Objective In order to provide evidence for researches related to evaluating the
humanistic caring ability of head-nurses, we developed the questionnaire and launched reliability and validity test for it. Methods Through analyzing in documents, theories and scales, launching a 2-round experts consultation for 19 experts, the questionnaire consists of 3 first-class indicators, 8 second-class indicators and 36 third-class indicators. A total of 217 nurses, from third-grade class-A hospital who had a more than 5-year clinical experience, were selected by convenient sampling. Finally, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire had been summarized. Results The Cronbach α was 0.937 for the total questionnaire and 0.743-0.898 for each sub-scales. The split half reliability coefficient for the total questionnaire was 0.801 and 0.748-8.872 for each sub-scales. Test result of questionnaire content validity demonstrate the CVI was 0.91 for the total factors and 0.83-1.00 for each factor.Through exploratory factor analysis, 8 common factors were abstracted and cumulative variance contribution rate was 65.852%. Conclusions The questionnaire, developed for evaluating the humanistic caring ability of head-nurses, shows acceptable reliability and validity, and it′s worth to be popularizing and using in future.

Objective:To investigate whether the risk of intravesical recurrence increases in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC) and diabetes mellitus (DM) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with bladder cuff excision. Methods:We ret-rospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 282 UUT-UC patients with no history of bladder neoplasm and who underwent RNU with bladder cuff excision in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2005 to December 2013. The recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were compared between the non-diabetic (233 patients) and diabetic (49 patients) patients. The factors influencing intravesical recurrence in patients with UUT-UC after RNU were analyzed. These factors included age, DM, pathologic grade, and stage. Results:Among the 282 patients included in the study, 80 (28.4%) patients developed intravesical recurrence during the median fol ow up of 41 months, and the median time to recurrence was 11 months. Non-diabetic patients had a significantly longer duration of bladder neoplasm RFS than diabetic patients (P=0.013). Multivariate analysis using Cox's regression model indicated that DM (P=0.014), renal pelvis and ureter tumor (P=0.001), and postoperative chemotherapy (P=0.024) were independent influential factors for intravesical recurrence in patients with UUT-UC after RNU with bladder cuff excision. Conclusion:DM posed an increased risk for intravesical recurrence after RNU with bladder cuff excision in patients with UUT-UC. Therefore, these patients need to be closely monitored, and their blood glucose must be controlled.

Objective Toestablishthe concept and structure elements of the nurse humanistic practiceability. Methods Using documentandtheoretical analysis to definethe concept of the nurse humanistic practiceability. And usestructuralanalysis to explain the structural elementsto formDelphiexpert consultationquestionnaire, which was investigated for 18 experts in 5provinces includingnursing education, nursing management, nursing clinicalcare,medical humanitiesandhumanistic medicine,and eventually established thetheory and structure model of the nurse humanistic practiceability. Results The effective recovery rates of the questionnaire were 81.8%(18/22)and 100%(18/18). The authority coefficients were 0.924, and the total consistency coefficients were 0.307 and 0.367 with statistical significance. TheDelphi expert consultation has established the concept, six-level structural elementsand15sub-elements. And for the first-class,the average value was 3.94-5.00,the coefficients variation of was 0.00-0.20;for the secondclass,the average value was 3.89-5.00,the coefficient variation were 0.00-0.19. Conclusions The study onconceptand structure elements of nurse humanistic practice ability has completed, which provide theoretical basis for improvement of nurse humanistic practice ability.

Objective To evaluate medical students′ achievements of studying through the practical base website for humanistic quality education. Methods Totally 61 students from school of nursing and 135 students from the first clinical medical college of Southern Medical University in Guangzhou were organized as volunteers. They were divided into the intervention group and the control group (98 people per group) in completely random method by the Random Number Generators of SPSS 20.0. With a two-month experiment, the humanistic knowledge scores and humanistic caring ability scores of these two groups were investigated by the Humanistic Knowledge Test Paper and the Caring Ability Inventory. And the learning effects of the website by the intervention group was evaluated with the self-designed questionnaire. Results There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between students in the intervention group and the control group when it came to general information. Before the experiment, the score of humanistic knowledge test paper, the total score of caring ability inventory, the score in the dimension of cognition, patience, and courage of the intervention group were 6.29 ± 0.58, 172.40 ± 10.00, 58.98 ± 4.22, 51.56 ± 5.22, 61.86 ± 6.40, the scores of the control group were 6.36 ± 0.63, 172.65 ± 13.49, 59.31 ± 4.05, 50.83 ± 6.56, 62.52 ± 7.28, there were no significant differences between the two groups (all P>0.05). After the experiment, the score of humanistic knowledge test paper, the total score of caring ability inventory, the score in the dimension of cognition and courage of the intervention group were 7.82± 0.62, 182.34 ± 12.78, 65.04 ± 9.12, 65.17 ± 6.58, the scores of the control group were 6.37 ± 0.60, 170.73 ± 8.92, 58.29±5.61, 62.36±6.90, there were significant differences between the two groups (t=2.92-16.67, all P<0.01). The scores in the dimension of patience of the intervention group and the control group were 52.12±3.60 and 51.02±4.34, and there was no significant difference (t=1.94,P>0.05). As shown by the evaluation made by students in the intervention group about the learning effect of the website, the average score was the highest in the field of skills (3.95 ± 0.58), followed by the cognitive field (3.92 ± 0.46) and emotional field (3.75 ± 0.66). Most of the respondents believed that web-based learning could deepen students′ understanding of humanistic quality education (4.13 ± 0.57), independent web-based learning could strengthen the application of online resources (4.06±0.59) and students could master communicative skills required in different situations through web-based learning (4.05 ± 0.58). Conclusions Students are satisfied with the practical base website for humanistic quality education, the website has rich learning contents and can improve students′ interests and motivation. Through web-based learning, humanistic knowledge and humanistic caring ability of students can be improved to some extent. But the website is still in development, it needs an evaluation indicators system in order to do further research for all application effects of the website.

Objective To investigate the current status and the related influencing factors of humanistic care quality of nurses in department of aged homes in Guangzhou,for the future to carry out humanistic care education,and provide a reference for improving humanistic care quality of nurses.Methods 270 nurses from 8 department of aged homes in Guangzhou were investigated by convenience sampling and evaluation table on humanistic care quality of nurses.The affected factors were analyzed by multiple stepwise regression.Results The aggregate score of humanistic care quality of nurses in this study was (113.59±9.78),which was lower than the reference score (118.36±16.75) of humanistic care quality of nurses of some general hospitals in Shanghai in 2010,offered by Liu Yuxiao,the designer of the evaluation table.The scores were correlated with 4 impact factors including home,politics status,care index of colleagues,whether to accept the education and training of humanistic care;multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that care index of colleagues and whether to accept the education and training of humanistic care were the main factors.Conclusions Humanistic care quality of nurses in department of aged homes in Guangzhou was in lower level,and especially caring ability and the attitude towards caring.Department of aged homes should cooperate with universities,to establish a set of training courses on humanistic care quality of nurses in department of aged homes.Through the systematic,standardized training,to improve humanistic care quality of nurses and the quality of nursing service.

Objective To investigate the serum creatinine (SCr) level in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) and to explore the relationship between the SCr level and the clinical characteristics.Methods A total of 80 patients with sALS,80 patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and 80 patients with tension-type headache (TTH) were enrolled in the study.The SCr levels were compared among the three groups.The association between the SCr level and the revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R),the forced vital capacity (FVC) percentage of predicted (FVC％ pred),the site of symptom onset,the duration of disease and the rate of disease progression was evaluated in the sALS group.Results The SCr level was significantly decreased in the sALS group than the other two groups [(60.86 ± 16.80) μmol/L vs (70.05 ± 12.79) μmol/L and (66.97-± 14.14) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.01].In the sALS group,the SCr level was positively correlated with the ALSFRS-R (r =0.315,P =0.005),while no correlation was found between the SCr level and the FVC％ pred,the site of symptom onset,the duration of disease and the rate of disease progression (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The SCr level is an important biochemical index in the patients with sALS and might play an important role in monitoring the disease progression.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between changes in Golgi apparatus morphological structure and endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice.Methods:Twenty healthy male C57BL/6J mice, weighing 18-20 g, aged 6-8 weeks, were divided into 2 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group Sham) and endotoxin-induced ALI group (group ALI). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 10 mg/kg was injected intravenously in group ALI, while the equal volume of normal saline 0.5 ml was given instead in group Sham.The animals were sacrificed at 12 h after LPS injection and the lung tissues were taken for detection of the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and wet to dry weight ratio (W/D ratio), for observation of the pathological changes (using HE staining) and Golgi apparatus morphological structure (with a transmission electron microscope) and for determination of expression of Golgi matrix protein 130 (GM130), Golgin97 and mannosidase alpha class II member 1 (MAN2A1) and its mRNA (by Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction). Results:Compared with group Sham, ROS content and the W/D ratio in lung tissues were significantly increased, GM130, MAN2A1, Golgin97 protein and its mRNA expression were down-regulate ( P<0.01), the pathological changes of lung tissues were accentuated, the Golgi cisternae was swollen, and Golgi fragments were dispersed in the cytoplasm in group ALI. Conclusion:The mechanism of endotoxin-induced ALI may be related to the changes in Golgi apparatus morphological structure.

Objective To investigate the expression of AIF, CYT C, PAF-1, caspase-3, and XIAP in Sprague-Dawley rats with spontaneous mammary neoplasms.Methods One-hundred and thirty 3-4-week old SPF Spargue-Dawley rats (♀∶♂=1∶1) were fed in a specific pathogen free (SPF) breeding barrier for 60 weeks.The occurrence of spontane-ous breast tumors was recorded and histopathology was performed to identify the types of tumors.The rats were divided into 3 groups:rats with normal breast tissue ( group I) , with benign tumors ( group II) and with malignant tumors ( group III) . The expression of AIF, CYT C, APAF-1, caspase-3 and XIAP proteins and mRNAs were detected by immunhistochemistry ( IHC) and RT-PCR assay.Results Among these 130 SD rats, 14 rats were observed having spontaneous mammary neo-plasms with the incidence rate of 10.77%(14/130).In these neoplasm cases, 7 cases were mammary fibroadenomas, 7 cases of breast carcinoma, both with an incidence rate of 5.38%.Immunohistochemistry showed that, compared with the group I, the positive expressions of AIF, APAF-1, caspase-3 were decreased significantly (P<0.01), and the CYT C and XIAP expressions were significantly increased in the group II.The positive expression of all genes except XIAP was de-creased in the group III(P<0.01).Compared with the group II, APAF-1 and XIAP were significantly higher in the group III (P<0.01), and the positive expression of AIF, Cyt C, and caspases-3 were significantly decreased (P<0.01).In the results of RT-PCR assay, except APAF-1 which showed significant correlation with the results of immunohistochemistry ( P<0.05 ) , all the others showed an extremely significant correlation with immunohistochemical results ( P <0.01 ) . Conclusions Mammary tumors are most common spontaneous neoplasms in SD rats.Abnormal expression of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway-related factors AIF, CytC, APAF-1, caspase-3, and XIAP are correlated with the carcinogenesis and de-velopment of breast tumors.

Objective To analyze the features of nerve conduction in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),and explore the correlation between compound muscle action potential (CMAP)amplitude and disease duration and revised amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale (ALSFRSR).Methods Standard motor and sensory nerve conduction studies were performed in 154 patients with ALS.The following parameters were collected including CMAP amplitude,distal motor latency (DML),motor conduction velocity,sensory conduction velocity and sensory nerve action potential amplitude.Regression study was done to explore the correlation between CMAP amplitude and disease duration and ALSFRS-R.Results Motor nerve conduction abnormalities were presented in a majority of the patients with prolonged DML in the tibial nerve,median nerve and ulnar nerve as the most common form (61.06％-81.42％),followed by decreased CMAP amplitude (30.12％-53.98％),decreased MCV (12.05％-16.81％) and absence of CMAP (2.65％-9.73％).Sensory nerve conduction abnormalities were detected in a small proportion of patients and the decreased SCV,decreased SNAP amplitude and absence of SNAP in the sural nerve,median nerve and ulnar nerve were found in 1.22％-2.73％,0-1.82％ and 0-1.22％patients respectively.No correlation was found between CMAP of the common peroneal nerve,tibial nerve,median nerve and ulnar nerve and the disease duration (P ＞ 0.05),while significant positive correlation was established between CMAP amplitude of the median nerve and ulnar nerve and ALSFRS-R (r =0.273,P =0.016;r =0.357,P =0.001).Conclusions Motor nerve conduction is abnormal in a majority of ALS patients with prolonged DML as the most common form,while abnormal sensory nerve conduction is only found in a few of ALS patients.CMAP amplitude of the median nerve and ulnar nerve might be of certain clinical value in evaluating the severity of ALS.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the embryotoxicity of alkaloids in Senecionis Scandentis Hebra on in vitro cultured mouse embryos. Mouse whole embryo culture (WEC) was applied in this study. Post-implantation (8.5 d) mouse embryos were isolated from their mothers, and cultured in medium of immediately centrifuged serum (ICS) with different concentrations of seneciphylline (target concentrations were 100, 50, 25 and 12.5 μg x mL(-1)) or senkirkine (target concentrations were 50, 25 and 12.5 μg x mL(-1)) for 48 h. After culturing completed, the development and organic morphodifferentiation of the cultured embryos were evaluated microscopically. Treatment with seneciphylline and senkirkine had adverse effects on the development and organic morphodifferentiation of embryos. The effect also had clear dose-response. Alkaloidals in Senecionis Scandentis Hebra had embryotoxicity on cultured embryos, which indicated that pregnant people exposed to Senecionis Scandentis Hebra may get potential risk on fetus.