Objective To select a practical and reliable method in cleaning and disinfecting endo-scope, and to investigate the efficacy of endoscope disinfection. Methods A study was done on the disinfection efficacy using or not using enzyme cleaning plus 2% glutaraldehyde immersion, and disinfection efficacy of automated washer/disinfectors for endoscopes at tertiary hospitals in Beijing. Results In 301 cases of en-doscopes cleaned with enzyme ( Epizyme rapid multi enzyme cleanse) and immersed in 2% glutaraldehyde for 7 minutes, culture was negative in 283 cases (94. 02% ) ; in 155 cases without enzyme cleaning but with immersion for 7 minutes in 2% glutaraldehyde, culture was negative in 137 cases (88. 39 % ). Taking 20 or less bacteria per endoscope as the eligibility criterion, there were 298(99.00% ) and 147(94. 84% ) cases eligible in enzyme treated and enzyme untreated group respectively , P

The QUOROM statement means a set of quality standards of Meta analysis report. It comprises a checklist and a flowchart for reporting a Meta analysis. They are primarily used in writing, reviewing or evaluating reports of Meta analysis for simple two group, parallel RCTs. The statement is a continually evolving document. A few international medical journals have endorsed the QUOROM statement and require authors submitting manuscripts for publication to include all the information on the checklist and flowchart of QUOROM statement. Based on introducing the background, processes of forming QUOROM statement and reviewing the contents and requirements of QUOROM, we prepare this paper, hoping to improve the quality of Meta analysis report for randomized controlled clinical trials in our country. Some comments and suggestions are given at the same time.

Grant administration in hospitals is one of the important tasks for administrators of scientific research, and all leaders should also pay enough attention to it and regard it as a strategic assignment of hospital development. In this paper, we found out the key points in different phases of scientific researches through quality analysis of grants and the whole procedure of research, and put forward the keystone administration. We also discussed a new model of subject construction, thesis and achievements administration leaded by grant administration, which should basically and greatly raise the level of scientific research in the hospital.

Objective The aim of this study is to identify association between increased serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and metabolic parameters in non-alcoholic population of north China. Methods A total of 5351 subjects who came to visit Yuquan Hospital of Tsinghua University for health examinations during May to December 2007 were divided into two groups based on their serum ALT activities, one with equal to or more than 40 U/L and the other with less than 40. Anthropometric data, blood pressure, serum ALT, serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-dense lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-dense lipoprotein-cbolesterol (LDL-C) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured for all of them. Results Body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and FBG were significantly different between the two groups. BMI, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and FBG all associated with increased ALT both in males and females. DBP associated with increased ALT in males and SBP with it in females, logistic regression analysis showed that male, younger age, raised BMI, TG, TC, FBG and reduced HDL-C were strongly associated with increased serum ALT. Conclusions Results showed that metabolic disturbance such as obesity, hypertension, dyalipidemia, hyperglycemia, and so on associated with increased ALT in non-alcoholic population of north China.

Objective: To learn the disease entities and medical costs of the patients admitted in the Pediatric Department of a general hospital.Methods: We collected from the Hospital Information System(HIS) the related data of the patients admitted in the Department of Pediatrics from October 2001 to October 2007 and analyzed the patients' main types of diseases and medical expenditure.Results: Among the total number of 8 062 patients,diseases of the genitourinary,respiratory and digestive systems and of blood and hematogenic organs accounted for 47.82%,36.78%,4.22% and 3.16%,ranking as the first 4 disease entities.The per patient medical costs in the first 4 places were those of the diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissues($6 368),tumors($5 845),diseases of the genitourinary system($5 818) and congenial anomalies($5 469).Conclusion: The largest number of patients were those with genitourinary system diseases,and the highest medical costs per patient were those of the diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissues in the Department of Pediatrics.

Objective To realize the status in the implementation of three industry standards of central sterile sup-ply department (CSSD),and provide a scientific basis for carrying out of the standards. Methods According to three standards,investigation forms were designed by specialists,written survey on 365 hospitals in 9 provinces and field investigation on 1 5 hospitals in 3 provinces were performed,the implementation of three standards were investi-gated.Results Of 365 hospitals,the number of provincial and ministerial level,municipal level,and county level hospitals were 90,87 and 188 respectively. More than 94% of hospitals established CSSD management system and regulations,>90% of hospitals met the requirements of CSSD layout;All hospitals were equipped with pressure steam sterilizer,all levels of hospitals basically equipped with the necessary equipments and facilities;CSSD respon-sible officers of 94.52% (345/365)of hospitals participated in training on standards;69.61% (252/362)of hospi-tals were using or developing CSSD information systems;>92% of the CSSD responsible officers considered that three standards played an important role in facilitating centralized management,and improving the quality of clean-ing,disinfection and sterilization.Conclusion Hospitals need to strengthen the management and training on stand-ards of CSSD,management of loaner instruments and development of information system need to be standardized.

Source data and its source documents are the foundation of clinical research. Proper source data management plays an essential role for compliance with regulatory and GCP requirements. Both paper and electronic source data co-exist in China. Due to the increasing use of electronic technology in pharmaceutical and health care industry, electronic data source becomes an upcoming trend with clear advantages. To face new opportunities and to ensure data integrity, quality and traceability from source data to regulatory submission, this document demonstrates important concepts, principles and best practices during managing source data. It includes but not limited to: (1) important concepts of source data (e.g., source data originator, source data elements, source data identifier for audit trail, etc.); (2) various modalities of source data collection in paper and electronic methods (e.g., paper CRF, EDC, Patient Report Outcomes/eCOA, etc.); (3) seven main principles recommended in the aspect of data collection, traceability, quality standards, access control, quality control, certified copy and security during source data management; (4) a life cycle from source data creation to obsolete is used as an example to illustrate consideration and implementation of source data management.

[Abstract ] Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a kind of multi-discipline technology which is based on evidence-based medicine and aims to optimize the current peri-operative management, reduce the stress and complications during the periopera-tive period and enhance recovery aftery surgery.The introduction and successful practice and generalization of ERAS promote the trans-formation of medical quality management thought, innovation of the clinical technologies and patients'rehabilitation process.In the era of ERAS, we should make efforts to promote the medical quality management by fully using new technologies from the aspects of impro-ving the understanding, strengthening team work and optimizaing information support.

Objective: To compare the efifcacy and safety of circumferential pulmonary vein antecourt isolation (CPVAI) ablation and stepwise linear (SL) ablation in treating the patients with atrial ifbrillation (AF) Methods: A total of 136 AF patients with catheter ablation under EnSite 3000 guidance in our hospital were retrospectively summarized. The patients included 93 paroxysmal AF and 43 persistent AF and divided into 4 groups. Paroxysmal AF with CPVAI ablation,n=45, Paroxysmal AF with SL ablation,n=48 and persistent AF with CPVAI ablation, n=18, persistent AF with SL ablation,n=25. The differences of left atrium diameter, ablation time, X-ray exposure time, the success rate and complication were compared among different groups. Results: For 12 months follow-up study, the success rate and complication were similar between 2 ablation methods for treating both Paroxysmal AF and persistent AF patients. For Paroxysmal AF patients, both ablation methods could effectively reduce left atrium diameter,P<0.01. The SL ablation had less procedural time than CPVAI ablation,P<0.01, while the X-ray exposure time was similar between 2 ablation methods. Conclusion: Both CPVAI and SL ablation methods were effective and safe for treating AF patients.

Objective To compare various CT signs of pancreatic carcinoma (PC) and inflammatory pancreatic mass (IPM), and to study the diagnostic value of these signs for distinguishing two diseases. Methods Eigty-five patients with PC and IPM were proved by surgery, fine needle aspiration or other comprehensive methods. These patients underwent non-enhanced and enhanced CT scans. CT findings were analyzed retrospectively. The occurrance rates of various CT signs in these two diseases were analyzed with Fisher test and were compared with the corresponding clinical and operational results as welL Results Among the 85 patients, 66 patients were proved to have PC, and 19 were proved to have IPM. In PC group,58 were corerectly diagnosed with CT, 3 (4. 5% ) were misdiagnosed, and 5 (7.6%) were omitted. In IPM group, 9 were correctly diagnosed with CT and 10 (52. 6% ) were misdiagnosed. The CT findings were as follows: (1) Pancreatic mass with liver metastases, lymph node metastases, encased celiac arteries, and cancer emboli in portal veins just occurred in PC group. (2) The occurrence rates of mass over 3 cm in diameter, clear boundary, low-density area within the mass, pseudocysts, peripancreatie infiltration, ascites, and slight and moderate pancreatic-bile duct dilation in PC group were 90. 91% (60/66), 15.15% ( 10/66), 54. 55% ( 36/66 ), 10. 61% ( 7/66 ), 4. 55% ( 3/66 ), 22. 73% ( 15/66 ), 24. 24% ( 16/66 ), 45.45% (30/66), and 27. 27% (18/66) respectively, the occurrence rates in IPM group were 94. 74% ( 18/19), 15.79% ( 3/19 ), 52. 63% ( 10/19 ), 15.79% ( 3/19 ), 15. 79% ( 3/19 ), 21.05% (4/19), 31.58% (6/19) ,21.05% (4/19), and 5.26% (1/19) respectively. There was no statistical difference for these CT findings between two groups(P >0. 05). (3) Pancreatic head mass with atrophy of pancreatic body and tail, mass calcification, pancreatic duct-penetrating sign, pancreatic head mass with hypertrophy of pancreatic body and tail, biliary stones with inflammation , and thickening of pre-kidney fascia in PC group were 48.48% ( 32/66 ), 3.03% ( 2/66 ), 1.52% ( 1/66 ), 10. 61% ( 7/66 ), 6. 06% ( 4/66 ) and 3.03% (2/66) respectively, the occurrence rates of those in IPM group were 5. 26% (1/19),47.37% (9/19), 15.79% ( 3/19 ), 84. 21% ( 16/19 ), 36. 84% ( 7/19 ) and 21.05% ( 4/19 ) respectively. There was statistical difference for these CT findings between two groups ( P < 0. 05 ) . Conclusion Accurate evaluation of various CT signs in PC and IPM is of great importance in the diagnosis of the two diseases.