BACKGROUND:Cilium is an antenna-like organele that plays a vital role in al organs generation and maintenance.Ciliopathiesrefer tomultisystem diseasescaused bydisordersofthecilia structure and function. OBJECTIVE:To introduce current understanding of the structure and function of the cilium,with afocus on the study progress ofciliopathies. METHODS:PubMed databasewas searched by computerusing the keywords of“primary cilium, motion cilium,ciliopathy”.Totally 371 relevantarticlespublished from 1959 to 2015 were retrieved. After excluding repetitive and irrelevant articles,we enrolled32 English literaturesregardingcilia structure, functionand ciliopathiesin accordance with the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Ciliopathiesalmostinvolve every system of the human body, such asthe brain, eyes, liver, kidney, bone and reproductive system.Most ciliopathies are related to human developmental or degenerative diseases, which characterized by wide-ranging clinical and genetic heterogeneity,such asprimary ciliary dyskinesia,ploycystic kidney disease, infertility, blindness and tumor. In view ofthemedical importanceof the cilium, scholars have devoted tostudyingthe underlying celular mechanisms.Thesein turnhave revealed thatciliopathiesare not only caused bydefectiveassemblyof the cilium,but also by impaired ciliarysignaling.

Objective To detect the Telomerase inhibitor-antisense phosphorothiate oligonucleotide (asONS) effect on telomerase activity of human bladder tumor cell line BIU-87.Methods BIU-87 cells and cell extracts are cultured with asONS,non-asONS and control fluid at different concentrations and times respectively.Telomerase activity was assayed by TRAP PCR-ELASA.Results AsONS can inhibit the activity of BIU-87 cells ,whereas non-asONS and control group not, and have significant difference(P

Objective To study the relationship between serum and cerebrospinal fluid neuron specific enolase (NSE) and myelin basic protein (MBP) concentrations with the disease progress and prognosis in the patients with craniocerebral injury.Methods Forty-five patients with craniocerebral injury treated in our hospital were selected and divided into the mild group,moderate group and severe group according to disease severity;which were divided into the subdural hematoma group,epidural hematoma group,cerebral contusion and laceration group and combined injury group according to the injury types;which were divided into the death and plant survival group,disability group and good recovery group.Other 15 individuals undergoing physical examination were selected as the control group.The concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid and serum NSE and MBP were detected at admission in the patients with craniocerebral injury and control group,on 1,7,14 d after injury in the patients with severe craniocerebral injury.Results The concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid and serum NSE and MBP in the patients with mild,moderate and severe craniocerebral injury were significantly higher than those in the control group,the severe group was significantly higher than the moderate group(P<0.05);the concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid and serum NSE and MBP in the patients with epidural hematoma were lowest,while which in the combine injury group were significantly higher than those in the subdural hematoma group,epidural hematoma group and cerebral contusion and laceration group(P<0.05);which in the death and plant survival group were significantly higher than those in the disability group and good recovery group(P<0.05);which on 1-14 d after injury in the patients with severe craniocerebral injury showed the decreasing trend,but which on 14 d were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The concentrations of cerebrospinal and fluid serum NSE and MBP are positively correlated with injury severity,which can serve as the basis for diagnosis and prognosis judgment.

Objective To discuss effect of indwelling bubble technique combined with CO2 laser treatment against condyloma acuminatum on reduction of wound hemorrhage. Methods 400 patients with condyloma accuminatum were divided into the control group and the experimental group with 200 patients in each group, traditional oppression for hemostasis and bubble retention hemostasis were used in CO2 laser treatment against condyloma acuminatum respectively.The effect of each group was compared with χ2 and t test. Results The relapse rate and hemorrhage rate in the experimetnal group was lower than those of the control group. Conclusions With indwelling bubble technique after infiltration anesthesia of local skin in the treatment of condyloma accuminatum by CO2 laser, the operator can work under clear vision and the op-eration quality can be increased.

Objective By observing the incidence of postoperative hyperalgesia in patients with total intravenous anesthesia,to study the effects of different anesthesia depth on postoperative hyperalgesia.Methods Forty gynecologic patients undergoing open lower abdominal operation were randomized into two groups (n=20): group B1 with BIS 40-49 and the group B2 with BIS 50-59.Anaesthesia was induced and maintained with intravenous anesthetics.The threshold of haphalgesia and the range of mechanical hyperalgesia were measured before operation.The consumption of the intravenous anesthetics,the emergence time and the extubation time were recorded.The vital signs were recorded at eight time points: pre-aneasthesia (T0),abdominal exploration (T1),the end of operation (T2)and 1 h (T3),4 h (T4),12 h (T5),24 h (T6),48 h (T7) after extubation.The VAS scores at T3-T7 were recorded.The PCA dosage of analgesic and superaddition in postoperative 24 h and 48 h were recored.The Von Frey Hairs were used to assessed the threshold of haphalgesia and the range of mechanical hyperalgesia at T6 and T7.Results The MAP at T6 and T7 and the VAS scores at T6 of the group B1 were lower than those of the group B2 (P<0.05).The range of mechanical hyperalgesia at T7 of the group B1 was narrower than that of the group B2 (P<0.05).Conclusion Maintaining the anesthesia depth within BIS 40-49 can reduce the body′s stress reaction,decrease the incidence of postoperative hyperalgesia and accelerate the recovery time of mechanical hyperalgesia in postoperative 48 h.

Objectives:To study the role of COX-2 and bFGF in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Methods:The expressions of COX-2 and bFGF were exmined by immunohistochemical staining with anti-COX-2 and anti-bFGF monoclonal antibodies respectively in 23 cases of OSCC,25 of oral leukoplakia(OLK)and 10 of normal oral mucosa.Results:COX-2 was detected in 20/23 cases of OSCC,13/25 of OLK and 0/10 of normal oral mucosa(P

Objective To evaluate the influence of a selective Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor (fasudil hydrochloride) on outflow facility in enucleated porcine,rabbit and bovine eyes.Methods At the constant perfusion pressure of 15 mm-Hg (1 kPa =7.5 mmHg),the baseline coefficient of outflow facility (C0) of the isolated porcine,rabbit and bovine eyes was recorded respectively.The enucleated porcine eyes were divided into two groups randomly (n =6),and they were control group and experimental group.The same grouping method was also used-C0 the ribbit and bovine eyes.The control group was subjected to GPBS perfusion,while the experimental group was treated with 100 μmol · L-1 fasudil solution,followed by recording the experimental coefficient of outflow facility (C1),as well as calculating ΔC (ΔC =C1-C0) and ΔC％ (ΔC％ =ΔC/C0).Finally,the paired t test and one-way analysis of variance were performed using SPSS 17.0.Results As for porcine eyes,the ΔC％ of the control group was (17.83 ± 3.84) ％ while the experimental group was (44.00 ± 6.44) ％;as for rabbit eyes,the ΔC％ of the control group was (15.50 ± 2.93) ％,while the experimental group was (31.67 ±6.54)％;as for bovine eyes,the ΔC％ of the control group was (11.67 ± 1.17)％,while the experimental group was (37.17 ± 4.48)％.The ΔC％ in the experimental group was significantly increased when compared with the control group in three animals,with significant difference (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical difference in ΔC％ of three experimental groups among different kinds of animals (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Fasudil can improve outflow facility in enucleated eyes of animals,and it can redistribute aqueous humor drainage to a wider area through directly regulating the cytoskeleton of cells and matrix,resulting in increased coefficient of outflow facility.

Background: The clinical manifestations of some rare diseases of the stomach are nonspecific, which may lead to missed diagnosis, misdiagnosis, and delayed or inappropriate management. Aims: To investigate the clinicopathological features and immunohistochemistry of some rare diseases of the stomach and their application in diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Methods: Gastroscopic biopsy specimens from Jan. 2017 to Dec. 2017 at the First Hospital of Harbin were reviewed. Twelve pathology-proved rare and easily misdiagnosed cases were screened out for analysis of clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical markers retrospectively. Results: Twelve rare diseases of the stomach, including one case of primary squamous cell carcinoma, 8 cases of metastatic carcinoma, two cases of primary neuroendocrine tumor, and one case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were enrolled. In 8 cases of metastatic carcinoma, 2 were mammary origin, 3 were kidney origin, 2 were lung origin and 1 was liver origin. Each lesion had its unique histomorphological appearance and specific immunohistochemical markers. Conclusions: Tissue obtained from gastroscopic biopsy is limited. Familiar with the histomorphology and immunohistochemical markers of rare diseases of the stomach may avoid misdiagnosis and inappropriate management.

There were some shortcomings for traditional teaching mode of nutrition and food hygiene course, such as many teaching contents and little teaching time, students much passively learning and little active learning. We explored the combination of the WeChat and the TBL teaching to conduct the flipped classroom to solve the deficiency. The teaching pattern was conducted in 60 students majoring in preventive medicine from Grade 2012. The learning task of nutrition and food hygiene was released on the WeChat before the class. Students learned knowledge in the form of discussion based on case in the class. After the class, the discussion, answer the question and test were conducted on the WeChat. The survey showed that 85% of the students were satisfied with teaching pattern,especially satisfied with its role of broadening students' knowledge and vision, improving their autonomous learning ability, teamwork ability, and their ability to analyze and solve problems.

Objective To observe and analyze the causes and prognosis of postoperative vitreous hemorrhage (PVH) after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).Methods A total of 160 PDR patients (171 eyes) were enrolled in this retrospective study.There were 85 males and 75 females.The patients aged from 33 to 73 years,with the mean age of (56.40±8.97) years.All the patients were performed 25G pars plana vitrectomy by the same doctor.Fibrovascular membrane peeling and panretinal photocoagulation were performed during the operation.Combined phacoemulsification was performed in one hundred and five patients.Vitreous tamponade was used at the end of surgery,including silicone oil (43 eyes),C3F8 (63 eyes),air or fluid (65 eyes).The follow-up ranged from 6 to 22 months,with the mean follow-up of (9.34±6.97) months.The features of PVH were observed.The difference of age,HbA1 c,creatinine level,the severity of the fundus lesions,whether received treatment of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),whether received combined cataract phacoemulsification were analyzed to find out the cause and prognosis of PVH.Results The corrected vision of all the patients after the primary PPV at the latest follow up was finger counting/1 meter.PVH occurred in 15 eyes of 15 patients,the incidence was 8.77％.The PVH occurred 2 weeks to 6 months after surgery.There were significant difference in age (t=2.551),proportion with tractional retinal detachment (x2=7.431),progressive fibrovascular proliferation (x2=4.987) and using anti-VEGF (x2=9.742) between the patients with and without PVH (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in HbAlc (t=0.501),creatinine level (t=1.529),and the proportion of cataract phacoemulsification (x2=0.452) between the patients with and without PVH (P＞0.05).During follow-up,neovascularization of iris (NVI) occurred in 1 eye and neovascular glaucoma (NVG) occurred in 4 eyes.Seven eyes underwent reoperation,7 eyes were spontaneous recovered,1 eye with NVG give up treatment.Fibrovascular membrane was the major cause of recurrent hemorrhage.At the end of follow-up,hemorrhage was absorbed in all the 14 eyes which were treated,12 eyes had same visual acuity compared to that before postoperative hemorrhage,2 eyes with NVG had decreased vision.There was significant difference in the corrected vision between the patients with and without NVI or NVG (P=0.022).Conclusions PVH after PPV for PDR is closely related to the severity of diabetic retinopathy,fibrovascular membrane is the major cause of recurrent hemorrhage.NVG is an important factor related to vision acuity prognosis.