The effect of acupuncture electrotherapy (AET) on siccative symptoms (dry eye, dry mouth) of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) was examined using changes in the lacrimary secretion volume, the salivary secretion volume, and the skin temperature on the face as well as the dry score.
1) The control group (n=10) was subjected to 1-Hz/30-Hz AET on the face and 1-Hz AET on the posterior neck and upper scapula region. Though, the 30-Hz AET on the face resulted in a significant increase in the lacrimary secretion volume, salivary secretion voloume, and skin temperature on the face, no clear changes were observed in response to stimulus at the posterior neck and upper scapula region.
2) In one group of SjS patients (n=15), 30-Hz AET on the face significant increased the lacrimary secretion volume and salivary secretion volume.
3) In a second group of SjS patients (n=7), no significant difference in effects with elapsed time was observed immediately after, 30 minutes after. 1 hour after, and 2 hours after applying 30-Hz AET on the face.
4) In a third groups of SjS patients (n=10), no significant difference in the cumulative effect of 30-Hz AET applied to the face was observed after the first, fifth and tenth treatments. However, the dry mouth score significantly decreased from the first treatment to the tenth treatment.
The above observations indicate that the effect of AET on siccative symptoms of SjS patients occurs in the order of trigeminal nerve, facila nerves, and glosspharygeal nerve reflexes (somatic-parasympathetic nerve reflex). They also indicate that the reactivity varies according to the frequency of stimulation provided, with high-frequency stimulation being particularly effective in salivation, suggesting that acupuncture may contribute to improving the QOL of patients by mitigating the subjective siccative symptoms experienced by them.

An attack of Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP) is characterized by blanching of the fingers in response to cold or emotional stimuli.
We analyzed the effect of ninjinyouei-to on RP in patients with MCTD. Subjects in this study comprised 19 patients, two males and 17 females, with a mean age of 38 years, and a mean duration of disease of 57.6 months. The study was performed at a time when RP occurred frequently in our country, that is in the period from November 1992 to March 1993.
We administered 9.0g of ninjinyouei-to to each case for four weeks and measured the surface skin temperature of the hands before and after medication with a thermograph using a Thermoviewer-JTG 3300.
There was a significantly higher temperature on the left first finger-tip after medication. Our thermographic findings in this study demonstrate a quantitative efficacy of ninjinyouei-to on RP in MCTD.

With an increasing number of patients suffering from chronic renal failure, the question of how to prolong the period before starting hemodialysis therapy has been attracting great attention. Kremezin^® and Daio-Kanzo-To, which have been reported to produce good clinical results, were administered to two patients with chronic renal failure in the preservation phase. When the treatment started, renal function tended to deteriorate, and hemodialysis had to be introduced in both patients. We investigated possible causes of this deterioration, and the effect of the combined use of Kremezin^® and Daio-kanzo-To the renal function could not be denied. This combination therapy needs to be studied very carefully.

We experienced a case of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) which responded to Kampo medicine. A 53-year-old female patient first complained of stiffness and pain in the neck. Myalgia was severe and gradually eypanded to both shoulders and both upper extremities. Body weight decreased, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was greater than 100mm/hour. Because her condition tended to improve when treated with prednisolone 10mg/day, she was diagnosed as having PMR. Her condition was well controlled until the dose of prednisolone decreased. Myalgia then recurred, and the ESR increased to 83mm/hour. The patient visited our outpatient department for treatment with Kampo therapy. Two months after treatment with Sairei-to plus Yokuinin-to, all signs and symptoms disappeared other than the stiff neck. Her body weight showed a tendency to increase. Six months after she first visited us, prednisolone was decreased and then stopped. Her condition still remains well controlled with this Kampo therapy alone. She has no clinical signs and symptoms, and the ESR has improved to 16mm/hour.

In 1984 a 42-year-old female complaining of general malaise and loss of strength in the proximal muscles of the limbs came to the 2nd Department of Internal Medicine for an examination. From her high CPK value, electromyogram, muscle biopsy, etc., she was diagnosed as having polymyositis. Initially she responded well to steroids, but a year later the condition recurred. Treatment with various methods such as the immunosuppressants methotrexate and azathioprine, steroid pulse therapy and plasma replacement were tried without success. In September 1991, the patient's CPK value remained abnormal at about 800mU/ml. According to the Oriental Medical viewpoint, the condition was diagnosed as Kidney yin Deficiency. Rokumi-gan was therefore administered daily (7.5g/day) for a period of 80 days. The CPK value was brought down to the vicinity of 200mU/ml, and the feeling of general malaise and lack of strength in the proximal muscles of the limbs was improved. However, due to the persistence of edema in the lower limbs, the Kampo formula was changed from Rokumigan to Chorei-to, also administered at a dosage of 7.5g/day. This reduced the edema and normalized the CPK value to the 100mU/ml range. During this period, steroid administration was maintained with prednisolone (30mg/day). At present, with the improvement in the CPK value, steroid administration is gradually being reduced.

Twenty-two patients with chronic glomerulonephritis were treated with Sairei-to (7.5g/day), either alone or in combination with camostat mesilate (600mg/day), to determine the efficacy and adverse effects of these regimens. Although there was significant improvement in proteinuria (p<0.05) after 8 weeks of treatment with Sairei-to alone, this was not longlasting. Combination therapy resulted in sustained significant improvement (p<0.03; there were two dropouts). No adverse effects were seen with either regimen. The results suggest that combination therapy using Sairei-to and camostat mesilate may be a safe and efficacious method of treatment for patients with chronic glomerulonephritis.

A laser endoscopy system was developed in 2012. The system allows blue laser imaging (BLI), BLI-bright, and linked color imaging (LCI) to be performed as modes of narrow-band light observation; these modes have been reported to be useful for tumor detection and characterization. Furthermore, an innovative endoscopy system using four-light emitting diode (LED) multilight technology was released in 2016 to 2017 in some areas in which laser endoscopes have not been approved for use, including the United States and Europe. This system enables blue light imaging (this is also known as BLI) and LCI with an LED light source instead of a laser light source. Several reports have shown that these modes have improved tumor detection. In this paper, we review the efficacy of BLI and LCI with laser and LED endoscopes in tumor detection and characterization.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; Endoscopes ; Endoscopy ; Europe ; United States