Objective To analyze satisfaction of the clinical practice content of nursing postgraduates with different characteristic, and to provide transformative suggestions for the construction of clinical practice scheme of nursing postgraduates. Methods Using judgment sampling and snowball sampling, the questionnaire survey was conducted among 101 nursing postgraduates, and comparing satisfaction of clinical practice content of postgraduates with different age, work experience and teaching mode. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for data description and t test. Results The total satisfaction of clinical practice content of nursing postgraduates was low, and different postgraduates′satisfaction was different. On practical operation opportunity,> 30 years old of postgraduates′satisfaction was (3.95±0.87), which was higher than those 20~30 years old, (3.35±0.90), and the difference was statistically significant, t=2.748, P<0.01. On clinical practice assessment methods and frequency, the satisfaction of postgraduates with a fixed teacher was higher than those without a fixed teacher (3.40±0.74) vs. (2.83±0.87), and the difference was statistically significant, t=3.310, P<0.01. Conclusions At present, the clinical practice content of nursing postgraduates is in shortage, and need to be further improved.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of the extracts of Polygonum lapathifolium on the activity of ?-glucosidase.METHODS:Soxhlet extraction was applied to extract overground part of P.lapathifolium,and the inhibition effect of extracts on ?-glucosidase was determined with 96-microplate-based method,and the inhibitory kinetic characteristics of methanol extract was investigated using Lineweaver-Burk method.RESULTS:The extracts from P.lapathifolium showed good inhibitory activity.The methanol extract had the highest inhibitory activity (IC50=2.13 ?g?mL-1)followed by ethyl acetate extract (IC50=3.826 ?g?mL-1),petroleum ether extract (IC50=230.86 ?g ? mL-1).And they were all higher than that of acarbose (IC50=1 103.01 ?g?mL-1) as positive control.Inhibitory kinetics test indicated that methanol extract was noncompetitive inhibitor.CONCLUSION:The extracts of P.lapathifolium have good inhibition effect on the activity of ?-glucosidase with a good prospect of development and utilization.

ObjectiveTo discuss the relationship between sit-to-stand velocity and dynamic and static balance respectively in stroke patients.Methods22 stroke patients were measured their time for Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSTS scores) and the static balance performance as well as swaying of center of gravity in lateral directions was recorded with GS-10A. In addition, the distances of functional reach test (FRT) when sitting were measured.ResultsBy using Pearson's correlation coefficient, FTSTS scores showed the moderate correlation with hemiparetic side, ENV. Area and distance of sitting FRT (r=-0.512, P<0.05；r=0.632, P<0.05；r=-0.662, P<0.01). Linear regression model, in terms of balance ability, showed the main factors associated with the sit to stand velocity were the distance of sitting FRT and ENV.Area. ConclusionENV.Area and distance of sitting FRT are the main factors associated with sit to stand velocity and both static and dynamic balance can predict sit to stand velocity.

Objective:To study feasibility of preparing artificial antigen by membrane coated with hapten-carrier.To compare the Emodin-BSA membrane antigen immunogenicity and specificity against the liquid antigen.Methods:Emodin-BSA-PVDF membrane was prepared by the method that BSA was coated on PVDF membrane and the BSA was coupled with Emodin-couplint agent derivative.Rats were immunized by subcutaneous implantation.The immunogenicity and antibody specificity were characterized using Emodin-CA or Chrysophanol-CA or Physcion-CA membrane immunoassay. Results: The immunogenicity of Emodin-BSA coated membrane antigen was higher than Emodin-BSA liquid antigen;the specificity for three anthraquinones was almost the same(P>0.05). Conclusion:Emodin antiserum generated using Emodin-BSA coated membrane antigen has a high immunogenicity and specificity to Emodin.The results show it is feasible that membrane coated with hapten-carrier is used as artificial antigen.

[Objective] The present study aimed to determine the protective role of Melatonin (MT) against Acrylamide (AA)-induced testicular toxicity and the potential molecular mechanism.[Methods] The animals were randomly divided into three groups,the control group (n =12),the AA group (n =12) and the AA+MT group (n =12).The rats in the AA and AA + MT group were gavaged with AA at a dose of 15 mg/(kg · day) for 4 consecutive weeks.After 3 weeks of AA treatment,MT was intraperitoneally injected 30 minutes before AA treatment at 10 mg/(kg· day) for 1 week in the AA + MT rats.Subsequently,the mitochondrial membrane potential measurement,TUNEL assay,Western blot and electron microscopic techniques were applied in the present study.[Results] The results showed that AA could decrease the testis mitochondrial membrane potential (P ＜ 0.05) which could be recovered by MT (P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,MT induced down-regulation of Bax expression and up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression in the testis,compared with AA rats.The amelioration of testicular apoptosis was further confirmed by the TUNEL labeling.Western blot results suggested that the decreased ratios of Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-xL/Bak in the AA group (both P ＜ 0.05) could be recovered by MT treatment (both P ＜ 0.05).The levels of Cyt-c,Casp-3,p53 and NF-κB in AA group were markedly elevated compared with the control (all P ＜ 0.05),and reduced in MT treatment group (all P ＜ 0.05).MT could relieve abnormal mitochondrial structures in the seminiferous tubule in the electron microscopic level.[Conclusion] MT may exert productive effect through its anti-apoptotic properties associated with mitochondria.

Objective To provide anatomical basis for preventing paresthesia that appear in the lateral thoracic wall ,the arm‐pit and the inside of the upper arm during axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer .Methods The intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) and its contiguous relationship were observed ,besides the origin ,ramus and branch were measured and recorded by anato‐mizing 30 adult embalmed cadavers (60 sides) .Results Three intercostals nerve (50 sides) and the ICBN (29 sides) were the mainly nerves in lateral thoracic wall ,the medical brachial cutaneous nerve(MBCN) was not observed .Three intercostals nerve , ICBN(42 sides)and MBCN(44 sides) were found in armpit ,but mainly was intercostobrachial nerve (42 sides) .ICBN and the MB‐CN equally distributed in the dorsal and medical of the upper arm ,but the three intercostals nerve was not observed .81 .7% (49 sides) of intercostal nerve and all of the brachial plexus presenced filament .They existenced blood vessel accompanied when the ICBN pierced the chest wall (63 .3% ,38 sides) .Conclusion Identify and intactly preserve the ICBN and relevant nerves and their filament during axillary lymph node dissection of the breast cancer may benefit to prevent paresthesia .

OBJECTIVETo compare the periodontal indices and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) between the use of self-ligating brackets and conventional brackets.

METHODSThirty patients were divided into 2 groups(n=15). Self-ligating brackets were used in the experimental group. Conventional brackets were used in the control group. Clinical periodontal indices, including plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI) and probing depth (PD) of observed teeth were examined at three different time points: Before orthodontic treatment, the first month after treatment and the third month after treatment. Subgingival plaques were collected simultaneously at each time point. The number of total bacteria and P. gingivalis in each sample were detectd and quantitated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the percentage of P. gingivalis in total bacteria was obtained.

RESULTSBefore treatment, the periodontal indices and the percentage of P. gingivalis in total bacteria had no difference between the two groups (P>0.05). After 1 and 3 months respectively, the periodontal indices and the percentage of P. gingivalis in total bacteria increased with time (P<0.05) and were obviously lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompared with conventional brackets, the self-ligating brackets are better for periodontal health. But it is adverse effect on oral health.

The efficient clinical treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is still a challenge that demands the development of effective new drugs.Phenformin has been shown to produce more potent anti-tumor activities than metformin on different tumors,however,not much is known about the influence of phenformin on OSCC cells.We found that phenformin suppresses OSCC cell proliferation,and promotes OSCC cell autophagy and apoptosis to significantly inhibit OSCC cell growth both in vivo and in vitro.RNA-seq analysis revealed that autophagy pathways were the main targets of phenformin and identified two new targets DDIT4(DNA damage inducible transcript 4)and NIBAN1(niban apoptosis regulator 1).We found that phenformin significantly induces the expression of both DDIT4 and NIBAN1 to promote OSCC autophagy.Further,the enhanced expression of DDIT4 and NIBAN1 elicited by phenformin was not blocked by the knockdown of AMPK but was suppressed by the knockdown of transcription factor ATF4(activation transcription factor 4),which was induced by phenformin treatment in OSCC cells.Mechanistically,these results revealed that phenformin triggers endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress to activate PERK(protein kinase R-like ER kinase),which phosphorylates the transitional initial factor eIF2,and the increased phosphorylation of eIF2 leads to the increased translation of ATF4.In summary,we discovered that phenformin induces its new targets DDIT4 and especially NIBAN1 to promote autophagic and apoptotic cell death to suppress OSCC cell growth.Our study supports the potential clinical utility of phenformin for OSCC treatment in the future.

Objective To investigate the role and potential mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducible protein 8-like molecule 1(TNFAIP8L1)in acute liver injury in mice.Methods The second generation of C57BL/6J male wild-type(WT)mice and the C57BL/6J female TNFAIP8L1+/-mice and WT mice were selected to further self-breed the third generation of male TNFAIP8L1-/-mice and the third generation of WT male mice.Five normal third-generation male WT mice and five normal third-generation male TNFAIP8L1-/-mice were selected.The serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels of the two types of normal mice were measured and compared.The infiltration of inflammatory cells and cell necrosis in the liver tissues of the two types of normal mice were observed after hematoxylin & eosin(HE)staining.Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of neutrophils(Neu),eosinophils(EOS),dendritic cells(DC),bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMDMs),and bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell(BMNCs)in the liver myeloid cell subsets of the two types of normal mice.Another 5 third-generation male WT mice and 4 third-generation male TNFAIP8L1-/-mice were selected to induce acute liver injury mouse models using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)/D-galactosamine(D-Gal).After 24 hours,the serum ALT levels of the two types of acute liver injury mice were detected and compared,the infiltration of inflammatory cells and cell necrosis in the liver tissues of the two types of acute liver injury mice were observed,and the percentages of Neu,EOS,DC,BMDMs and BMNCs in the liver myeloid cell subsets of the two types of acute liver injury mice were measured by using the above methods.Results There was no significant difference in the percentages of Neu,EOS,DC,BMDMs and BMNCs,and serum ALT levels in the livermyeloid cell subsets of normal WT mice and TNFAIP8L1-/-mice(P＞0.05).HE staining results of liver tissues in normal WT mice and TNFAIP8L1/mice showed that hepatic lobules were structurally complete and clear,hepatocytes were morphologically normal and arranged neatly,and there was no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration or cell necrosis.Twenty-four hours after acute liver injury,the percentages of Neu and BMNCs in the liver myeloid cell subsets and the serum ALT levels in the liver tissues of TNFAIP8L1-/-mice were significantly higher than those of WT mice(P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in the percentages of EOS,DC and BMDMs in the liver myeloid cell subsets of mice between the two groups(P＞0.05).In the liver tissues of WT mice with acute liver injury,hepatic lobules were structurally blurred,hepatocytes were swollen with scattered vacuolated steatosis,and a small amount of inflammatory cells were infiltrated.In the liver tissues of TNFAIP8L1/mice with acute liver injury,hepatic lobules were structurally non-existent,and hepatocytes were severely damaged and extensively necrotic,with a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration.Conclusion The deficiency of the TNFAIP8L1 gene in mice does not affect the development of liver myeloid cells and the homeostasis of the liver.TNFAIP8L1 plays an inhibitory role in the occurrence and development of acute liver injury.TNFAIP8L1 gene deficiency aggravates LPS/D-Gal-induced acute liver injury,possibly by increasing Neu and BMNCs infiltration and recruiting other types of immune cells to infiltrate liver tissues,thereby exacerbating liver cell necrosis.

AIM:To observe the effect of acupuncture on adenosine A1 receptor(A1R)in the caudate puta-men(CPu)of complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA)rats,and to explore the potential mechanism of acupuncture in treat-ment of inflammatory pain.METHODS:Sixty-four 6～8-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into saline group,model group(CFA group),CFA+manual acupuncture(MA)group,CFA+solvent dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)group,CFA+A1R agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine(CCPA)group,CFA+A1R antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-di-propylxanthine(DPCPX)group,CFA+MA+DMSO group and CFA+MA+DPCPX group.In MA groups,on the 2nd day af-ter modeling,the rats were needled at Zusanli points on both sides,30 min at a time,once per day,for 7 d.Pain threshold of plantar thermal radiation was used to observe the pain response of the rats.The content of cyclic adenosine monophos-phate(cAMP)in the CPu was detected by ELISA.The protein expression and phosphorylation levels of protein kinase A(PKA)and cAMP response element-binding protein(CREB)were detected by Western blot.The expression of A1R in the CPu was detected by immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS:Compared with saline group,CFA modeling signifi-cantly lowered the thermal pain threshold of the rats(P<0.01).Compared with CFA group,the thermal pain threshold of the rats in CFA+MA group and CFA+CCPA group was significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with CFA+ MA+DMSO group,the thermal pain threshold of the rats in CFA+MA+DPCPX group was decreased(P<0.05).Compared with CFA group,A1R protein relative expression level and positive cells in the CPu of the rats in CFA+MA group were in-creased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with saline group,cAMP content and p-CREB protein level in the CPu of the rats in CFA+MA group were decreased(P<0.05).Compared with CFA+DMSO group,cAMP content and p-CREB pro-tein level in CFA+MA+DMSO and CFA+CCPA groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with CFA+MA+ DMSO group,the levels of cAMP,p-PKA and p-CREB in CFA+MA+DPCPX group were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Acupuncture on bilateral Zusanli can relieve inflammatory pain in CFA rats,and its mech-anism may be related to A1R/cAMP/p-CREB signaling pathway.