Objective To study the feasibility of joint phototherapy in the treatment of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and non-drug therapy in clinical popularization value of 1064 nm Qswitched laser in combination with low energy intense pulsed noncoherent light for secondary pigmentation.Methods A total of 128 patients with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation were randomly divided into 3 groups according to different treatments:first group (42 cases) was subjected to low energy 1064 nm Q-switched laser treatment;second group (40 cases) had intense pulsed light treatment;third group (46 cases) had low energy 1064 nm Q-switched laser plus intense pulsed light therapy.Results After treating for 6 times,the effective rates of intense pulsed light and Q laser were 50％ (20/40) and 52.4％ (22/42),respectively,without statistical significance between two groups (P＞0.05).Effective rate of the third group was 73.9％ (34/46),with significant difference (P＜0.05),compared with the first two groups.Conclusions For those who refuse any drug treatment,low energy 1064 nm Q-switched laser with intense pulsed light therapy is an effective option to facial postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.Furthermore,it has obvious and safe effect without complications and deserves popularization.

Objective To establish an animal model of high-iodine and low-protein in Wistar rats,and to observe the effect of combined excess-iodine and low-protein diet on growth,metabolism and morphological changes in thyroid.Methods According to body weight[(110 ± 10)g] and sex(half male and half female),one hundred and ninety-two Wistar rats,1 month after weaning,were randomly divided into ① normal iodine control group (NI),② 10-fold excess-iodine group (10HI),③ 50-fold excess-iodine group (50HI),④ 100-fold excess-iodine group (100HI),⑤ low-protein control group (LC),⑥ low-protein and l 0-fold excess-iodine group (L10HI),⑦low-protein and 50-fold excess-iodine group (L50HI),⑧ low-protein and 100-fold excess-iodine group(L100HI).Twenty-four rats were in each group,with the experimental period of 6 months.The iodine content of NI and LC groups was 4.65 μg/d; 10HI,50HI and 100HI groups were 46.50,232.50 and 465.00 μg/d,respectively.The animal's body weight,water and feed consumption were recorded weekly.At the end of 60,120,180 days,urine and blood samples were collected from eight rats in each group.Urinary iodine was tested by arseni cerium catalytic spectrophotometry; serum iodine was tested by the method of chloric acid.Histological change of the thyroid gland was observed by transmission electron microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining at the end of 6 months; apoptosis of thyroid was tested by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method.Results At the end of 4,8,16,18,22 and 24 weeks,the differences of body mass of rats among groups were statistically significant(F =4.26,3.75,4.98,4.09,3.28,3.95,all P ＜ 0.05).At the end of 60,120,180 days,the differences of iodine concentration in urine and blood among groups were statistically significantly (H =5.37,6.03,all P ＜ 0.05).Light microscopy showed that thyroid follicular epithelial cells became flattened,and follicles became distended with colloid following increasing of iodine concentration.Electron microscopy showed increased glial vesicles,condensation of nuclear chromatin,karyopyknosis,and karyolysis with increasing of iodine concentration.The differences of apoptotic indexes among groups were statistically significant (F =4.59,P ＜ 0.01).The apoptotic indexes of L50HI and L100HI groups [(21.50 ± 5.20)‰,(26.70 ± 6.40)‰] were higher than those of 50HI and 100HI groups [(11.20 ± 4.30)‰,(19.40 ± 4.80)‰,P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05].Conclusion Excessiodine and low-protein can cause growth retardation,abnormal iodine metabolism,and thyroid follicular epithelium damage in Wistar rats.

Objective To understand the schedule and effectiveness of water-improving defluoridation projects comprehensively of control of fluorosis in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Shandong Province,and to provide a scientific basis for making strategies for prevention and control of the disease.Methods In accordance with the requirements of Shandong Provincial Survey Scheme for Implementation of Prevention and Control Measures of Endemic Fluorosis,the progress of water-improving defluoridation projects was investigated in Shandong Province.The types of water source,scale and operating conditions for water-improving defluoridation projects in 17 cities of the province were investigated.Water fluoride contents of the normal operating projects were detected by F-ion selective electrode.Results ① By the end of 2012,a total of 3 539 water-improving defluoridation projects were built that covered 9 856 fluorosis villages,113 counties,17 cities in the province,and the water-improving rate was 91.01％ (9 856/10 830).The type of water source of water-improving project was mainly groundwater,accounted for 93.78％ (3 319/3 539) of the total projects.As for the scale of the water-improving projects,small centralized water supply projects were the main projects,accounted for 92.96％(3 290/3 539) of the total projects.\)Of all the water-improving defluoridation projects,normal operating projects accounted for 89.12％(3 154/3 539),intermittent and scrapped projects accounted for 3.25％(115/3 539) and 7.63％ (270/3 539),respectively.③Among normal operating projects,the number of projects with water fluoride content ≤ 1.20 mg/L was 1 925,accounted for 72.40％(1 925/2 659).The number of projects with water fluoride content ＞ 1.20 mg/L was 734,accounted for 27.60％ (734/2 659); among them water fluoride contents between 2.01-4.00 mg/L and ＞ 4.00 mg/L were 233 and 65,respectively,and the highest water fluoride value was 9.71 mg/L.Conclusions The progress of water-improving projects in some cities (counties) of Shandong Province is still slow.Some of the water-improving projects can not be operated normally or have been scrapped,and water fluoride content has exceeded the standard seriously.So the prevention and control measures need to be further strengthened,funding should be increased,and the operating conditions and water quality of the water-improving defluoridation projects in Shandong need to be further improved.

Objective To investigate the value of cytokines in bile combined with clinical indices in predicting the degree of liver injury after liver transplantation. MethodsA total of 16 patients undergoing liver transplantation who were hospitalized in Center of Organ Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, from January to December 2018 were enrolled, and according to the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) on day 1 after surgery, the patients were divided into mild liver injury (ALT ＜500 U/L) group with 10 patients and severe liver injury (ALT ＞500 U/L) group with 6 patients. Bile samples were collected on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after surgery, and MILLIPLEX assay was used to measure the levels of 17 cytokines. R software was used to perform principal component analysis (PCA) of bile cytokines and clinical indices and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of bile cytokines. The two-independent-samples t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups; The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups. A Spearman correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between clinical indices and bile cytokines. ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of cytokines in bile and clinical indices for liver injury after liver transplantation. ResultsCompared with the mild liver injury group, the severe liver injury group had significantly higher expression levels of bile Fractalkine (Z=-2.828, P=0.003), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) (Z=-2.850, P=0.008), interleukin-4 (Z=-2.398, P=0.017), CXCL10 (Z=-2.475, P=0.023), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (Z=-1844, P=0.043). The correlation analysis showed that on day 1 after liver transplantation, aspartate aminotransferase, ALT, and lactate dehydrogenase were positively correlated with the levels of several cytokines in bile (all P＜0.05). The area under the ROC curve of Fractalkine, sCD40L and AST were 0.933 (0.812-1.000), 0.833 (0.589-1.000) and 0.917 (0.779-1.000), respectively, suggesting that AST and Fractalkine and sCD40L in bile on the first day after liver transplantation have significant predictive value for liver injury. The results of PCA showed that bile cytokines combined with clinical indices on day 1 after liver transplantation could better distinguish the patients with mild liver injury from those with severe liver injury. GO analysis showed that bile cytokines were associated with positive feedback regulation of external stimulus, cell chemotaxis, receptor ligand activity, cytokine activity, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. ConclusionFractalkine and sCD40L in bile can predict the degree of liver injury after liver transplantation.

Objective:To discuss the regulatory effect of berberine(BBR)on fatty acids in the human glioma T98G cells and its effect on the cell proliferation,migration,and invasion,and to clarify its potential mechanism.Methods:The T98G cells at logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group and different concentrations(25,50,and 100 mg·L-1)of BBR groups.Cell wound healing assay was used to detect the migration rates of the cells in various groups;Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the invasion rates of the cells in various groups.The T98G cells at logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group and 100 mg·L-1 BBR group,and Mass spectrometry was used to detect the fatty acid contents in the cells in two groups.The T98G cells at logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group and different concentrations(50,100,and 150 mg·L-1)of BBR groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),phosphorylated PI3K(p-PI3K),protein kinase B(AKT),phosphorylated AKT(p-AKT),sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1(SREBP-1),and fatty acid synthase(FASN)in the cells in various groups.The expression of FASN was suppressed by gene silencing technology,and the T98G cells at logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group,shFASN1 group,and shFASN2 group.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of FASN protein in the cells in various groups;clone formation assay was used to detect the clone formation of the cells in various groups;cell wound healing assay was used to detect the migration rates of the cells in various groups.Results:Compared with control group,the migration rates and invasion rates of the cells in different concentrations of BBR groups were decreased in a concentration-dependent manner(P<0.01),and the fatty acid content in the cells in 100 mg·L-1 BBR group was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the expression levels of p-PI3K,p-AKT,SREBP-1,and FASN proteins in the cells in 150 mg·L-1 BBR group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the expression level of SREBP-1 protein in the cells in 100 and 150 mg·L-1 BBR groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01).After suppression of FASN expression,compared with control group,the expression levels of FASN protein in the cells in shFASN1 and shFASN2 groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the expression level of FASN protein in the cells in shFASN2 group was lower than that in shFASN1 group(P<0.05);compared with control group,the numbers of clone formation and migration rates of the cells in shFASN1 and shFASN2 groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the migration rate of the cells in shFASN2 group was significantly lower than that in shFASN1 group(P<0.05).Conclusion:BBR interferes with fatty acid synthesis in the glioma T98G cells by reducing the expression of the PI3K/AKT/SREBP-1/FASN pathway related proteins,and decrease their migration and invasion capabilities.

The specificity of acupoint effect is an important part of acupuncture theory. It has been one of the foci in acupuncture research domestically and abroad. This paper explores the specific relationship between Zusanli (ST 36) and stomach-intestine function based on the ancient records on "acupoint fordiseases" and the clinical and experimental researches on Zusanli(ST 36) treating digestive diseases. The physiological mechanism of the specificity is explained in terms of the spinal cord segment of Zusanli (ST 36) and gastrointestinal organs as well as the cerebral central effect of puncturing the acupoint. The aim of the paper is to provide more evidences for the specificity of acupoint effect indicated by "acupoint fordiseases".

BACKGROUND:Most of the formulas for the clinical treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency have evolved from the basic formula of Liuwei Dihuang Pills,and have achieved good therapeutic efficacy.Currently,most of the experimental studies on Liuwei Dihuang Pills focus on morphological observations and physiological and biochemical detection of in vivo animal models,while fewer studies on molecular mechanisms have been reported. OBJECTIVE:To explore the molecular mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Pills in the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency based on the receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha/mitochondrial transcription factor A/reactive oxygen species pathway. METHODS:Premature ovarian insufficiency model was established in mice by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg combined with busulfan 12 mg/kg,and then Liuwei Dihuang Pill suspension was used to intervene in premature ovarian insufficiency mice.After 12 weeks of intervention,the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,estradiol,anti-Mullerian hormone,8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine,total antioxidant capacity and reactive oxygen species in serum of mice were detected by ELISA method.The morphological changes in mouse ovaries were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The ultrastructure of mouse follicular granulosa cells and the apoptosis of granulosa cell mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy.The expression levels of receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha and mitochondrial transcription factor A in mouse ovarian granulosa cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the model group,serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,reactive oxygen species,and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine were decreased in the experimental group(P＜0.05),and the levels of estradiol,anti-Mullerian hormone,and total antioxidant capacity were increased(P＜0.05).Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that in the model group,there were more atretic follicles and corpus luteum forms,some secondary follicles,and interstitial fibrosis and hyperplasia;in the experimental group,a large number of atretic follicles,few corpus luteum forms,primordial follicles were observed at the edges but there were few secondary follicles and no mature follicles.Transmission electron microscopy showed that the organelles in ovarian granulosa cells of mice in the experimental groups were relatively intact.Immunohistochemical results showed that compared with the model group,the expression level of receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha in the ovarian tissue of mice increased slightly in the experimental group at the 4th week,and there was no significant change at the 8th and 12th weeks.The expression level of mitochondrial transcription factor A in the ovarian tissues of mice in the experimental group was transiently increased at the 4th week,and then slightly decreased,which were all significantly different from those of the model group.To conclude,Liuwei Dihuang Pills inhibit ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis in mice with premature ovarian insufficiency to a certain extent through the receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha/mitochondrial transcription factor A/reactive oxygen species signaling pathway,thereby improving the endocrine function of the ovary,enhancing the antioxidant capacity,and attenuating the degree of oxidative stress damage.

By reviewing the literature regarding the development mechanism of myocardial stunning, effects of acupuncture on myocardial ischemic injury, and correlation between acupuncture and κ-opioid receptor, it was suggested that acupuncture was highly likely to act on κ-opioid receptor in myocardial cells, and directly treated myocardial malfunction induced by myocardial stunning through κ-opioid receptor and its signaling pathway. In addition, acupuncture could inhabit the signaling pathway of adrenoceptor β1, one of the main functional receptors, to indirectly improve myocardial ischemic injury. From κ-opioid receptor signaling pathway, the action mechanism of acupuncture for prevention and treatment of myocardial stunning was discussed in this paper, hoping to provide new ideas for possible mechanism of acupuncture for myocardial ischemic injury.