ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of chronic stress on hippocampal neurogenesis.MethodsChronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) was used as animal model to provoke a decrease of neurogenesis in hippocampus.Simultaneously,hippocampal neurogenesis was monitored by assessing cell proliferation,survival,and differentiation.All rats were divided into control group,14 d CUMS group,28 d CUMS group.ResultsThe cell proliferation in 14d CUMS group(2254.17 ± 164.41 ) or 28d CUMS( 1900.33 ± 104.10) group were decreased contrast to the control (2919.50 ± 188.80) (P＜0.01).The cell survival in 28 d CUMS group ( 1845.33± 126.88 ) were decreased contrast to the control (2404.50 ± 148.77 ) (P ＜ 0.01 ).The cell differentiation had no difference between control group and CUMS group( NeuN/BrdU(71.63 ± 10.21 ) vs (69.11 ± 11.30),GFAP/BrdU ( 14.34 ± 2.03 ) vs ( 17.27 ± 2.93 ) ) (P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionThese results suggest that chronic stress decreases cell proliferation and survival,but does not affect the phenotype of newborn cells in the hippocampus.

Objective To explore the structure changes of white matter in the first-episode schizo-phrenic patients with never-medicated(FESZ)and the relationship between facial emotion perception and white matter(WM)integrity.Methods Sixty-three schizophrenic patients and thirty health control subjects underwent diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)scans.Voxel-based analysis was used to compared fractional ani-sotropy(FA)map between the two groups.Correlations were analyzed with pearson relative analysis between impaired facial emotion perception tested by facial emotion categorization(FEC)and severity of symptoms measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results (1)Compared with controls, FESZ patients showed overall decreased FA in WM of the body of left ventral frontal lobe((MNI(x,y,z):-18,26,-4;t=4.43)),right supramarginal gyrus((MNI(x,y,z):32,-50,26;t=4.27)),left middle oc-cipital gyral((MNI(x,y,z):-26,-60,0;t=4.89)),right middle occipital gyral((MNI(x,y,z):28,-70, 14;t=4.18)),left fusiform gyrus((MNI(x,y,z):-40,-50,0;t=3.92)),left cerebellum anterior lobe ((MNI(x,y,z):-32,-56,-28;t=4.57)),right parahippocampa gyrus1((MNI(x,y,z):32,-10,-14;t=4.16)),right parahippocampa gyrus2((MNI(x,y,z):16,-6,-14;t=4.56)),left anterior cingulate ((MNI(x,y,z):-2,4,-6;t=4.41)),left extra-nuclear((MNI(x,y,z):-2,-10,-6;t=4.44)),right thalamus((MNI(x,y,z):10,-10,2;t=4.20)),left thalamus((MNI(x,y,z):-22,-28,12;t=4.01)), and right caudate((MNI(x,y,z):14,12,8;t=4.87)).(2)Compared with controls,the patients with schizo-phrenia showed a higher shift point and a steeper slope than control subjects in FEC.Correlational analysis re-vealed that the negative correlations were found between the slope and negative factor(r=-0.298,P=0.036),between positive factor and the FA value in WM of the right middle occipital gyral(r=-0.322,P=0.023)and the left middle occipital gyral(r=-0.288,P=0.043),and between the FA value in the left cere-bellum anterior lobe and shift point(r=-0.393,P=0.005),but the positive correlation was found between disorganized/concrete factor and the FA value in the right parahippocampal gyrus(r=0.429,P=0.002).Con-clusions There are extensive microstructural abnormalities in WM of patients with FESZ.Disrupted WM in-tegrity in these regions may constitute a potential neural pathological basis for the facial emotion perception impairments in schizophrenia.

The TNM staging system is an essential standard for cancer treatment and evaluation, and is used to assess a patient''s prog-nosis. Therefore, every update made to the system is of great significance. According to the recently released edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual, several major changes to head and neck cancer staging have been made. In this pa-per, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these amendments and offer a direction for making future amendments. Our goal is to provide a brief introduction of recent research on head and neck cancers, which can be used as a reference by clinicians.