Combined surgery for left Subclavian artery revascularization and CABG was performed in a 74-year-old man with diabetes mellitus. The preoperative coronary angiogram showed critical stenoses in all three major branches, and arteriography revealed obstruction at the left proximal subclavian artery. Severe atherosclerotic calcification was acknowledged circumferentially in the ascending aorta and in the aortic arch. For this patient axillo-axillary crossover bypass grafting was performed first using and expanded PTFE graft, followed subsequently by off-pump CABG using all in situ grafts (right internal thoracic artery-left anterior descending artery (RITA-LAD), left internal thoracic artery-diagonal branch (LITA-diagonal branch), gastroepiploic artery-right coronary artery (GEA-RCA)). Postoperative recovery was smooth, with disappearance of significant pressure difference between both arms (preoperatively, 46mmHg). An angiogram on the 7th postoperative day showed a widely patent axillo-axillary bypass graft along with good flow of all three coronary grafts, in which LITA was visualized well through the axillo-axillary bypass graft. For complex atherosclerotic disease of the proximal aorta and incipient portion of neck vessels associated with severe coronary sclerosis, this technique is a suitable option.

Among 62 patients who underwent hybrid arch TEVAR, which is a combination of supra-aortic bypass and TEVAR to treat arch aneurysm, 5 patients encountered postoperative cerebral infarction. In 2 patients, whose thoracic aorta were extremely shaggy, cerebral infarction were multiple and fatal. Other 3 patients, whose aorta were not shaggy, developed visual disturbance after TEVAR and minor cerebral infarction were detected in the area of vertebral artery. To prevent cerebral infarction after hybrid arch TEVAR, the blood flow from the left subclavian to vertebral artery is considered to be significant.

An 84-year-old man with a thoracic aortic aneurysm underwent total arch replacement with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion. Immediately after the operation, respiratory distress and hypotension developed and Chest X-ray films and computed tomography showed bilateral lung edema. Echocardiography showed a small, underfilled left ventricle, but with preserved systolic function. We suspected transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), and started sivelestat and steroid pulse therapy. His respiratory condition gradually improved, and he was discharged on postoperative day 78. The diagnosis of TRALI was confirmed by positive test results of an HLA class I antibody in the transfused fresh frozen plasma and T- and B-cells of the patient. TRALI should be considered as a cause of acute lung injury after surgery with blood transfusion.

Mucolipidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder that demonstrates a clinical resemblance to mucopolysaccharidosis. Accumulation of glycoproteins throughout the body causes dysfunction of several organs, in particular, valvular heart diseases are an important cause of mortality, however, there is no consensus guideline regarding the indications and optimal timing of the surgical repair because of the unclear and short natural history. Here we present 12- and 15-year-old siblings diagnosed with mucolipidosis who underwent aortic valve replacement. The senior sibling received redo-aortic valve replacement for prosthetic valve dysfunction 11 years after the initial surgery. A few surgical valve replacements in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis have been reported, however, there is no published case of aortic valve replacements in two siblings with mucolipidosis.

A 59-year-old man who was diagnosed with hypertension and a large thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm was referred to our hospital for surgical treatment. He underwent open surgery and thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair in three stages. He developed paraplegia after the third surgery. Despite acute postoperative treatment and rehabilitation, his lower extremity motor function and bladder and bowel dysfunction did not improve. He was transferred to a recovery hospital 67 days after the third surgery. However, he was readmitted to our hospital about four months later for management of a refractory decubitus ulcer and recurrent urinary tract infections. Computed tomography revealed hematoma and calcification around the femur. Based on the clinical course and imaging findings, we diagnosed neurogenic heterotopic ossification associated with postoperative paraplegia in this patient. He had flap reconstruction for the ulcer. Finally, he was discharged 79 days after readmission. To date, no study has reported neurogenic heterotopic ossification associated with postoperative aortic aneurysm paraplegia. The mechanism underlying this condition is similar to the widely accepted process associated with traumatic spinal cord injury, and conservative treatment comprising pressure ulcer treatment and antibiotics was continued. Although acute rehabilitation is important after highly invasive aortic aneurysm surgery, rehabilitation is limited by the risk of neurogenic heterotopic ossification in patients with postoperative paraplegia, and recovery and maintenance of activities of daily living are challenging. To our knowledge, early diagnosis and prompt treatment for these complications are important considering neurogenic heterotopic ossification.

An 88-year-old man was diagnosed with right renal pelvic carcinoma and underwent laparoscopic right nephroureterectomy. On postoperative day 3, he developed aspiration pneumonia and sepsis and received antibiotic therapy. A central venous catheter (CVC) with an outer diameter of 12 G was inserted via the right internal jugular vein for total parenteral nutrition. On the day after catheterization, pulsatility reverse flow was observed in its lumen, and arterial mispuncture was suspected. Enhanced computed tomography (eCT) revealed that the CVC was inserted at the right internal jugular vein and had penetrated the right subclavian artery, and the CVC tip was positioned at the ascending aorta. Our team discussed the strategy, including direct arterial suture, endovascular therapy, and a percutaneous closure device. Because the patient was too frail to endure direct arterial closure, we chose endovascular therapy. Under general anesthesia, we pulled the CVC. Immediately afterwards, we deployed a GORE® VIABAHN® VBX using the transaxillary approach. On postoperative day 1, eCT showed that the GORE® VIABAHN® VBX was positioned from the right subclavian artery bifurcation, and there were no complications of hemorrhage, endoleak, or migration. His postoperative course was uneventful, and he was transferred to another hospital on postoperative day 16.

A 71-year-old man presented to our hospital with sudden-onset epigastric pain. He reported a history of undergoing the following operations : aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation 11 years earlier and graft replacement of the ascending aorta for acute type A aortic dissection, 1 year earlier. His systolic blood pressure was 70 mmHg, and computed tomography revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the distal anastomosis of the ascending aorta with a connection to the right pulmonary artery. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established with cannulation of the right axillary artery and the right femoral vein, and systemic cooling was initiated before sternotomy. We identified an area showing 3 cm dehiscence at the distal aortic anastomosis after hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective cerebral perfusion. The ascending aorta was replaced as hemiarch replacement, and the defect in the right pulmonary artery was closed with bovine pericardium. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and he was transferred to a rehabilitation hospital on the 22nd postoperative day.

The peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is widely used as a central venous catheter for both pediatric and adult patients. Fewer procedure-related complications have been reported than for conventional methods using the internal jugular, femoral, or subclavian veins for access. On the other hand, thrombosis and phlebitis are more common than in conventional methods, and sometimes the catheter cannot be removed by manual traction. In this study, a 13-year-old girl had received long-term sedation from a PICC due to neurodegenerative disease. The patient was referred to our department because of difficulty in manual drawing for removal of the PICC. A CT scan showed that the PICC was bent at the right axillary vein and there was a high-density area around it. Surgical treatment was chosen after a joint conference between the department of pediatrics and us to discuss the reliability and invasiveness of the several treatments. Under general anesthesia, an incision was made under the right subclavian bone, and her axillary vein was exposed. The lumen of the vein was filled with a white plaster-like compound, and the catheter itself was buried inside it. The compound was removed, and the bent PICC was straightened and removed from the puncture site. There is no other case for difficult removal of PICC in this form without calcification. We believe that surgical removal was effective in this case because of her vascular structure.

In cases of renal cell carcinoma causing embolism in the inferior vena cava, aggressive surgical resection is recommended and expected to improve the prognosis. The patient was a 52-year-old man who had been on hemodialysis since the age of 45 due to diabetic nephropathy. A CT scan for anemia revealed a tumor in the right kidney, and the patient was referred to the urologist at our hospital. A thorough examination revealed a diagnosis of primary right renal carcinoma with tumor embolization in the inferior vena cava (IVC) that extended to the right ventricle. During surgical resection of the tumor, a midline abdominal incision was made. The liver was detached and exposed to the IVC by the gastroenterological surgeon, followed by dissection of the right kidney for removal by the urologist. The wound was then extended to the anterior chest, and a mid-thoracic incision was made. The SVC was snared, and a right atrial incision revealed a tumor. We resected the tumor at the level of the diaphragm while blocking the IVC, and sutured the right atrium. The IVC was then incised centrally from the confluence of the right renal veins to identify the renal tumor that was resected from the lumen along with the venous wall. The missing IVC wall was reconstructed with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) patch. In this case, the patient received complete resection of a right renal cell carcinoma, with inferior vena cava embolism and tumor extending into the right ventricle, using extracorporeal circulation. He was discharged on the 29th day after surgery without any major postoperative complications. The use of cardiopulmonary bypass is considered to be an effective means of ensuring surgical safety in cases of complete resection of malignant tumors that have spread from the IVC to the heart.

A 72-year-old female was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in 2014 and was followed up. Severe mitral regurgitation coexisted with APS, but the case was nonsymptomatic, and surgery involved high risk. Therefore, the physicians continued their observation. In 2020, the patient experienced rheumatic severe mitral stenosis and shortness of breath on exertion. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and coronary stenosis were also detected. Therefore, we planned mitral valve replacement, tricuspid annuloplasty, coronary artery bypass, pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial appendage closure. During extracorporeal circulation (ECC), we performed coagulation management based on blood heparin concentration using HMS PLUS. Because the APS patient showed prolonged activated clotting time (ACT), and coagulation therapy based on ACT is unreliable. She was discharged from our hospital on postoperative day 23. No complications, including bleeding and thrombosis, were observed 2 years after the operation. We experienced a case of APS who underwent cardiac surgery and performed coagulation management by measuring heparin concentration during ECC. We targeted a 3.5 U/ml heparin concentration, and her clinical course was uneventful.