Objective By measuring the concentrations of serum IL-2,IL-4,IL-8 and TNF-αin chronic bronchitis patients before and after the acupoint sticking therapy which was also called winter disease treated in summer to investigate the effect of therapy on serum concentrations of IL-2,IL-4,IL-8 and TNF-α.Methods 30 cases of patients diagnosed with chronic bronchitis in paracmasia and did not recieve other related treatment were randomly divided into acupoint application therapy group (treatment group)and the control group.The treatment group was giventhree Fuacupoint sticking therapy,the control group was given thecomfortacupoint sticking therapy.Serum IL-2,IL-4,IL-8 and TNF-αconcentrations were compared between the 2 groups before and after treatment.Results In the treatment group,the serum IL-2 concentration of patients after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment(P <0.05),IL-8 and TNF-αconcentrations were significantly lower than those before therapy(P <0.05).Af-ter treatment,serum IL-2,IL-4 levels were significantly higher than those in the control group(P <0.05 )while IL-8 and TNF-αwere significantly lower than those of the control group(P <0.05 ).Conclusion Acupoint sticking therapy in summer for winter diseases effectively increase the concentration of serum IL-2 in patients with chronic bronchitis,reduced IL-8,TNF-α concentra-tions,and enhance their own immunity ability,reduce the degree of inflammation.

OBJECTIVE:To introduce a customer - centric management strategy, i.e, customer value management (CVM). METHODS: Theory of customer value management and customer value analysis were applied in combination with the actual situation of pharmaceutical enterprises.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Pharmaceutical enterprises should pay great attention to CVM strategy to continuously fulfill customer demands.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the orientation of drugstore clerk’s work role.METHODS:Marketing Grid theory was put forward through analyzing the present wrong-position of drugstore clerk.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Drugstore clerk should locate their right role in work and try to avoid wrong position,and they should take“Shopping Guide”clerk as their chief orientation.

Objective To establish the baseline data about gross α and gross β radioactivity in local foods through a preliminary investigation in Urumqi City.Methods The edible parts of six types of foods, including cereals, vegetables, fruit, nuts, meat and dairy food, were pretreated and sampled.MPC 9604 low background o and gross β measuring instrument was used for determination of gross α and gross β radioactivity.Results The natural gross ot and gross β radioactivity in the cereal, vegetables, fruits, nut, meat, dairy food were 0.88-10.80 and 22.20-148.67 in cereals, 1.17-24.24 and 21.41-318.84 in vegetables, 1.44-4.89 and 43.90-112.67 in fruits, 17.49-43.72 and 287.81-747.40 in nut, 3.04 -19.77 and 41.55-164.51 in meat, and 2.07-2.94 and 44.07-59.02 Bq/kg in milk, respectively.Conclusions There are some differences in the gross natural radioactivity between Urumqi and the other provinces and cities due to possible regional differences.In order to further ascertain baseline of natural radioactivity in food in Urumqi, larger sample sizes and more diverse food types are needed for purposes of dynamic monitoring.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the national assessment programs of sampling and testing policy. METHODS:Questionnaire was designed to investigate the drug manufacturers’attitude and suggestions to the national assessment programs of sampling and testing policy;SPSS 18.0 software was adopted to analyze the data;a reliability analysis was conducted for the 17 variables in the table;and a principal component analysis was conducted for the topics with strong correlation. RE-SULTS:A total of 340 questionnaires were sent out,314 were effectively received with the effective rate of 92%. the total internal consistency reliability coefficient Alpha was 0.92;the awareness coefficient of enterprise on the evaluation of sampling and testing was 9.78;4.24 enterprises were relatively agree the evaluation of sampling and testing;the attitude coefficient of enterprise on the improvement of evaluation of sampling and testing was 13.39;and the average score of enterprise on the overall satisfaction scoring was 8.73. CONCLUSIONS:The drug enterprises show high overall recognition for the national assessment programs of sampling and testing policy,and willing to cooperate with the development,and hoping the policy can be improved.

Objective:To construct a eukaryotic expression vector for wild-type human Interleukin-13(whIL-13)and its mutant(mhIL-13) gene fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP) and to analyze the expression and subcellular location of the fusion protein in COS-7 cells.Methods:The whole whIL-13 and mhIL-13 coding gene was amplified by RT-PCR. And then the expression vector for EGFP-whIL-13, EGFP-mhIL-13 fusion protein were constructed.The recombinant fusion gene were transfected into COS-7 cells.The expression and subcellular location of the fusion protein were detected by confocal microscopy.Results:The construction of expression vector were all corrected.In the positive cells, green fluorescent was found to be localized in cytoplasm,while empty in nucleus.Conclusion:The expression vectors for EGFP-whIL-13, EGFP-mhIL-13 fusion protein were constructed successfully and expressed in COS-7 cells. Fusion proteins were distributed in cytoplasm and no significant difference was observed between them.

AIM:Nitroxyl ( HNO) increases myofilament Ca 2+responsiveness relative to increases in intracel-lular Ca2+in cardiac muscle.In this study, we further investigated this effect of HNO on trabecular muscles from phospho-lamban knockout ( PLB-KO) and wide-type ( WT ) mice using a novel HNO donor , 1-nitrosocyclohexyl acetate ( NCA ) . METHODS:Trabecular muscles were dissected from the right ventricles of the rat hearts and mounted between a force transducer and a motor arm.The muscles were superfused with K-H solution (pH 7.4) at room temperature.Fura-2 was loaded into the trabecular muscles via electrophoresis .The length of the sarcomere was set to 2.2~2.3μm.During stead-y-state activations, the maximal Ca2+-activated force and Ca2+required for 50% activation were measured.RESULTS:The intracellular Ca 2+transients and force of the PLB-KO muscles at baseline were higher than those of the WT muscles and exhibited a negative force-frequency relationship (FFR).NCA (2.5μmol/L) increased systolic force in both PLB-KO group and WT group at any given [Ca2+]o.However, there was more dramatic increase in the force development due to moderate increases in the intracellular Ca 2+transients in the WT muscles when external Ca 2+increased from 1.5 to 4.5 mmol/L under NCA.NCA did not affect the negative FFR in PLB-KO muscle.Steady-state force-Ca2+relations obtained from skinned muscles were not different between the 2 groups, while NCA increased Ca2+responsiveness in skinned mus-cles from both PLB-KO and WT mice.CONCLUSION:HNO increases force development in both PLB-KO and WT mus-cles as a result of increases in myofilament Ca 2+responsiveness .The increased intracellular Ca 2+transients are accompa-nied by greater force development in WT mice , suggesting that HNO improves Ca 2+activation and establishes HNO as a positive inotropic agent with novel mechanisms .

Amygdala (AM) plays crucial roles in emotional learning, memory and behavior. These functions of AM are carried out by three main subnuclei (lateral nucleus, basolateral nucleus and central nucleus) in AM and closely related with a transcription factor, cAMP- responsive element binding protein (CREB) in the neurons of the AM. CREB can be phosphorylated (pCREB) in many kinds of neuronal processes to regulate the synthesis of proteins for the formation of memory processes. In order to identify what neuronal types express pCREB and how the pCREB levels changed at different time intervals after an emotional stress stimulation, the present study is designed to investigate pCREB-, glutamate (Glu)- and parvalbumin (PV)- immunoreactive (IR) profiles in AM and the levels of pCREB in AM after a stress of forced swimming (FS). The results showed that the pCREB expressed in the Glu-IR neurons but not in the PV-IR neurons, and the expression level of the pCREB increased dramatically after the stress. The present results suggested that pCREB modulates the emotional processes through the Glu-IR neurons and that the pCREB greatly upregulated to response to the emotional stimuli.

It is proposed that following peripheral nerve injury abnormal sprouting of Aβ fiber primary afferent neurons in the spinal cord contributes to the allodynia that often occurs with such injury. The present investigation is to determine whether this sprouting is reversal after compression of peripheral nerve was relieved. In a rat model of neuropathic pain made by rat sciatic nerve compression,chorela toxin B subunit conjugated horseradish peroxidase (CB-HRP) was used to trace the termination of Afiber primary afferents and sections were reacted for using tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as the chromagen. We demonstrated that the compression to the sciatic nerve also results in hyperalgesia and novel transganglionic CB-HRP staining in laminae Ⅱ, and this sprouting can not be reversed by decompression. This structural reorganization in central nervous system and its irreversible character may contribute to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain.

To improve the extraction of solanesol from tobacco waste, we developed an enzymatic cell wall-breaking process with combined cellulase and ligninase. The effects of reaction time, temperature, pH and enzyme/substrate ratio were determined. The results show that the catalytic effect was better than either single enzyme when the ratio of cellulase to ligninase was 15:1 (U/U). Under the optimized conditions of 175 U/g (enzymes/substrate), tobacco to water 1:5 (W/W), temperature 40 degrees C and pH 6.0, the concentration of solanesol in the solution could reach 0.33 g/L after 8 h. And the average leaching rate reached 96.53% which was 1.68 times of the extraction methods of chemical reflux. It provides new way for the extraction of solanesol from tobacco waste, and worthwhile to be further explored.
Cell Wall ; metabolism ; Cellulase ; metabolism ; Oxygenases ; metabolism ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Terpenes ; isolation & purification ; Tobacco ; chemistry