In this study ,a wild type Salmonella typhimurium (S .typhimurium) strain was isolated and identified in Hong Kong (S129) ,then the asdA gene was knocked out and replaced with kanamycin resistant gene in a Salmonella typhi-murium strain S129 using the λ RED-mediated recombination method .The constructed mutant asdAΔS129 was validated by culturing in the presence or absence of 2 ,6-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) growth in vitro and evaluating its virulence in BALB/c mice challenge assay .Therefore ,this study has demonstrated that an asdA mutant Salmonella typhimurium has been success-fully constructed .

Objective To evaluate the changes in motor function impairment and brain functional networks of patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS)through parameters of spontaneous activities of both upper limbs and electroencephalogram graph theory analysis methods.Methods The data of 34 acute ischemic stroke patients(observation group)with upper limb motor disorders who were treated in the Department of Neurology of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 2022 to October 2023,and 40 healthy controls(HC group)were collected.The subjects completed the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)and Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA)within 7 days,and wore wrist activity recorders(Actiwatch)continuously for 24 hours to collect data on sponta-neous activities of upper limbs and analyzed related parameters such as the coordination coefficient of both upper limbs(r),the activity ratio of the affected side to the healthy side upper limb(ULAR),etc.At the same time,all subjects completed approximately 2 hours of 19-channel electroencephalogram examination.After preprocessing the electroencephalogram data,5 segments of 10-second resting-state electroencephalogram were extracted for graph theory.Results ① Compared to healthy individuals,AIS patients exhibited decreased functional connectivity edges in the 8 and θ bands,with substantial reductions in network connections in the α band.In the β band,connections between the frontal,right parietal,and occipital regions weakened,while connections from the right temporal lobe to the left temporal lobe strengthened.In the γ band,there was a significant increase in connections throughout the brain.② Graph theory analysis revealed significantly increased shortest path lengths(α band:t=2.228,P＜0.05,d=-0.52;β band:t=-3.641,P＜0.01,d=-0.878)and decreased global efficiency(α band:t=2.535,P＜0.05,d=0.591;β band:t=3.321,P＜0.01,d=0.803)in the observation group compared to the control group.In the γ band,local effi-ciency(t=3.279,P＜0.01,d=0.765)and clustering coefficients were significantly higher(t=3.358,P＜0.01,d=0.783).③ In the-γ band,the ULAR ≤30％group showed significantly re-duced shortest path length(t=-2.063,P＜0.05,d=-0.802)and increased global efficiency(t=2.226,P＜0.05,d=0.865),local efficiency(t=2.95,P＜0.05,d=1.147),and cluste-ring coefficient(t=2.962,P＜0.05,d=1.148).④ In the observation group,the bilateral upper limb coordination coefficient during sleep was negatively correlated with NIHSS scores(r=-0.389,P＜0.05)and ULAR(r=-0.395,P＜0.05),while FMA scores were positively cor-related with ULAR(r=0.442,P＜0.05).Conclusion The parameters of spontaneous activities of the upper limbs can be used to determine the impairment of motor function in AIS patients.The combination of changes in brain functional networks and motor impairments can provide new ideas for the study of their neural network mechanisms.

Objective To evaluate the changes in motor function impairment and brain functional networks of patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS)through parameters of spontaneous activities of both upper limbs and electroencephalogram graph theory analysis methods.Methods The data of 34 acute ischemic stroke patients(observation group)with upper limb motor disorders who were treated in the Department of Neurology of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 2022 to October 2023,and 40 healthy controls(HC group)were collected.The subjects completed the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)and Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA)within 7 days,and wore wrist activity recorders(Actiwatch)continuously for 24 hours to collect data on sponta-neous activities of upper limbs and analyzed related parameters such as the coordination coefficient of both upper limbs(r),the activity ratio of the affected side to the healthy side upper limb(ULAR),etc.At the same time,all subjects completed approximately 2 hours of 19-channel electroencephalogram examination.After preprocessing the electroencephalogram data,5 segments of 10-second resting-state electroencephalogram were extracted for graph theory.Results ① Compared to healthy individuals,AIS patients exhibited decreased functional connectivity edges in the 8 and θ bands,with substantial reductions in network connections in the α band.In the β band,connections between the frontal,right parietal,and occipital regions weakened,while connections from the right temporal lobe to the left temporal lobe strengthened.In the γ band,there was a significant increase in connections throughout the brain.② Graph theory analysis revealed significantly increased shortest path lengths(α band:t=2.228,P＜0.05,d=-0.52;β band:t=-3.641,P＜0.01,d=-0.878)and decreased global efficiency(α band:t=2.535,P＜0.05,d=0.591;β band:t=3.321,P＜0.01,d=0.803)in the observation group compared to the control group.In the γ band,local effi-ciency(t=3.279,P＜0.01,d=0.765)and clustering coefficients were significantly higher(t=3.358,P＜0.01,d=0.783).③ In the-γ band,the ULAR ≤30％group showed significantly re-duced shortest path length(t=-2.063,P＜0.05,d=-0.802)and increased global efficiency(t=2.226,P＜0.05,d=0.865),local efficiency(t=2.95,P＜0.05,d=1.147),and cluste-ring coefficient(t=2.962,P＜0.05,d=1.148).④ In the observation group,the bilateral upper limb coordination coefficient during sleep was negatively correlated with NIHSS scores(r=-0.389,P＜0.05)and ULAR(r=-0.395,P＜0.05),while FMA scores were positively cor-related with ULAR(r=0.442,P＜0.05).Conclusion The parameters of spontaneous activities of the upper limbs can be used to determine the impairment of motor function in AIS patients.The combination of changes in brain functional networks and motor impairments can provide new ideas for the study of their neural network mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase 4 (CAMK4) and the therapeutic effect of amlodipine in essential hypertensive patients in Chinese Han nationality.
 METHODS: A total of 108 mild-to-moderate essential hypertension patients in Chinese Han nationality were treated with amlodipine for 8 weeks at a dosage of 5 mg/d. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed to detect the genotypes (rs10491334). Blood pressure was measured and analyzed.
 RESULTS: The result of rs10491334 polymorphism of CAMK4 was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium distribution and the frequencies of C allele and T allele were 88.89% and 11.11%, respectively. The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure before amlodipine treatment were not statistically different among different genotype carriers (P>0.05). The blood pressure was significantly reduced in all patients after amlodipine treatment (P<0.05). Systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased in patients with rs10491334 CC genotype and CT genotype compared with those patients with rs10491334 TT genotype. Total effective rates of CT and TT carriers were higher than those of the CC genotype carriers (P<0.01).
 CONCLUSION The CAMK4 gene polymorphism might be associated with the efficacy of calcium channel blocker in treating mild-to-moderate essential hypertension patients.
Alleles ; Amlodipine ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4 ; Calmodulin ; Essential Hypertension ; Ethnic Groups ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide