AIM: To estahlish a RP-HPLC method of determining two caffeic acid derivatives in Echinacea extract and to determine 5 Echinacea purpurea root extracts. METHODS: RP-HPLC was applied to determine 2 caffeic acid derivatives in E.purpurea extract:caftaric acid and chicoric acid.HPLC conditions were as follows: Agilent ZORBAX StableBond C_(18) column(5 ?m,4.6 mm?250 mm) was used,with A(acetonitrile) —B(0.1% H_3PO_4) gradient elution as a mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.2 mL/min.The detection wavelenth was set at 330 nm. RESULTS: 2 caffeic acid derivatives were separated well.The linear range for caftaric acid and chicoric acid were 0.064-0.416 ?g and 0.1-0.7 ?g,respectively.Its average recoveries were 99.37% with RSD of(1.50%) and 100.44% with RSD of 1.71%,respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,accurate,strong specificity and can be used to control the quality of E.purpurea extract and new medicine development.

AIM: To establish a HPLC for the determination of rubimaillin in Shenqiangujing Granules (Radix Codonopsis, Radix Rubiae, Radix Rehmanniae, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, etc.) METHODS: HPLC column was C-18 (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m). The mobile phase was methanol-water-tetrahydrofuran (310∶90∶3). Flow rate was 1.0 mL?min -1 . The detection wavelength was at 249 nm. RESULTS: The linear range of rubinaillin was in the range of 0.056～0.29 ?g, r=0.9999. The average recovery was 99.36% (RSD=1.60%, n=5). CONCLUSION: The method is accurate with the good reproducibility, and can be used for the determination of rubimaillin in Shenqiangujing Granules.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of CCL2 and its effects on the proliferation and adhesiveness on leukemia cells in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL). MethodsThe bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMMSC) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) of 30 ALL patients and 30 healthy controls were studied, and CCL2 level was evaluated by ELISA. CCL2 gene mRNA level in ALL was determined by RT-PCR. The cell proliferation and adhesiveness were detected by MTT assays. The cell counts were measured by flow cytometry. ResultsThe BM plasma levels of CCL2 in patients at diagnosis were significantly higher than that in healthy controls [(780.12±129.61) pg/ml vs (120.49±25.21) pg/ml,t =4.96, P =0.00]. Supernatant levels of CCL2 in BMMSC were significantly higher than that of BMMNC [(572.38±35.39) pg/ml vs (193.85±15.45) pg/ml,t =5.37,P =0.00]in vitro.CCL2 cannot induce leukemia proliferation alone,but could induce leukemia proliferation in BMMNC and BMMSC co-culture in a dose- and time-dependent manner.CCL2 could increase the leukemia adhesive to the BMMSC compared with control (r =0.824,P =0.02).ConclusionPatients with B type ALL had higher levels of CCL2 which was secreted by BMMSC. The leukemia could induce the BMMSC to secrete CCL2. CCL2 could promote the survival and proliferation of leukemia in the presence of BMMSC and BMMNC, and enhance ALL cells adhesion toBMMSC in a dose-dependent manner.

Objective To investigate the bone marrow supernatant expression of sclerostin in the patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and to clarify its clinical signification .Methods The sclerostin level was quantified by using ELISA ,and the gene expression of sclerostin was determined by RT-PCR .Results The sclerostin level was (0 .54 ± 0 .21)pg/mL in the MM group ,which was sig-nificantly higher than (0 .31 ± 0 .06)pg/mL in the control group (t=5 .67 ,P<0 .01) .The sclerostin level was (0 .65 ± 0 .17) pg/mL in the recurrent and refractory MM group ,which was significantly higher than (0 .47 ± 0 .21) pg/mL in the control group and the newly diagnosed group (t=8 .44 ,3 .27 ,P<0 .01) ,RT-PCR verified that the BMMNC of most patients expressed sclerostin gene .The expression of sclerostin in the MM group was negatively correlated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP)(r= -0 .379 ,P=0 .005) ,and positively related with the correction blood calcium ,bone loss points ,serum β2-micro globulin(β2-GM ) ,proportion of serum M protein and clinical International Staging System (ISS) stages .The median follow-up periods were 29(6-65) months ,the low sclerostin group had the median survival period of 48(6-65) months and the high sclerostin group had the median survival pe-riod of 24(6-52) months ,the difference between them had statistical significance (χ2 = 12 .74 ,P< 0 .01) .Conclusion Its level may reflect the bone destruction ,osteogenesis inhibition degree and myeloma burden ,and reflect the median survival period of MM patients to some extent .

Stroke is a common neurological diseases with high morbidity,high mortality and high morbidity characteristics,which brings great suffer and economic burden to the patients and families,and has become an important research topic in contemporary medical profession.Treatment directly affects the prognosis of patients with cerebral infarction,and thus it is very important to find the most effective treatments and methods.Currently,thrombolytic therapy in acute cerebral infarction have carried out a large number of experimental studies,and achieved good results.This paper reviewed the thrombolytic therapy in acute cerebral infarctionincluding the time window,methods and drugs of thrombolysis,and the influencing factors of outcomes were also summarized and discussed.

Objective To explore the value of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) in coronary heart disease(CHD) compli-cating thyroid dysfunction and its correlation with the various detection indicators of thyroid function.Methods The results of uri-nary ACR and thyroid function detection in 863 patients with CHD in our hospital from November 2015 to August 2016 were col-lected.According to the standards of American National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and Food and Drug Administration(FDA) ,863 CHD patients were divided into the group A (ACR≤10.0 mg/g · Cr) ,B(10.0 mg/g · Cr< ACR≤30.0 mg/g · Cr) ,C (30.0 mg/g · Cr300 mg/g · Cr).According to the reference values of thyroid functional indica-tors ,these patients were divided into the thyroid function normal and abnormal groups.Results The ACR level was negatively cor-related with the FT3 level in 863 CHD patients(r= -0.297 ,P<0.05) ,and was positively related with the FT 4 level(r=0.172 , P<0.05).The abnormal rate of thyroid function had significantly statistical difference among four groups (χ2 =33.533 ,P<0.05). The abnormal rate of thyroid function had significantly statistical difference between the patients with ACR >10.0 mg/g · Cr and the patients with ACR ≤ 10.0 mg/g · Cr ,the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05) ,its risk degree was 2.083. Conclusion ACR is likely to be a risk factor for CHD patients complicated with thyroid dysfunction.It is necessary to monitor the thyroid function when ACR level >10.0 mg/g · Cr in CHD patients.

Objective To study binocular rivalry (BR)objectively and the correlation between fusiform face area (FFA)and visual cortex.Methods Six subjects participated in this study,with one eye presented a normal face expres-sion picture flickered at 8.57 Hz,while the other presented a fearful face flickered at 12 Hz or 15 Hz,respectively.Electro-encephalogram(EEG)was recorded during this process.Steady state visual evoked potential(SSVEP)evoked by two flick-ering rates was analyzed by time-frequency analysis of short time fourier transformation(STFT).The time index of BR was estimated and the correlation coefficient between FFA and visual cortex compared.Results The total average time was (411.6 ±73.8)ms for the left eye and (547.6 ±126.7)ms for the right eye.The switch rate of the two groups was not different,but the left FFA was more sensitive than the right FFA in process of the fearful face.Neither side of FFA had any frequency preference to the flickered fearful face.Conclusion SSVEP can be used as a frequency tag of BR or as a tool to evaluate visual sensation under BR objectively.SSVEP combined with BR can be used in research of neural mechanisms of visual awareness.

Objective:To prepare a bone substitute using microsphere scaffold containing adiponectin(APN)and to investigate the release behavior of the scaffold in vitro.Methods:Chitosan microsphere was developed by an emulsion-ionic cross-linking method. Poly (L-lactic-co-glycolic)acid (PLGA)and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)were used to prepare microsphere scaffold containing APN.The morphology,particle size,drug loading,incorporation efficiency and release behavior of the microsphere were examined. Results:The APN containing microsphere showed good spherical geometry,suitable size and microporosity under scanning electron microscope.The average diameter of the milipore was 20 -200 μm;the drug loading and incorporation efficiency were 1 .3% and 70.3% respectively.The controled-release process continued for 91 days.The extract solution from the APN microsphere-scaffold promoted MC3T3 cell proliferation without cytotoxicity.Conclusion:The APN microsphere-scaffold has sustained release function and may promote osteoblast proliferation.

Using atomic force microscope (AFM), we investigated the images of Pars influenza virus (PIV) under different treatment conditions and observed the different appearances of the virus and its ultra-microstructure from the exterior to the interior. From the 2D images under transmission electron microscope (TEM), we could see that the surfaces of PIV particles exhibited spherical and band-shaped 'tufts'; from the 3D images under AFM, we could further observe the whole spherical virus particles and their detailed surfaces, which exhibited round and band-shaped 'tufts'. Comparing the images under TEM with those under AFM, we found that the latter could reveal the surface topograph and ultramicrostructure of viruses more truly than did the former. The samples of viruses were treated by Tritonx-100, the lipid envelopes of virions were partly or completely resolved, and then most of their capsids were exposed. We could observe the different appearances of the virions under AFM, the lipid envelopes of which were gradually removed. The samples of viruses were also treated by SDS, and the RNA was released from the virions. From the AFM images, we could see the structure of the RNA. It was thus clear that AFM could be used to investigate the different appearances and ultramicrostructure of viruses rapidly and efficiently.
Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human ; ultrastructure ; Parainfluenza Virus 2, Human ; ultrastructure

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) by combination use of lobaplatin and arsenic trioxide in treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) in elderly patients.Methods Based on the different medication program,a total of 95 PHC patients,whose liver function belonged to Child-Pugh A or B grade (middle-late stage PHC) or who suffered from early-stage PHC and were unwilling to undergo surgical treatment,were divided into the observation group (n=48) and the control group (n=47).TACE was performed in all patients of both groups.Lobaplatin (40 mg/m2) and arsenic trioxide (10 mg/m2) were adopted for patients of the observation group,while arsenic trioxide (10 mg/m2) was employed for patients of the control group.TACE was carried out once every 6 weeks.The objective response rate (ORR),disease control rate (DCR),the median progression free survival time (mPFS) and the incidence of adverse reactions of both groups were analyzed.Results The ORR of the observation group and the control group was 50.0％ and 48.9％ respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).The DCR of the observation group and the control group was 85.4％ and 80.9％ respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).The mPFS of the study group and the control group was 9 months and 6 months respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.001).The main adverse reactions in the two groups were nausea,vomiting,fever,elevation of aminotransferase,etc.,but the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion For the treatment of PHC in elderly patients,TACE by combination use of lobaplatin and arsenic trioxide can prolong mPFS,and the adverse reactions can be well tolerated by patients.This therapeutic regimen may be a better treatment means for PHC in elderly patients.However,large sample randomized and controlled studies are needed to further confirm its curative effect before it can be reliably used as a routine clinical medication regimen.