Objective:To review the application of microemulsions as vehicles in transdermal delivery systems. Methods:Based on the recently published papers, the research on the application of microemulsions was classified and summarized. Results: Microe-mulsions is extensively applied as drug vehicles due to the ability of solubilization, drug permeation enhancement and efficacy improve-ment. Conclusion:Microemulsions as promising vehicles for transdermal delivery show a good application prospect.

Objective To explore the possibility of differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from patients with hepatocirrhosis into hepatocyte-like cells induced by EGF and HGF and to lay basis for transplanted autologous bone marrow MSCs in treatment of liver disease at terminal stage.Methods Bone marrow cells were obtained from volunteers with liver cirrhosis.MSCs were separated by density gradient centrifugation and were cultured through adhere culture.MSCs were cultured in DMEM medium with HGF,EGF,HGF+EGF or no growth factor.The phenotypes of MSCs were identified by flow cytometry,immunohistochemistry,and Albumin levels in culture supernatants were determined by ELISA.Results Growth and division of adherent cells obtained from the patients with hepatocirrhosis were good and the phenotypes of MSCs were CD29 positive and CD34 negative.The shape of MSCs changed from long fusiform to polygonal or round on 21th-28th days in grow factor induced groups.Immunocytochemical analysis for CK18 and AFP showed positive staining reaction for AFP on 7th day,for CK18 on 21st and 28th day in grow factor induced groups with MSCs-induced Alb production increasing in a time-dependent manner.No markers of hepatocyte linear cells were detected in no growth factor induction group.Conclusion Both HGF and EGF can induce mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate hepatocyte-like cells alone or coordinately.

The stratum corneum barrier and the other issues in transdermal drug delivery system have attracted more and more at-tention, and the novel liposomes as the drug delivery vehicles effectively solve the problems. The novel liposomes can significantly im-prove transdermal drug penetration, therefore, can enhance efficacy and shows high application value and development prospects. In the paper, combined with some domestic and foreign current researches, the classification, penetration mechanisms and application of the novel liposomes were reviewed.

Objective:To study the effects of ascorbic acid on BMP-2 mRNA expression of osteoblast cell sheets.Methods:Rat os-teoblasts were primaryly cultured and identified;osteoblast cell sheets were built by physical scraping method in vitro;the osteoblast cell sheets were cultured with 1 5,50 and 85 mg/L ascorbic acid for 1 and 2 weeks respectively,and the expression of BMP-2 mRNA of the cell sheets was detected by RT-qPCR.Results:The obtained cells were conformed to be osteoblasts.The osteoblast cell sheets could be rolled into tube in vitro.The expression of BMP-2 mRNA of osteoblast cell sheets in experiment group,whether in week one or week two was higher than that in control group,50 mg/L group showed the highest expression(first week P <0.05;second week P>0.05);the expression of any group in week two was higher than that in week one(P <0.05).Conclusion:Ascorbic acid may pro-mote the expression of BMP-2 mRNA in osteoblast cell sheets.

Objective To explore the association between CRP and circadian variation of blood pressure in both hypertensive and normotensive old population.Methods The 82 patients with essential hypertension (EH) and 79 normotensive adults were enrolled in this study. Serum high sensitive CRP (hsCRP) level was tested by fluorescence immunoassay technology. The 24-hour ambulatory monitor of the level and variability of blood pressure was carried out. Multivariable linear regression models were run to adjust the age, gender, body mass index, blood sugar, blood fat,smoking history and baseline blood pressure for analyzing the association between hsCRP and circadian variation of blood pressure.Results ( 1 ) The variability of systolic blood pressure during daytime,nighttime and 24-h our periods were higher in EH group than in control group (P＜0.01 or P＜0. 05), the variabilities of diastolic blood pressure were also significantly higher than in control group (P＜0. 05), the dipping ratios of nocturnal systolic, diastolic and mean artery pressure were all less than in contrast group (all P＜0.05). (2) The hsCRP was obviously higher in EH group than in control group [(5.44± 1.78)mg/L vs. (3.03±0. 72) mg/L, P＜0. 01]. (3) The hsCRP had positive associations with diastolic blood pressure variability during daytime (r= 0. 492, P＜0. 001 ), nighttime (r=0.240, P=0.048), and 24-hour (r=0.271, P=0.030). The variability in diastolic blood pressure predic ted the level of hs CRP(r=0.660, R2=0.436, P＜0.001). (4) In control group, no significant association was found between CRP and variation of blood pressure.Conclusions The BP variability and serum CRP in EH patients are obviously higher than in normotensive patients,however, the nocturnal BP dipping ratio is less than in normotensive patients. Furthermore, the level of serum hsCRP in EH patients is positively associated with the variation of blood pressure, especially for variation of diastolic blood pressure.

Objective:To investigate the iodine content distribution of drinking water in Jiangsu Province.Methods:In 2017, the iodine content in drinking water of residents in townships (streets, hereinafter referred to as townships) of Jiangsu Province was investigated. Administrative villages (neighborhood committees, hereinafter referred to as administrative villages) of Jiangsu Province were selected as units for the investigation of townships with the median water iodine greater than 10 μg/L. Delimitation criteria: the median iodine content of water < 40 μg/L was iodine deficiency area, 40-100 μg/L was suitable iodine area, and > 100 μg/L was high iodine area.Results:A total of 1 285 townships were surveyed in 101 counties (cities, districts) in 13 cities, and the median water iodine in townships was 7.28 μg/L. Among them, there were 875 townships with median water iodine < 10 μg/L, accounting for 68.09%; 315 townships 10-< 40 μg/L, accounting for 24.51%; 56 townships 40-100 μg/L, accounting for 4.36%; 39 townships > 100 μg/L, accounting for 3.04%. The water iodine survey at the administrative village level was conducted in 5 864 administrative villages in 410 townships in 6 cities. Among them, 769 administrative villages with median water iodine < 10 μg/L, accounting for 13.11%; 3 558 administrative villages 10 - < 40 μg/L, accounting for 60.68%; 613 administrative villages 40 - 100 μg/L, accounting for 10.45%; and 924 administrative villages > 100 μg/L, accounting for 15.76%.Conclusion:According to the water iodine, there are iodine deficiency, suitable iodine and high iodine areas in Jiangsu Province, mainly in iodine deficiency areas.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of simple anthropometric parameters in diagnosing obesity in children in Guangzhou. Methods A cross-sectional study, including 465 children aged 6-9 years, was carried out in Guangzhou. Their body height and weight, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference were measured according to standard procedure. Body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Body fat percentage (BF%)was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multiple regression analysis was applied to evaluate the correlations between age-adjusted physical indicators and BF%, after the adjustment for age. Obesity was defined by BF%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the indicators for childhood obesity. Area under-ROC curves (AUCs) were calculated and the best cut-off point that maximizing'sensitivity+specificity-1'was determined. Results BMI showed the strongest association with BF% through multiple regression analysis. For'per-standard deviation increase' of BMI, BF%increased by 5.3%(t=23.1, P<0.01) in boys and 4.6%(t=17.5, P<0.01) in girls, respectively. The ROC curve analysis indicated that BMI exhibited the largest AUC in both boys (AUC=0.908) and girls (AUC=0.895). The sensitivity was 80.8% in boys and 81.8% in girls, and the specificity was 88.2%in boys and 87.1%in girls. Both the AUCs for WHtR and WC were less than 0.8 in boys and girls. WHR had the smallest AUCs (<0.8) in both boys and girls. Conclusion BMI appeared to be a good predicator for BF%in children aged 6-9 years in Guangzhou.

Objective To master the condition of drinking water fluorosis in Jiangsu Province and the operation of improved-water project,and to provide a scientific basis for further prevention and treatment of drinking water fluorosis.Methods In 2015,17 drinking water fluorosis counties were selected in Jiangsu Province,and 3 villages in each county were selected as monitoring sites,when the number of drinking water fluorosis villages was less than 3,all of the drinking water fluorosis villages were selected as monitoring sites.To know the progress and running conditions of the improved-water facilities,water samples were collected to determine the fluorosis level.All children aged 8-12 years were monitored for dental fluorosis.Two monitoring counties were selected to monitor the X-ray changes and urinary fluoride of adults with skeletal fluorosis.Results A total of 47 villages were surveyed,46 of which had water improved,and 1 had water unimproved.The rate of water improved was 97.87％ (46/47).The number of improved-water facilities that were operating normally was 45,and the rate was 97.83％ (45/46).The number of intermittent operation was 1.The number of improved-water facilities with qualified water fluoride was 42,and the rate was 91.30％ (42/46).In the villages with normal improved-water facilities,and qualified water fluoride,the total rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 was 15.56％ (600/3 855),and the dental fluorosis index was 0.29.In the villages with normal improved-water facilities,but unqualified water fluoride,the total rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 was 57.30％ (267/466),and the dental fluorosis index was 1.21.The range of water fluoride in water unimproved villages was 1.2-2.0 mg/L,and the total rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 was 40.91％ (36/88),and the dental fluomsis index was 0.66.The detection rate of skeletal fluorosis in adults was 5.16％(16/310),the geometric mean of urinary fluoride was 0.67 mg/L,and the range of urinary fluoride was 0.02-2.76 mg/L.Conclusions The improved-water projects in drinking-water fluorosis areas in Jiangsu Province have achieved a certain effect,but water fluoride is unqualified in some water projects.We should strengthen the maintenance and supervision of the water projects to ensure the normal operation of water projects.

Objective To understand the drinking water type fluorosis in Jiangsu Province, dynamically monitor the disease trends, and to evaluate the operation effect of the water project comprehensively. Methods Twenty-six fluorosis districts and counties in Xuzhou, Lianyungang, Suqian, Huaian and Yancheng were selected as the monitoring sites. The change of water improvement engineering and the value of water fluoride were surveyed and tested. There were three different situations of changed water: the water improvement engineering operated normally was the first, the water improvement engineering operated abnormally or water fluorine excesses the standard was the second,and without water improvement was the last.The teeth of children aged 8 to 12 years were checked according to the method of Dean. The skeletal fluorosis of adults was checked according to "Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis"(WS 192-2008) by X-ray inspection. Results The normal operation rates of changed water project from 2011 to 2015 were 100.00% (30/30), 85.29% (29/34), 82.50% (33/40), 95.92% (47/49),and 97.83%(45/46),and the excessive rates of water fluorosis for normal operating engineering were 13.33%(4/30),17.24%(5/29),9.09%(3/33),14.89%(7/47),and 11.11%(5/45).The dental fluorosis detection rates of children aged 8 to 12 years were 33.68% (194/576), 28.30% (711/2 512), 36.25% (1 577/4 350), 22.06% (837/3 794), and 20.44% (903/4 417) from 2011 to 2015, the differences were statistically significant (χ2= 190.952, P < 0.05). The dental fluorosis detection rates in the three situations of water changed annually was statistically significant (χ2=129.336, 130.402, 21.419, P < 0.05). The detection rates between three different water conditions were 21.88% (2 857/13 057), 57.23% (1 156/2 020), 36.54%(209/572), and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=206.295, P < 0.05). Differences between the villages with water improvement engineering changed but not worked and the villages with water improvement engineering changed and worked well and the villages without the water improvement engineering were statistically significant(χ2=200.861,36.336,P<0.0125).The difference of detection rates between the villages with normal operation and the villages without water improvement was not statistically significant(χ2=2.131, P>0.0125).The X-ray detection rates of skeletal fluorosis in adults from 2011-2015 were 17.83% (51/286), 16.61% (49/295), 15.36% (51/332), 10.95% (53/484), and 5.16% (16/310); urinary fluoride range was 0.02 - 22.0 mg/L; the geometric average was 0.67 - 4.06 mg/L, there was no statistical significant difference of skeletal fluorosis distribution annually(χ2=6.060, P > 0.05). Conclusion The general condition of drinking water type fluorosis in Jiangsu Province from 2011 to 2015 is gradually under control, but the engineering operation and water quality improvement still need to be improved; water change project not functioning or with excess fluorine is more harmful to children's teeth.

Objective:To analyze the detection rate of thyroid nodules and goiter in school-age children in different water iodine regions and investigate the difference of thyroid nodule and goiter in school-age children with different age, gender and body mass index (BMI) in Jiangsu Province.Methods:In 2017, three villages with water iodine values of 8.1, 51.2 and 115.4 μg/L (iodine deficient group, iodine appropriate group and iodine high group) were selected as survey sites in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, where the supply of iodized salt was suspended. One primary school was selected from each village, and children aged 8 to 10 years old (age balance, half male and half female) were selected from each primary school as the survey subjects. Urine sample were collected, urinary iodine level was determined, height and weight were measured, and neck B ultrasound was performed.Results:A total of 131, 140 and 138 school-age children aged 8 to 10 years old were investigated in the iodine deficient group, iodine appropriate group and iodine high group, respectively, with a total of 409 children. The detection rates of thyroid nodules were 6.9% (9/131), 15.0% (21/140) and 16.7% (23/138), respectively, and the detection rates of goiter were 1.5% (2/131), 1.4% (2/140) and 6.5% (9/138) in the three groups, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of thyroid nodules and goiter in different water iodine groups (χ 2 = 6.92, 6.37, P < 0.05). The detection rates of thyroid nodules in different age groups were 9.5% (12/126), 11.3% (16/142) and 17.7% (25/141), the differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 9.05, P < 0.05). The detection rates of thyroid nodules were 11.6% (24/207), 14.4% (29/202), and 12.5% (39/313), 16.9% (14/83), 0/9 and 0/4 in the subjects of different gender and BMI, the differences were not statistically significant (χ 2 = 0.69, P > 0.05). The detection rates of goiter in the subjects of different gender, age and BMI were 1.4% (3/207), 5.0% (10/202); 2.4% (3/126), 6.3% (9/142), 0.7% (1/141); 1.6% (3/313), 4.8% (4/83), 3/9 and 1/4. The differences were statistically significant (χ 2 = 4.07, 7.66, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The detection rate of thyroid nodules in school-age children in different water iodine regions in Jiangsu Province may have a certain relationship with age, and the detection rate of goiter may have a certain relationship with age, gender and BMI.