A nucleotide diversity in DNA sequence is called polymorphism,which results in intersubjects variation in therapeutic drug effects and toxicity.Clinical studies were found that a single nucleotide polymorphism influenced response or drug toxicity in cancer chemotherapies,which were based on 5-fluorouracil,Irinotecan,platinum and so on.This review will focus on the recently development in the relation between drug effects or toxicity and polymorphism.

Objective:To investigate the effects of tetrandrine(Tet) on proliferaton and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE.Methods:CNE cells were divided into groups and treated by Tet at different concentrations.Inhibitory effects of tetrandrine were determined by MTT assay.The morphologic changes of CNE cells were observed by transmission electron microscope.DNA fragmentations were determined by gel electrophoresis assay.Cell apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometer.The expressions of apoptosis-related genes were detected by retrotranscriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results:Tetrandrine possessed inhibitory effect on CNE cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner(P

Objective:To provide the basis for postoperative nutritional support,exp lore the appropriate support methods and its influnce on rehabilitation in postoperative patients with laryngea l carcinoma.Methods:285 patients with laryngeal carcinoma were randomly divided into therapy group and control group.The therapy group (161 patients)was given homogenate diet and the control group(124 patients) was given mixed mi lk by nasal feeding 5-6 times per day.The nutritional index and occurr ence of pharyrgeal fistula were monitored at preoperation,7th and 14th days postopera tion r espectively.The duration of hospitalization of each patient was recorded at the same time. Results:The decreasing of the nutritional index w as significantly lower in the therapy group than in the control group(P<0.0 5).The duration of hospitalization was shortented to about 12 days, and the incidence of pharyngeal fistul a was reduced to 11%.Conclusion:The appropriate nutrition may decrease the incidence of pharyngeal fistula,shorten the mean duration in hospital and reduce the economic burden of postoperative patients with laryngeal carcinoma.

Objective To explore the level of the oxidative stress and the DNA oxidative damage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in pulmonary embolism (PE) patients after remission and in acute exacerbation.Methods The PBMCs DNA damage in 35 PE patients (test group) after remission and in acute exacerbation respectively and in 33 healthy persons (control group) was detected by single-cell gel electrophoresissingle (Comet assay).The total antioxidative capacity (TAC) in blood plasma was measured by phenanthroline colorimetric analysis.The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood plasma was measured by thiobarbituricacid colorimetric analysis.The capacity of glutathion peroxidase (GSH-PX) in blood plasma was measured by the method of improved Hafeman direct determination method (DNTB).Results The level of TAC,GSH-PX in test group after remission were significantly higher than those in acute exacerbation[(6.86 ± 1.21) kU/L vs.(5.18 ± 1.13) kU/L,(165.25 ± 41.96) kU/L vs.(137.23 ± 38.52) kU/L] (P ＜0.01),and they were all significantly lower than those in control group [(7.85 ± 1.44),(189.92 ± 51.32) kU/L] (P ＜ 0.01).The level of MDA in test group after remission was significantly lower than that in acute exacerbation [(5.58 ± 1.89) μmol/L vs.(7.26 ± 2.25) μmol/L] (P ＜ 0.01),and they were significantly higher than that in control group [(3.71 ± 1.52) μmol/L] (P ＜ 0.01).The arbitrary units (AU) of PBMCs DNA damage in PE patients after remission (29.01 ± 6.75) was significantly lower than that in acute exacerbation (42.13 ± 8.01),and they were all significantly higher than that in control group (15.12 ± 4.36),there were significant differences (P＜ 0.01).There were negative correlations between the PBMCs DNA damage and the level of TAC in PE patients after remission and in acute exacerbation (r =-0.695,P ＜ 0.01 ;r =-0.536,P ＜ 0.01).There were positive correlations between the PBMCs DNA damage and the contents of MDA in PE patients after remission and in acute exacerbation (r =0.513,P ＜ 0.01 ;r =0.628,P ＜ 0.01).There were negative correlations between the level of TAC and the contents of MDA in PE after remission and in acute exacerbation respectively (r =-0.534,P ＜ 0.01 ;r =-0.486,P ＜ 0.05).There were positive correlation between the level of TAC and GSH-PX in PE patients after remission and in acute exacerbation (r =0.512,P ＜ 0.01 ;r =0.497,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions There are oxidation/antioxidation imbalance,oxidative stress and the PBMCs DNA damage in PE patients.There is positive correlation between the PBMCs DNA damage and the oxidative stress.After remission,the level of the oxidative stress and the PBMCs DNA oxidative damage in the same PE patients is improved respectively.

OBJECTIVE To reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection by standardized packaging material and model. METHODS The packaging material and model were selected according to the different sterilizations.And the qualfication rate of sterilization and warranty period of standardized instruments were detected regularly. RESULTS The quality of sterilizations was effectively guaranteed by conducting control measures. CONCLUSIONS The nosocomial infection rate is effectively prevented by standardized packaging material and model.

Constructing internal quality control system is an important measure to improve teaching quality in the universities.Teaching supervision plays an important role in the teaching quality guaranteeing system.This article introduced and summarized the practice of teaching supervision in Tianjin Medical University including the establishment of three-leveled teaching supervision,emphasis of process management,innovation,significance and achievements of teaching supervision.

0.05).Conclusion Breath-hold MRCP utilizing the SSFSE technique with high-quality images can accurately assess the level of obstruction and the causes of the obstruction in patients with obstructive jaundice, without the risks of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).This MRCP technique should be preferred a reliable and noninvasive imaging modality for the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice.

ObjectiveTo compare the real-time analgesic effects between two different groups of acupoints in treating primary dysmenorrhea, for providing objective evidences for optimizing the treatment protocol for primary dysmenorrhea.MethodSixty eligible patients with primary dysmenorrhea were randomized into 3 groups: group A received acupuncture at Sanyinjiao (SP6), group B received acupuncture at Sanyinjiao and Guanyuan (CV4), and group C as a blank control group, 20 cases in each group. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was observed prior to the acupuncture treatment, after the insertion of the needles, and after removal of the needles in the three groups.ResultThe VAS scores changed significantly in group A and B after intervention (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in comparing the VAS score between group A and B after intervention (P>0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at Sanyinjiao alone and acupuncture at Sanyinjiao and Guanyuan both can produce analgesic effect at the attackof primary dysmenorrhea. However, for optimizing the treatment protocol, selecting Sanyinjiao alone will be enough.

The paper introduced the theory of the standard score and its application in instructional supervision and analyzed the difference between the standard score and original score in instructional supervision recording and revealed the reasons behind the difference.Besides,the paper pointed out the advantages which included scientificity and stability,providing information of the grade level,being suitable for longitudinal comparison and the crosswise comparison,and disadvantages such as complex calculation and depending on the distribution of original records.Finally,the paper put forward some recommendations on using standard score in instructional supervision:keeping the stability of the supervision expert team,insurance of supervision times,carrying out classified supervision and viewing the scores in its entirety.

Parafossarulus striatulus, Pseudorasbora parva and brood ducks are involved in the lifecycle of Metorchis orientalis. Natural nidi of M.orientalis are confirmed in Huaihe River Basin.