The processing methods of plant nematode slides were introduced in this paper,including temporary mounts,permanent mounts and the stain method for nematode.Each method was described step by step in detail.These methods were essential to the study on classification,identification and characteristics of the plant nematode.

Classification of plant nematodes was summarized in this paper.Points of view on taxonomy of plant nematodes were listed.Some serious plant diseases which were infected by plant nematodes were involved.Identification of genus was introduced,including Meloidogyne,Heterodera,Ditylenchus,Aphelenchoides and Bursaphelenchus.

Objective To investigate the detection situation and distribution of blood typing positive and negative disagree and irregular antibody positive in blood transfusion related tests in tumor patients ,and to make comparative analysis with the data of non‐tumor patients .Methods The results data in 16 760 patients with blood preparation in our hospital from November 2011 to June 2015 were selected and divided into the tumor patients group and the non‐tumor patients group .Among them ,the results of blood typing positive and negative disagree and positive in the irregular antibody screening test were statistically analyzed .Results 27 cases were ABO blood type positive typing inconsistent with reverse typing ,the occurrence rate of the tumor patients group was 0 .65% ,which of the non‐tumor patients group was 0 .08% ;the irregular antibody positive was in 49 cases ,in which 18 cases were in the tumor patients group with the occurrence rate of 0 .74% ,31 cases were in the non‐tumor patients group witht e occurrence rate of 0 .22% ,showing that the occurrence proportion of blood typing positive and reverse inconsistency and irregular antigen posi‐tive was higher than that of the non‐tumor patients group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,31 cases in the non‐cancer group ,the positive rate is 0 .22% .18 cases in cancer‐group with 0 .74% incidence rate .It shows that the proportion of posi‐tive in cancer patients was higher than non‐cancer patients (P<0 .05) .The main influencing factors affecting blood typing problems in the tumor patients group and non‐tumor patients group were the antibody weakening ,followed by autoantibody ,etc .the reasons for the irregular antibody screening positive in the two groups were mainly the specific antibodies .Conclusion The disease charac‐teristics of tumor patients are easier to cause ABO blood type positive and reverse inconsistency and irregular antibody screening positive .In the work ,more attention should be paid to the detection results for avoiding the missed detection ,increasing the identifi‐cation ability and ensuring the blood transfusion safety .determination is more often in cancer patients about Tests about blood transfusion ;This should be relate to character of phymatosis .Much concern should be given to related test of cancer patients′blood transfusion ,avoiding omissions ,and improve the safety of blood infusion .

Objective To observe the effect on succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) of mitochondria in myocardium and liver in sepsis rats treated with edaravone. Methods 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: sham operated group ( group A ), controlled operated group ( group B ), treated group with edaravone (group C). The model of sepsis rats was made by the way of caecum ligated and punctured and 20mg/kg lactate levofloxacin was subcutaneously injected (sci) 15min before and 3h after operation in three group. 5mg/kg edaravone were sci 15min before and 3h after operation in group C. Liver and myocardium were taken from all of them 18h after operation. The activities of SDH in myocardial and hepatic mitochondria were detected, pathological change of mitochondria in liver and myocardium were observed. Results The activities of SDH in myocardial and hepatic mitochondria in group B [ (0. 21 ± 0. 07 ) U/mgprot, (0. 23± 0. 08 ) U/mgprot ] were significantly decreased compared with group A [ ( 0. 33 ± 0. 10 ) U/mgprot, ( 0. 38±0. 12)U/mgprot]. The activities of those in group C[ (0.31 ±0. 08) U/mgprot, (0. 36 ±0. 11)U/mgprot] were significantly increased than group B. Myocardial and hepatic mitochondria swelling and endocytoplasmic reticulum expanding were found in group B by electron microscope, while it showed normal in group C. Conclusion Hepatic and myocardial mitochondrial structure were destroyed and activities of SDH were decreased in sepsis rats. They could be effectively protected by edaravone.

Objective To explore the relationship between the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs)and the expression of β-catenin protein in neonate rats with hypoxic ischemic brain damage (HIBD) after hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. Methods One hundred and eighty Sprague-Dawley rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into a normal control group (CON) , a HIBD model group and a HBO treatment group. The HIBD model was induced using Rice's method. Beginning 3h after the HIBD, HBO was administered to the HBO treatment group at 2 atmospheres for 60 min, once daily for 7 days. The HIBD model group was not given any treatment. The expression of nestin/β-catenin protein in the subventricular zone of the ischemic brain was double-stained for immunofluorescence and analyzed by confocal scanning microscopy dynamically at 3 hours, 21 hours, and then on the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th day of HBO therapy. The expression of whole cell β-catenin and nuclear β-catenin protein in the left brain were also examined by Western blotting at these 6 time points. Linear correlation was used to analyze the correlation between β-catenin and nestin protein. Results The expression of β-catenin protein in NSCs increased initially at the 21st hour after HBO therapy in the model group and the HBO group as compared with the normal control group.β-catenin protein in the model group reached a higher level, though there was no significant difference between model group and the HBO group. At the 5th day of HBO therapy β-catenin protein in the HBO group had reached a significantly higher level than in the model group. At the 14th day the average expression of β-catenin in the HBO group began to decrease. The expression of nestin protein began to increase 21 hours after HBO therapy began, and it peaked at the 7th day of HBO therapy and then decreased. In the HBO group the increase in nestin protein was linearly correlated with that of β-catenin protein. The whole cell β-catenin protein and β-catenin nucleic protein readings increased initially by the 21st hour of HBO therapy and by the 5th day were significantly higher than the levels in the model group. Conclusion HBO treatment is capable of stimulating the proliferation of NSCs in HIBD neonate rats.The proliferation of NSCs is correlated with the activation of β-catenin protein.

Objective:To explore the correlation between early inflammation indicators and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted. Patients with COVID-19 admitted to Wenzhou Central Hospital from January 17 to February 14, 2020 were enrolled. The general information, chest CT before admission, the first laboratory parameters and chest CT within 24 hours after admission were collected. Patients were followed up for 30 days after the first onset of dyspnea or pulmonary imaging showed that the lesions progressed more than 50% within 24 to 48 hours (according to the criteria for severe cases) as the study endpoint. According to the endpoint, the patients were divided into two groups: mild type/common type group and severe/critical group, and the differences in general information and inflammation index of the two groups were compared. Logistic regression was used to analyze the inflammation index and the severity of COVID-19. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was draw to evaluate the predictive value of early inflammation indicators for severe/critical in patients with COVID-19.Results:A total of 140 patients with COVID-19 were included, 74 males and 66 females; the average age was (45±14) years old; 6 cases (4.3%) of mild type, 107 cases (76.4%) of common type, and 22 cases (15.7%) of severe type, 5 cases (3.6%) were critical. There were significantly differences in ages (years old: 43±13 vs. 57±13), the proportion of patients with one chronic disease (17.7% vs. 55.6%), C-reactive protein [CRP (mg/L): 7.3 (2.3, 21.0) vs. 40.1 (18.8, 62.6)], lymphocyte count [LYM (×10 9/L): 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) vs. 0.8 (0.7, 1.1)], the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio [NLR: 2.1 (1.6, 3.0) vs. 3.1 (2.2, 8.8)] and multilobularinltration, hypo-lymphocytosis, bacterial coinfection, smoking history, hyper-tension and age [MuLBSTA score: 5.0 (3.0, 5.0) vs. 5.0 (5.0, 7.0)] between mild/common group and severe/critical group (all P < 0.05). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CRP, NLR, MuLBSTA score, age, and whether chronic diseases were associated with the severity of COVID-19 [odds ratio ( OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were 1.037 (1.020-1.055), 1.374 (1.123-1.680), 1.574 (1.296-1.911), 1.082 (1.042-1.125), 6.393 (2.551-16.023), respectively, all P < 0.01]. Further multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CRP and MuLBSTA score were risk factors for the development of COVID-19 to severe/critical cases [OR and 95% CI were 1.024 (1.002-1.048) and 1.321 (1.027-1.699) respectively, both P < 0.05]. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for CRP and MuLBSTA score to predict severe/critical cases were both 0.818, and the best cut-off points were 27.4 mg/L and 6.0 points, respectively. Conclusion:CRP and MuLBSTA score are related to the severity of COVID-19, and may have good independent predictive ability for the development of severe/critical illness.

Objective To clarify the diagnostic value of oblique axial scan parallel to the course of the anterior talofibular ligament in magnetic resonance imaging of anterior talofibular ligament in patients with chronic ankle instability. Methods 96 patients with ankle injury who were admitted into our hospital form June 2010 to March 2015 were examed with oblique axial scan beside the routine axial magnetic res-onance imaging examination. The grade of the anterior talofibular ligament injury and confirmed full-length views of the anterior talofibular lig-ament were analyzed by two musculoskeletal radiologists ( with more than 5 years experience) , and associated lesions were also checked. Re-sults The full-length view of the anterior talofibular ligament was checked in 69 patients (71. 8%) through the routine axial view and it was checked in 93 patients (96. 9%) through the oblique axial scan view. Anterior talofibular ligament injury was checked in 71 patients through the oblique axial scan, which was 19 patients more than that through the routine axial. Conclusion An additional oblique axial scan is use-ful in evaluation of anterior talofiibular ligament in patients with ankle injury.

Objective To explore the management mode of regional clinical blood ,as well as the role of Regional Medical Center in the blood management ,and have a comprehensive understanding of Daxing district clinical blood using present situation .Methods Organized Daxing district clinical blood using quality control center experts to do a research of 18 medical institutions in the blood management status of clinical blood demand within the jurisdiction ,and analyzed the statistics related to clinical use of blood in vari‐ous medical institutions from January to December in 2014 ,according to Beijing Wei Yi [2008]189 words in medical institutions of Beijing City ,the department of transfusion(blood bank) in the relevant provisions of the basic standard.Results Through the sur‐vey ,only regional medical center established the department of transfusion in 18 medical institutions ,other medical institutions have set up blood bank .Practitioners of department of transfusion (blood bank) in the number full‐time staff ,with post qualification num‐ber and degree of structure ,difference between regional medical center and other kind hospitals was significant (P<0 .01) ,but no statistical differences in the structure of professional title (P>0 .05) .Three grade hospitals in biological safety and continuous im‐provement of quality ,could be carried out in accordance with the PDCA cycle ,and have obvious advantages compared with the other one or two grade hospitals .Conclusion Fifteen medical institutions do not have the clinical blood transfusion compatibility testing conditions .To ensure the safety of blood for clinical use ,blood need to be tested by the department of transfusion regional medical center .

Objective To establish HPLC fingerprint for the identification of Radix Polygoni Multiflori and Radix Cynanchi Auriculati. Methods Chromatographic fingerprint of Radix Polygoni Multiflori, Radix Cynanchi Auriculati, Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata, and "HESHOU WU FEN" was determined by RP-HPLC (DAD) and the gradient elution mode applied in chromatographic separation, data were analysed by Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation Software to compare the similarity of samples. Results Radix Polygoni Multiflori from different samples were of high similarity, but Radix Polygoni Multiflori and Radix Cynanchi Auriculati showed evident difference in fingerprint, and there was difference in fingerprint through processing them. Conclusion HPLC fingerprint method is repeatable and feasible and can be used for the identification of Radix Polygoni Multiflori and Radix Cynanchi Auriculati.

Objective To evaluate the value of transrectal real-time tissue elastography (RTE) targeted prostate biopsy in the peripheral zone combined with peak strain index.Methods One hundred and forty-one patients with suspicious prostate lesions in the peripheral zone were evaluated from February 2011 to February 2014.All the patients underwent RTE with a mean age of 71.6 years,PSA of 30 ng/ml,prostate volume of 50.3 ml and measured peak strain index (PSI).The diagnostic value of PSI was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Two-core RTE combined with PSI targeted prostate biopsy was taken and subsequently a 10-core systematic biopsy was taken.The value of RTE was evaluated.The data of targeted biopsy and systematic biopsy in prostate were both reviewed and statistically compared.Results Cancer was detected in 72 of 141 patients (PSI,mean 24.79),and 69 patients had benign prostate disease (PSI,mean 3.02).PSI value of prostate cancer was significantly higher than that of the benign lesions (P ＜ 0.05).Prostate cancer could be predicted with the highest sensitivity (87.5％) and specificity (88.6％) using the cutoff value of PSI ≥ 5.97 with an area under the curve of 0.95.RTE targeted biopsy combined with PSI could detect 95.6％ of moderate or high risk prostate cancer.One hundred and fifty-nine suspicious areas detected by RTE in 141 patients were biopsied with 2 cores for each area.The positive incidence of prostate cancer in RTE-targeted biopsy cores was 44％ and in systematic biopsy was 30.2％ (P ＜ 0.05).Among the 72 prostate cancer patients,63 cases (87.5％) were detected by RTE-targeted biopsy,62 cases (86.1％) by systematic biopsy (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions RTE combined PSI can improve the detection rate of prostate cancer in the peripheral zone and likewise guide targeted biopsy combined with svstematic biopsy to detect more moderate or high risk prostate cancer.