 .12 ±0.41 , 1 .12 ±0.41 ).As 100mg·kg-1 group showed clearly high levels of C4(81 .18 ±13.23)(P <0.05). Co mpared with the As 100mg·kg-1 group,after intervention with CJSOD,the positive rate of CD3 +(54.06 ±25.77),CD4 +(42.50 ±17.01 ),and the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 +(1 .80 ±0.71 )were significantly increased,while the result of C4 (68.70 ±10.30)and the urine arsenic contents 〔253.82 (158.21 ~494. 11 )〕was significantly decreased(P <0.05).The levels of urine arsenic in rat and CD3 +,CD4 +and CD4 +/CD8 + were negatively correlated,while positive correlation existed between the level of urine arsenic and C4(P <0.01 ).CONCLUSION Arsenic inhibit the immune function in rats.Arsenic load levels were positively correlated with the degree of inhibition.CJSOD preparation can i mprove the immune function of arseniasis rats.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of atorvastatin calcium on the carotid intima-media thickness(IMT)and other related indicators in patients with metabolic syndrome(MS). METHODS:The data of 1 444 patients with MS were retrospectively analyzed and randomly divided into observation group(874 cases)and control group(570 cases)by different medication. All patients were given healthy lifestyle,antihypertensive,hypoglycemia and lowering blood lipid guidance. On this basis,treatment group was orally given atorvastatin calcium 20 mg,once every evening. The follow-up was conducted for 3 years. The clinic data in 2 groups was compared,including body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),pulse pressure(PP),IMT,total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low conspired lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and incidence of adverse reactions before and after treatment. RESULTS:After treatment,compared with before and control group,the BMI、WC、SBP、DBP、PP、IMT、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、hs-CRP and FPG in observation group were significantly improved,only TG、LDL-C and HDL-C in control group were significantly improved,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Based on the conventional treatment,atorvastatin calcium can effectively improve the IMT and blood lipid,blood pressure and blood glucose of patients with MS,with good safety.