After a description of the status quo of information literacy education in domestic colleges and universi-ties and the information literacy courses offered in University of Illinois according to The framework for information literacy in higher education, the information literacy courses offered in University of Illinois according to The frame‐work for information literacy in higher education were analyzed in aspects of their teaching target, teaching contents and teaching methods, with suggestions put forward for domestic information literacy education, including construc-tion of information literacy courses system and implementation of flexible teaching methods.

As a safe,cheap and effective diabetes drug,metformin has been used for many years.Diabetes increases the risk of liver cancer and affects its prognosis.In recent years,it is found that metformin reduces the pancreatic cancer risk in the treatment of diabetic patients,a large of experiments also prove that it has anti-cancer and synergistic anticancer effect.This paper focused on the effects of metformin on treatment of Ⅱ type diabetes,discussed the curative effect on liver cancer,suggested the molecular biology mechanism of inhibiting tumor,listed the latest experiment researches,analyzed the existed clinical data,proposed the further study of anticancer mechanism and clinical treatment.Metformin for a future role in prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes are briefly summarized and future prospects,which in type Ⅱ diabetic patients with liver cancer in a prospective study of the effect of treatment.Mefformin for application in other cancer prevention also raises possibilities.

Background Researches showed that femtosecond laser corneal small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) was used in the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism due to its fast recovery,good shortterm efficacy and few complications.However,few research focused on its long-term efficacy.Objective Thisstudy was to evaluate the effectiveness,safety,predictability,stability and complications of SMILE.Methods A serial cases-observational study was carried out under the approval of Ethic Committee of Henan Eye Institute and informed consent of patients.Sixty-seven eyes of 34 patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism were included in Henan Eye Institute from January to June 2013.All the patients received SMILE and followed-up for 2-year duration.The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA),best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),automatic optometry,intraocular pressure and corneal topography were examined before surgery and 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months,1 year and 2 years after surgery and calculated the spherical equivalent (SE).The long-term efficacy of SMILE included effective index (preoperative BCVA/postoperative UCVA),safety index (postoperative BCVA/ preoperative BCVA),predictability (linear regression analysis between actual SE and attempted SE) and refractive stability (SE changes at postoperative time points).Results The preoperative BCVA was ≥ 20/20 in 60 eyes with the percentage of 89.55％.UCVA≥ 20/20 were found in 61 eyes and 60 eyes in postoperative 3 months and 2 years respectively (91.04％ and 89.55％).The effective index was 1.038±0.182 and 1.029±0.231 in postoperative 3 months and 2 years respectively,showing an insignificant difference between them (t =0.400,P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the preoperative BCVA,8.96％ (6/67) and 10.45％ (7/67) eyes lost 1 line at 3 months and 2 years after surgery,respectively.The safety indexes were 1.141±0.193 and 1.312±0.242 at 3 months and 2 years after surgery,with no significant difference between them (t =0.414,P＞0.05).A linear correlation was found between actual SE and attempted SE both at postoperative 3 months and 2 years,with the linear regression equations of Y=0.897 1X-0.440 8 (R2 =0.914 2,P＜0.05) and Y =0.893 7X-0.382 3 (R2 =0.915 7,P＜0.05),respectively.The SE was (0.013±0.578),(-0.033±0.489),(-0.106±0.508),(-0.103±0.375),(-0.154±0.518) and (-0.147±0.366)D 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months,1 year and 2 years after surgery,respectively,and there were no significant difference among different time points (F =0.185,P =0.176).Eighteen in the 67 eyes occurred opaque bubble layer after surgery.Diffuse lamellar keratitis appeared in 6 eyes and punctate keratitis was in 2 eyes.These complications were cured 1 month after administration of drugs.Conclusions SMILE is good in effectiveness,safety,predictability and refreactive stability and has fewer complications during 2-year following-up.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) on the recurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative treatment. MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang Data, and VIP were searched for the clinical studies of DAA and the recurrence of HCV-related HCC published up to April 2020. Stata 14.0 software was used to perform the meta-analysis. The Cochran Q test was used to evaluate heterogeneity between studies; the fixed effects model was used for non-heterogeneous data, and the random effects model was used for heterogeneous data. The Egger regression method or the Begg rank correlation method was used to evaluate the presence or absence of publication bias. ResultsA total of 10 articles (11 studies) were included in our study, among which 8 articles (9 studies) compared the effect of DAA versus the absence of anti-HCV therapy on the recurrence of HCC after curative treatment. There were 991 patients in DAA group and 808 patients in untreated group. The results of the meta-analysis showed that DAA reduced the recurrence rate of HCC after curative treatment in patients with HCV infection (hazard ratio ［HR］=0.42, 95% confidence interval ［CI］: 0.28?0.36, P＜0.001). Three articles compared the effect of DAA versus interferon for the treatment of hepatitis C on the recurrence of HCC after curative treatment, with 267 patients in DAA group and 212 in interferon group, and the results of the meta-analysis showed that DAA and interferon had a similar effect on the recurrence rate of HCV-related HCC (HR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.64-1.15, P=0.298). ConclusionBoth interferon and DAA can significantly reduce the recurrence risk of HCV-related HCC after curative treatment, with no significant difference between them.

Objective:To analyze the survival efficacy, prognostic factors and failure patterns of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) underwent postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) using modified clinical target volume (CTV) based on postoperative high-frequency recurrence regions, so as to provide reference for the further optimization of CTV of PORT.Methods:The patients with ESCC underwent radical operation in Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from April 28, 2014 to November 29, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with stage pT 3-4aN 0 or N +, who underwent PORT with modified CTV based on postoperative high-frequency recurrence regions, were included in the study. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate overall survival (OS) and locoregional recurrence free survival (LRFS) , adverse events of patients were evaluated, Cox proportional hazards model was used for univariate and multivariate survival analysis, and the failure patterns of patients after PORT were analyzed. Results:A total of 85 patients were included in this study, and the median follow-up time was 52.6 months. The median OS of the whole group was 74.1 months. The 1-year, 2-year and 3-year OS rates were 97.6%, 84.7% and 71.7% respectively. The median LRFS was not reached, and the 1-year, 2-year and 3-year LRFS rates were 92.9%, 78.6% and 71.5% respectively. The incidence of grade 3-4 adverse events was 17.6% (15/85) , mainly including lymphopenia, bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal reaction and skin reaction. Univariate analysis of OS after PORT showed that the degree of differentiation (set G1+G1-2+G2 group as the control group, G2-3+G3 group HR=4.19, 95% CI: 1.91-9.17, P<0.001; NA+basal-like group HR=4.16, 95% CI: 1.29-13.44, P=0.017) and postoperative stage ( HR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.09-4.39, P=0.030) were the influencing factors of OS. Cox multivariate analysis showed that the degree of differentiation was an independent prognostic factor for OS after PORT (set G1+G1-2+G2 group as the control group, G2-3+G3 group HR=5.24, 95% CI: 2.30-11.93, P<0.001; NA+basal-like group HR=4.83, 95% CI: 1.33-17.62, P=0.017) . The first failure patterns analysis showed that 39 cases (45.9%) had recurrence, among which, 22 cases (25.9%) had locoregional recurrence with the median onset time of 15.2 months after operation, 19 cases (22.4%) had distant metastasis with the median onset time was 14.1 months after operation, and 2 cases (2.4%) were mixed failure mode. Among the locoregional recurrence, 16 cases (72.7%) recurred in the radiation field. Among all the local recurrence sites, the lymph node drainage regions in the supraclavicular, upper middle mediastinum and upper abdominal perigastric/celiac artery trunk areas were the most common sites. Among the distant metastatic organs, lung, bone and liver metastases were the most common. Conclusion:Patients of ESCC with high risk of recurrence after radical esophagectomy have long survival time and high safety after PORT with modified CTV according to the high-frequency recurrence regions. It is worthy of further confirmation by multicenter, large sample and prospective clinical trials.

Abstract Hypertension in children can have adverse health effects such as vascular damage, cardiac metabolic risk, and organ damage during childhood, and can also increase the risk of hypertension in adulthood. Obesity has been recognized as an important cause of elevated blood pressure in children. By reviewing and summarizing relevant literature at home and abroad, the study analyzes the relationship between dietary and circadian rhythm and explores the role and mechanism of circadian rhythm in terms of the metabolic health of youth, thereby providing a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in this population and to identify directions for future research.

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a portable REF-XT01 uric acid meter in measuring blood uric acid concentration, and to determine whether the results of the uric acid meter could be used to guide the adjustment of uric acid-lowering drugs.Methods:1 551 subjects were enrolled from the Gout Clinical Medical Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. The fasting venous blood was collected and the serum uric acid was measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer. Meanwhile, the capillary blood uric acid was measured by fingertip puncture using the REF-XT01 uric acid meter. Linear regression, intra-group correlation coefficient(ICC), and Bland-Altman plots were used to analyze the uric acid concentration correlation between the biochemical analyzer(sUA BA)and the uric acid meter(sUA UM). The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve)was conducted to evaluate whether sUA UM can be used as a reference for the gout patients to take uric acid-lowering drugs. Results:The regression analysis showed correlation between sUA BA and sUA UM, with the regression formula Y=0.875X+ 39.525( r=0.84, P<0.01)and the ICC was 0.829(95% CI 0.814-0.844, P<0.01). The Bland-Altman diagram showed a good consistence(the absolute deviation was-143.4-114.5 μmol/L, mean deviation was -14.4 μmol/L)between sUA BA and sUA UM. The sensitivity was 96.61%, specificity was 48.81%, and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)was 0.926( P<0.01)when 300 μmol/L was defined as the detection threshold of the uric acid meter, the sensitivity was 90.98%, specificity was 66.78%, and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)was 0.914( P<0.01)when 360 μmol/L was defined as the detection threshold of the uric acid meter. Conclusion:REF-XT01 uric acid meter is applicable for the adjustment of uric acid-lowering drugs for the gout patients, because of its high accuracy for the detection of uric acid.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with keratoconus, and to explore the factors influencing keratoconus severity.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed.A total of 908 patients (1 476 eyes) with primary keratoconus were enrolled in Henan Eye Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021.The medical history data of patients were collected by face-to-face questionnaire survey.Refractive parameters were measured by subjective optometry.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by a non-contact tonometer, and corrected IOP was calculated by Dresden formula.Corneal topography parameters was obtained using Pentacam HR.The subgroup analysis of clinical characteristics of all patients was performed by age (<21 years, 21~<31 years, ≥31 years) and gender.Disease severity was graded based on steep keratometry (Ks), namely mild (Ks<48 D), moderate (48 D≤Ks<55 D) and severe (Ks≥55 D). The influencing factors of disease severity in keratoconus were analyzed by ordered Logistic regression.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HNEECKY-2019[5]). All subjects or guardians were informed of the purpose and significance of the study and written informed consent was obtained.Results:Of the 908 patients, 622 were with bilateral keratoconus and 286 were with unilateral keratoconus.The median age of onset was 20(17, 26) years, and the median age of diagnosis was 21(18, 27) years.The ratio of males to females was 3.05∶1.There were 9.80%(89/908) of the patients having a history of allergy, 25.55%(232/908) having a history of other systemic diseases, and 1.98%(18/908) having a family history of keratoconus.Of the 1 476 affected eyes, 27.57%(407/1 476) were diagnosed as severe keratoconus, and 61.94%(568/917) had a history of eye rubbing.The medians of sphericity, cylindricity, IOP, corrected IOP, Ks, thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), anterior corneal surface elevation (AE) and posterior corneal surface elevation (PE) were -4.00(-7.00, -1.75)D, -3.50(-6.00, -1.50)D, 12.00(10.30, 13.80)mmHg, 15.40(13.60, 17.00)mmHg, 49.85(46.40, 54.90)D, 460.00(425.00, 490.00)μm, 21.00(13.00, 34.75)μm, 51.00(33.00, 75.00)μm, respectively.The spherical refraction, IOP and corrected IOP were lower and the cylindrical refraction was higher in patients at age <21 years than in patients at age 21~<31 years, and the TCT of patients at age <21 years was higher than that at age ≥31 years, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Compared with female patients, male patients had younger onset age, lower spherical refraction, IOP and corrected IOP, as well as higher cylindrical refraction, AE and PE, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.05). The spherical refraction and IOP of male patients were lower than those of female patients at age <21 years, and the cylindrical refraction was higher in males than in females among the patients at age 21~<31 years, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P<0.05). Among the patients with onset age <21 years and diagnosis age <21 years, the ratio of males to females in patients with severe keratoconus was higher than those with mild and moderate disease, and the difference was statistically significant (both at P<0.05). Older age of onset was a protective factor for disease severity in keratoconus (odds ratio=0.981, 95% confidence interval: 0.963~0.999). Conclusions:The younger the onset age of keratoconus patients, the more severe the disease.Among the patients with severe keratoconus, there were more male patients, and males have a younger onset age and severer conditions.It is suggested that early screening of keratoconus in children and adolescents should be strengthened in clinical work, and more active prevention and treatment measures should be taken for younger patients, especially males.

Objective:To analyze clinical characteristics of and causative genes in two families with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, and to reveal the pathogenesis of the disease and mechanisms underlying phenotypic differences between patients.Methods:DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of members from two families with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, and subjected to high-throughput sequencing and Sanger sequencing.Results:The clinical manifestations of the 2 probands in the 2 families were consistent with the diagnosis of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, and the symptoms of the proband in family 1 were more serious than those of other patients in the family. Genetic testing showed that all patients in family 1 carried a mutation c.6082G>C (p.G2028R) in the COL7A1 gene, and the proband and her phenotypically normal mother and uncle also carried a splice-site mutation c.7068+2 (IVS91) T>G in the COL7A1 gene, both of which were first reported. The proband in family 2 carried the mutations c.6081_6082 ins C (p.G2028Rfs*71) and c.1892G>A (p.W631X, first reported) in the COL7A1 gene, which were inherited from her father and mother, respectively.Conclusion:The two pathogenic mutations may be the molecular mechanism underlying the severe clinical phenotype in the proband in family 1; the first reported mutations enriched the mutation spectrum of the COL7A1 gene.