Since Parkin was confirmed by the Japanese scholar to be associated with juvenile Parkinson′s disease, it has come to be the focus of the scholars and a lot of researches have been made on it. Apart from Parkinson′s disease, many other disea-ses have also been proved to be associated with the role of Parkin and its interaction with protein substrates, especially in various kinds of cancer diseases and leukemia. This paper focuses on the latest research about Parkin and its development in tumor diseases and leukemia.

AIM: To get the IR spectrums of chrysanthemums from the different producing areas,and to find out the characters of IR spectrums,and the data of IR spectroscopy of chrysanthemums from the different producing areas. METHODS: Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS: The FTIR spectrums、Second-order derivative spectrums、Two-dimensional spectrums of chrysanthemums from the different producing areas have their obvious IR characters. CONCLUSION: We can discriminate chrysanthemums from the different producing areas macroscopically and holistically by IR spectroscopy.IR spectroscopy can give us the digital descriptions of TCM,so it is a new analytical method to discriminate TCM.

Objective To monitor the levels of radioactive contamination due to the Japanese Fukushima nuclear accident in Beijing,so as to provide scientific technical information for government to draw effective controlling strategy and processing mechanism.Methods The system of nuclear emergency nmonitoring was started,then the radioactive contamination levels of atmosphere,rain water,surface water and vegetables in Beijing were detected according to the relative survey regulations and technology criterions.Results During the period from 15 to 41 d after the accident,obvious radioactive contamination was found in the atmosphere of Beijing.The maximum radioactivity concentration of 131I ( 5.89 mBq/m3 ) was detected at 22 d after the accident.The radioactivity concentrations of 137Cs and 134Cs were surveyed forming their corresponding peaks at 20 d after the accident,but they were one magnitude lower than the peak value of 131I at least.In addition,the gross β radioactivity level in the water of Chao Bai-he river was verified to be in the range of 0.314 - 0.602 Bq/L. Conclusions The radioactive contamination due to Fukushima nuclear accident has not done visible harm to the public health in Beijing,but monitoring should be continued to observe the long-term effect of the accident.

Objective To evaluate the significance of clinical grading methods in acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Methods Clinical data of 259 patients suspected APE were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical probability was classified into low, intermediate and high grade by the Geneva score, the Wells score and the SYSU score. The result was contrasted with gold standard. Results Through the three, methods, pa-tients were classified into low pmbability (43.9%-52.5%), intermediate probability (38.0%-42.1%) and high probability (9.5%-14.0%), and the actual frequencies of APE in each category were 6.2%-14.4% in low probability, 65.9%-76.2% in intermediate probability, 88.5%-90.5% in high probability. The SYSU score had the lowest rate of missed diagnosis in low probability (P<0.05 ).The Geneva score was the most accurate in predicting the intermediate probability (P<0.05). But in high probahility, three prediction rules had no significant difference (P>0.05). Combined with D--dimer test, the rote of missed diagnosis in low probability can be lowered. Conclusions The clinical grading methods can predict the clinical probability of APE. It exists similar accuracy, but has different scope of application. Clinical doctor should choose the ap-propriate grading methods in different patients.

Objective To explore the association between tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) polymorphisms and the susceptibility to sepsis. Method Haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) were selected from the HapMap database. The htSNPs were genotyped in 255 patients with sepsis and 260 control subjects by the Beckman SNP stream genotyping platform. The association with susceptibility to and severity of sepsis were estimated by logistic regression with adjustment for age, sex, smoking, drinking,chronic diseases status, APACHE Ⅱ score and critical illness. Results Of 13 TRAF6 ANPs, 7 were tagged by htSNPs. Of them, 5 htSNPs (rs5030496, rs5030411, rs5030416, rs5030445 and rs3740961) were used for final genotyping analysis. Genotype frequencies of those htSNPs were conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg law in both patients and controls. There were no significant association found between the 5 htSNPs and susceptibility to sepsis.Also, there was no significant association between the TRAF6 polymorphisms and the septic shock, death from sepsis as well as organ dysfunction. Conclusions The TRAF6 gene polymorphisms might not play a major role in severity of sepsis.

To analyze how the handover were effected by the conditions of manned spaceflight medical support mission through the practice of medical equipment and drugs in Shenzhou-12 and Shenzhou-13 manned spaceflight medical rescue support missions, this article discussed the preparation, organization and implementation in the handover of medical equipment and drugs in the changing of medical rescue teams, summarized the notices in the work of handover, and provided experience for the smooth handover of different manned spaceflight medical rescue teams in the future.

Objective:To monitor and analyze the activity concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb in atmospheric aerosol in Beijing from 2017 to 2020. Methods:Totally 1 074 atmospheric aerosol samples were collected by high flow air sampler (SnowWhite) including 275 in spring, 266 in summer, 262 in autumn and 271 in winter and subjected to analysis by low background high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometery (ORTEC) to determine the activity concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb. Results:The activity concentrations of 7Be in atmospheric aerosol were from 0.56 to 14.84 mBq/m 3, with an avearage of 6.84 mBq/m 3, and from 0.01 to 9.37 mBq/m 3 for 210Pb, with an avearage 3.19 mBq/m 3. The differences in activity concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb in atmospheric aerosol among differernt seasons were statistically significant ( F=32.66, 93.93, P<0.05). Activity concentration of 7Be was highest in spring, followed by autumn, and lowest in summer and winter. Activity concentration of 210Pb ranged from winter, autumn, spring to summer in descending order. Conclusions:The activity concentrations of 7Be and 210Pb in atmospheric aerosol in Beijing from 2017 to 2020 fluctated within the range of normal level.

Objective:To investigate radionuclide content in soil at 19 spots in Beijing, in order to provide scientific basis for the accurate evaluation of the levels of radioactive contamination.Methods:GEM-MX7080P4 HPGe γ spectrometer was used to analyse the activity concentrations of radionuclide 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in all 38 soil samples from 16 districts of Beijing from 2017 to 2018. Results:The mean activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 23.9 and 24.1 Bq/kg, 31.2 and 31.7 Bq/kg, 600 and 578 Bq/kg respectively for the two consecutive years. The mean activity concentration of 137Cs in the two years was 1.21 Bq/kg, with the highest values of 5.48 and 6.18 Bq/kg, about 4.5 times and 5.1 times the average values in those years. Conclusions:All the result are within the range of the values from previous Beijing municipal and countrywide survey of environmental background, with 137Cs in soil arising almost from the previous nuclear activities or nuclear incidents.

Objective:To investigate the association of left and right ventricular diameters in normal early pregnancy and early middle pregnancy to the biological growth parameters of fetus, and to establish the reference and Z-score model for left and right ventricles.Methods:Two hundred and forty-six fetuses in normal early pregnancy (11-13 + 6 weeks) and early middle pregnancy (14-17 + 6 weeks) from February 2019 to May 2019 in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital were examined by routine ultrasound. Non-cardiac fetal biometric parameters included crown-rump length (CRL), biparietal diameter (BPD) and femoral length (FL) and gestation age (GA) based on menstrual age were assessed. The left and right ventricular widths (LVW, RVW) and ventricular lengths (LVL, RVL) were measured at the end of diastolic period by obtaining the standard four chamber view of fetal echocardiography. The end-diastolic areas (LVA, RVA) as the products of the ventricular widths and lengths, the global spherical indexes (GSI) of left and right ventricles (LVSI, RVSI), the ratios of left and right ventricular widths (LVW/RVW), the length ratios (LVL/RVL) and the area ratios (LVA/RVA) of both ventricles were calculated.GA, BPD and FL were used as independent variables. The predicted cardiac parameters and its derivative parameters were used as dependent variables. The corresponding reference range was established. The correlation between each standard deviation (SD) and independent variables was analyzed, and the corresponding Z-scores of left and right ventricular diameters were calculated by using the formula. Results:①LVW, RVW, LVL, RVL were found positively correlated with the increase of GA, BPD and FL, and the correlation between GA and LVW, RVW was the highest ( r=0.928, 0.930; all P<0.000 1). ②There was a positive correlation between LVA, RVA and GA ( r=0.868, 0.872; all P<0.000 1). LVSI, RVSI were found negatively correlated with GA ( r=-0.844, -0.861; all P<0.000 1), and LVSI>RVSI. LVW/RVW<1 and almost close to 1, the ratios decreased with the increase of GA( r=0.147, P<0.000 1). LVL/RVL>1, the ratios increased with the increase of GA( r=0.313, P<0.000 1). LVA/RVA>1, but there was no correlation with GA. ③The SD values of LVW, RVW, LVL, RVL positively correlated with independent variables. Taking GA and LVW as an example, the linear regression equation of LVW was Y=-5.338+ 0.549GA ( r=0.928, P<0.000 1), and the linear regression equation of LVW-SD was Y=-0.322+ 0.037GA( r=0.131, P<0.000 1). The Z-scores of LVW, RVW, LVL, RVL, LVA, RVA did not change with the changes of GA, BPD, and FL. Conclusions:The normal reference range and Z-scores of left and right ventricular lengths and widths can be simply and reliably established using statistical analysis, and these parameters might have potentials for more accurately and more early evaluating the normal development of fetal heart.

Background ¹³⁷Cs in atmospheric aerosol is the product of past nuclear weapon tests and nuclear accidents. When ¹³⁷Cs is released into the atmosphere, it will deposit in dry land and marine environment, causing pollution of soil surface, water, agricultural products, and animal byproducts, and affecting public health. Objective To identify the variation pattern of ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in aerosol and its correlation with dust concentration in Beijing area from 2017 to 2020. Methods A total of 958 aerosol samples were collected from November 1, 2017 to June 30, 2020 in Beijing with a high volume air sampler at a sampling flow rate about 600 m³·h⁻¹ and a collection time for each sample about 24 h. The activity concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in the aerosol samples was determined with a low-background high-purity germanium γ spectrometer. The dust concentration was calculated using the difference in the mass of the aerosol filter before and after sampling. The detection rate of ¹³⁷Cs and dust concentration in different seasons were compared. Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration and dust concentration. Results From 2017 to 2020, the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrations of 33 from 958 aerosol samples in Beijing were above the minimum detectable activityconcentration, the overall detection rate of ¹³⁷Cs was 3.4%, and the activity concentration ranged from 1.86 to 45.53 μBq·m⁻³, with a median value of 4.85 μBq·m⁻³. The detection rate of ¹³⁷Cs was highest in spring, followed by autumn, and lowest in winter and summer (8.4%, 3.0%, 1.1%, and 0.5%, respectively). The dust concentration ranged from 0.03 to 1.55 mg·m⁻³, with an average value of 0.18 mg·m⁻³. There was a statistically significant difference in the dust concentrations in spring, summer, autumn, and winter (F=45.51, P<0.05), and the highest value was 0.24 mg·m⁻³ in spring (P<0.05). The ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration was positively correlated with the dust concentration (P<0.05). Conclusion The ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in aerosol in Beijing from 2017 to 2020 fluctuates within the range of background level, and its activity concentration is highest in spring, followed autumn, and lowest in summer and winter.