Objective To evaluate the treatment of traumatic posterior urethral atresia in boys via a modified transperineal approach. Methods The transperineal approach was adepted in 11 cases with transecting the central perineal teadon, excising the ligaments of arcuate pubis and the traumatic scar, so that end-to-end anastomosis of urethra could be achieved with good exposure. Results 10 cases were cured after the first operation, where as one patient needed the procedure for 3 times. Conclusions The modified transperineal approach provide a good exposure for the anastomosis of urethra in boys.

Objective To analyze the clinical features,treatment and prognosis of children with post-stroke epilepsy.Methods Sixty-nine children with epilepsy after cerebral stroke who were admitted to Guangdong General Hospital from Jan.2009 to Mar.2013 were retrospectively reviewed,including etiology,clinical features,laboratory examinations,treatment and prognosis.Results Among 260 stroke patients,69 of them (26.5 ％) developed epilepsy,but there was no significant difference between boys and girls(x2 =0.725,P =0.394).The incidence of post-stroke epilepsy differed significantly among different types (x2 =12.000,P =0.02),highest in the children with subarachnoid hemorrhage(47.8％,11/23 cases),followed by those with cerebral hemorrhage (34.6％,27/78 cases),and lastly,those with cerebral ischemia (19.5％,31/159 cases).Among them,53 patients developed seizures in the early stage (76.8％,53/69 cases),others in the late stage(23.2％,16/69 cases),early-onset epilepsy was more common in hemorrhagic stroke and late-onset epilepsy was more common in ischemic stroke,which differed significantly(x2 ＝ 4.778,P =0.029).The electroencephalogram background generally showed slow-wave in the early-onset epilepsy.The composition of seizure types differed significantly among different types of stroke (x2 =8.461,P =0.015).Forty-five of 58 patients (77.6％) suffered from cortical lesions and 13 of 58 patients (22.4％) suffered from subcortical lesions.Those children with post-stroke epilepsy who regularly use of antiepileptic drugs were followed up for 6 months to 4 years,81.2％ (56/69 cases)of clinical seizures were controlled.Conclusions The incidence of epilepsy after stroke is higher in children than in adults,cerebral stroke seizure occurs more commonly in cases with hemorrhagic stroke,especially with subarachnoid hemorrhage.Conventional antiepileptic treatment is effective.

Objective To understand the correlation between operating room nurses′cognition of patient safety culture and hospitals responsibility,so as to provide basis to establish patient safety measures. Methods A total of 98 operating room nurses participating the meeting were investigated by convenience sampling method with Nurse′s Organizational Climate Scale and Patient Safety Culture Assessment Scale. Results The mean score of nurses′ cognition of patient safety culture was 3.58 ± 0.30,which showed a high level. The mean score of operating room nurses′perception of psychological contract was 2.17 ± 0.58,which was below the middle level. There was a negative correlation between nurses′cognition of patient safety culture and psychological contract (P<0.05). Conclusions Hospitals responsibility need to improve urgently. Nursing administrators should improve resource guarantee, management support and team behavior,in order to promote positive nurses′consciousness and behavior of patient safety and ensure the safety of patients .

Objective: To study the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure of rural families in Xiaochang County of Hubei province, in order to explore the influential factors of catastrophic health expenditure. Methods: By using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling to conduct a household survey, this paper randomly selects a total of a-bout 1,222 households of 4,673 people from 9 villages of 3 different towns in Xiaochang county of Hubei province, in order to compare the rate and severity of catastrophic health expenditure before and after joining the New Rural Coop-erative Medical Scheme ( NRCMS) , and it uses binary logistic regression model to analyze the influential factors of catastrophic health expenditure. Results: After joining the NRCMS, the rate, average gap and relative gap of cata-strophic health expenditure have all declined within the sampled areas; the influential factors of catastrophic health expenditure are household income, the number of working family members, the number of hospitalizations in family members, and the number of chronic patients among family members. Conclusion: With the increase of household in-come in the rural areas of Xiaochang County, both the rate and severity of catastrophic health expenditure have de-creased. In order to significantly reduce the catastrophic health expenditure in the rural areas of Xiaochang County, the government should perfectly improve the NRCMS's compensation mechanism for chronic outpatients' costs and re-duce the proportion of self-pay patients from low-income families.

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical effects of laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) and transabdominal hysterectomy (TAH).MethodsOne hundred and twenty-six cases operated with hysterectomy were classified into LAVH group and TAH group by random digits table with 63 cases each.The operation time,intraoperative bleeding amount,exhaust time,hospitalization time and postoperative complications were observed and compared.ResultsThe operation time,intraoperative bleeding amount,exhaust time and hospitalization time was ( 115.6 ± 13.8 ) min,(92.5 ± 11.3 ) ml,(21.8 ±4.8) d and (6.1 ± 1.7) d in LAVH group,( 82.5 ± 8.7) min,( 112.3 ± 17.8) ml,(28.9 ± 6.2) d and (9.6 ±2.2) d in TAH group,there were significant differences between two groups (P＜0.05).The incidence of incision pain,delayed wound healing,vaginal stump infection,thrombophlebitis,and gastrointestinal disorders was 9.5％(6/63),0,1.6％(1/63),0 and 7.9％(5/63) in LAVH group,which was significantly lower than that in TAH group [52.4％(33/63),7.9％(5/63),11.1％(7/63),7.9％(5/63) and 22.2％ ( 14/63 ) ] (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionCompared with TAH,LAVH can shorten exhaust time,hospitalization time,reduce intraoperative bleeding amount,decrease complication rate,which can be further applied in clinic.

Objective To work out the uroflow parameters of normal children in Changsha area.Methods Overall,1048 tests of uroflow rate were performed on 1024 healthy children.The results of these tests were classified into several groups by sex,age,body surface area and urine volume voided.These data were statistically analyzed with SPSS10.0 software.For each group,the nomograms of uroflow parameters(including urine volume, body surface area,mean uroflow rate,and maximum uroflow rate) were drawn for clarifying the relationship among them.Results The maximum uroflow rate(Qmax) of the boys younger than 7 years increased with age;the Qmax increased 1.7ml/s with age increasing 1 year.The boys older than 7 years had the Qmax similar to that of adults.The Qmax of the girls younger than 9 years increased with age,the Qmax increased 1.2ml/s with age increasing 1 year.The girls older than 9 years had the Qmax similar to that of adults.In children,the Qmax,mean uroflow rate and urine volume increased with the increase in body surface area.Similarly,the Qmax and mean uroflow rate increased with the increase in urine volume voided.Conclusions The Qmax of boys younger than 7 years and girls younger than 9 years is obviously related with age.

ObjectiveTo discuss the clinical value of serum CA125 and endometrial antibody (EMAb) for the diagnosis of endometriosis.Methods216 patients were determined by the presences of CA125 and EMAb before operation.ResultsAll cases were diagnosed by pathology after operation. CA125 positive rate in the endometriosis group was 58.3% and that in the control group was 12.5%. The difference between two groups was significant (P<0.01).EMAb positive rate in the endometriosis group was 31.3% and that in the control group was 14.3%. The difference between two groups was also significant (P<0.01). When determining CA125 alone to diagnose endometriosis, the sensitivity rate was 58.3% and specificity rate was 87.5%. If determining EMAb alone to diagnose endometriosis, the sensitivity rate was 31.3% and specificity rate was 85.7%. When one of them was used as diagnostic criterion, the sensitivity and specificity were 64.6% and 73.2% respectively. If combining use of both CA125 and EMAb as diagnostic criterion, the sensitivity and specificity were 25.0% and 100% respectively.Conclusions The determination of serum CA125 or EMAb levels is helpful for the qualitative diagnosis of endometriosis, especially using them combined, the diagnostic accuracy may be enhanced.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of reducing bolus?tracking monitor frequency in coronary CT angiography (CTA). Methods This prospective study including 120 patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). According to the examination registration order, the patients were divided into groups A, B and C (n=40 for each group). All patients underwent coronary CTA with bolus?tracking technology, and were monitored at 10 s after the injection of contrast. The monitoring frequency of bolus?tracking for Group A was every 1.14 s, that for Group B was every 1.47 s , and for Group C was every 2.00 s, while the trigger threshold was set as 100 HU. To evaluate the image quality, the objective evaluation included signal noise ratio (SNR) and contrast noise ratio (CNR) of aorta (AO), CNR of left main coronary artery (LM) and right coronary artery (RCA), and the subjective score was recorded for each coronary artery segment. The monitoring times when CT density of the region of interest (ROI) reached the threshold, the CT value and the effective dose (ED) in the 3 groups were recorded. Objective image quality, monitoring parameters and radiation dose were compared using analysis of variance method, subjective image quality was compared withχ2 tests. Results There was no significant difference in AO (SNR and CNR), LM (CNR) and RCA (CNR) among the 3 groups, respectively (P>0.05). Subjective image quality scores of groups A, B, C were (1.879±0.042), (1.876±0.042), (1.881±0.042 ), with no significant difference (χ2=0.003,P>0.05). The monitoring times of to reach the threshold in groups A, B, C were (4.78±2.37), (3.76±1.39), (2.77±0.99), and ED were (0.058±0.031),(0.031±0.011), (0.021±0.007) mSv, with the significant difference (F=9.009, 31.998, respectively, P<0.01). Peak CT values during monitoring among three groups were (133 ± 24), (142 ± 39), (137±26) HU, respectively, with no significant difference (F=0.575,P=0.565). Conclusions It is feasible to reduce monitoring times when performing coronary CTA in dual?source CT scanner. The bolus?tracking monitor frequency in every 2 seconds can not only obtain satisfactory image quality, but also significantly reduce radiation dose.

Objective:To construct a p53-fused dual luciferase reporter and to test whether this reporter can mimic wild-type p53 activities in a high-throughput screen.Methods:A restriction endonuclease site was added to each terminus and the stop codon of the wild-type full-length p53 open reading frame (ORF) was removed by PCR. A restriction endonuclease site was added to each terminus and the start codon of the ifrelfy luciferase ORF was removed by PCR. The two modified ORFs were inserted upstream of the IRES-induced renilla luciferase ORF in a CMV-derived vector. hTe p53 fusion protein was expressed in cells to test its MDM2-mediated degradation, subcellular localization, and induction of p53-responsive promoter.
Results:hTe p53-fused dual luciferase reporter was successfully constructed. Atfer transfection into the host cells, the reporter expressing the p53 fusion protein that was degraded by oncoprotein MDM2, was mainly located inside the nucleus, and induced the p53-responsive promoter, respectively.
Conclusion:hTe p53-fused dual luciferase reporter (p53FL/IRES/RL) can identify modulators of P53 protein level in a high-throughput screen of genetic or chemical libraries.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is a high molecular guanidine compound with a broad spectrum of antibacterial effects. Since the outbreak of the 'humidifier disinfectant-induced lung injury’ event in South Korea, the respiratory toxicity of PHMG had become a public concern. An epidemiological survey in Korea found that PHMG-containing disinfectants were an important risk factor for pulmonary fibrosis. Animal experiments also showed that the exposure to PHMG through the respiratory tract could cause irreversible fibrosis in the lungs. TGF-β signaling pathway, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and pulmonary inflammation might be the main pathways that could mediate PHMG-induced pulmonary fibrosis. This article provided an overview of the characteristics of population exposure to PHMG and research progress in the field of respiratory toxicology and recommendations for the rational and standard of using PHMG-related products in China.