Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been widely performed for patients with various genetic and acquired malignant and non-malignant diseases.Central nervous system (CNS) complications are considered an important cause of morbidity and mortality after HSCT.This review discuss the main causes of CNS after HSCT such as infection,drug toxicity,graft-versus-host disease,metabolic encephalopathy,neurologic relapses etc,so as to benefit the early recognition of CNS complications and to improve the prognosis of patients after HSCT.

Objective To evaluate the value of Compas technique( computed optimun method for profile angle of singht,Compas) in displaying intracranial aneurysms. Methods DSA images of 31 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosed by CT were studied. The DSA images in routine A-P and Lateral projections were compared with the images obtained by Compas technique in the same equipment. Results 23 of 31 were diagnosed as intracranial aneurysms by Compas and confirmed by operation, while only 5 were diagnosed definitely with routine A-P & Lateral projections. The other 18 studies were discovered as blurred margin of the artery but indefinite for the diagnosis of aneurysms. There is a statistical difference between the two methods. ?~2=14.93,P

Objective To investigate the expression of tight junction protein 1(Claudin‐1) and vascular endothelial growth factor C(VEGF‐C) in colorectal carcinoma tissues and the relationship between them .Methods Totally 50 cases of colorectal carci‐noma ,paracancerous tissues and 50 cases of normal colorectal tissues from Department of Pathology were detected by immunohisto‐chemistry SP method ,according to the patient′s age ,gender ,lymph node metastasis ,depth of invasion ,clinical stage for comprehen‐sive comparison ,and analyze the Claudin 1 and VEGF‐C protein expression in colorectal cancer tissues .Results The positive rates of Claudin‐1 ,VEGF‐C in colorectal cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissue and normal colorectal tissues (χ2 =32 .270 ,P=0 .000;χ2 =41 .209 ,P=0 .000) ,the positive rate of Claudin‐1 ,VEGF‐C in paracancerous cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal colorectal tissues (χ2 =7 .294 ,P=0 .007 ;χ2 = 5 .741 ,P=0 .017) .The expression of colorectal carcinoma Claudin‐1 had close relationship with differentiation ,invasion degree ,TNM stage ,lymph node metastasis(P<0 .05) ,the expression of VEGF‐C had colse relatons with infiltration degress ,TNM stage ,lymph node metastasis ,tumor size(P<0 .05) .The expression of colorectal cancer Claudin‐1 ,VEGF‐C had significantly positive correlation (χ2 =10 .953 ,P= 0 .001 ,r=0 .468) .Conclusion The expression of colorectal cancer Claudin‐1 ,VEGF‐C was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tis‐sue and normal colorectal tissue ,the expression of Claudin‐1 ,VEGF‐C had a certain relationship with clinical staging .

Objective:To evaluate the usefulness of fast FLAIR pulse sequence in the MRI of intraspinal canal disease.Methods:Forty-four patients with suspected intraspinal canal disease were imaged with fast FLAIR pulse sequence after routine T1 and T2 weighted imaging in a 0.5 T superconducting MR scaner.The parameters of FLAIR were TR/TI/TE=6000/1500～2000/90～120 ms.Results:There were 26 intraspinal extramedullary tumors,4 intramedullary tumors,11 myelitis,3 localized ischemic necrosis or malacia of spinal cord.The images of FLAIR pulse sequence clearly detected all lesions of the 44 cases.They were superior to routine T2 weighted images in demonstrating the extent of the lesions and their T2 signal character,expecially in inflammatory disease of spinal cord.Conclusion:FLARI is a very useful pulse sequence in the MRI of intraspinal canal disease,it may be use as an important supplement of routine T2 weighted sequence.

A new method for the determination of organic acids from mainstream cigarette smoke using ultra low temperature solvent extraction-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOF/MS)was established. The mainstream smoke was directly trapped by ethyl ether with ultra low temperature solvent extraction device, and cleaned up with liquid-liquid extraction. The concentrated extracts were further derived by N,O-bis(trimethylsily)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). The good separation of silanized product was achieved by the column set of DB-1 (30 m × 0. 25 mm, 1. 0 μm) as the 1st column and DB-wax (1. 5 m × 0. 1 mm, 0. 1 μm) as the 2nd column with modulation period of 6 s and scan range of m/z 45-450 . The results showed that linearity correlation coefficients were larger than 0 . 99 , and the average recoveries were between 80. 17% and 107. 81% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) in the range of 0 . 4%-12 . 1% ( n=5 ) . The detection limit and the quantitation limit were 1 . 3-24 . 5 μg/kg and 4. 1-77. 1 μg/kg, respectively.

Objective:To understand the supportive care needs of patients with prostate cancer during their illness, so as to construct the supportive care needs intervention program.Methods:Purposive sampling method was used to conduct semi-structured interviews on 17 patients with prostate cancer from June 2019 to January 2020 in Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Affiliated Hospital of Central South University, and the data were analyzed by content analysis method.Results:Seven themes were extracted: the need of health information, the need of social support, the need of health care services, psychological and emotional need, the need of symptom management, the need of economic support and disease specific need.Conclusions:Patients with prostate cancer have multiple supportive care needs. The results of this study could be important reference for medical staff to provide comprehensive, personalized and humanistic care for patients and improve patients′ the quality of life and medical experience.

OBJECTIVETo investigate brazilein's role in energy metabolism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice.

METHODFourty mice were randomly divided into the sham group, ischemia group, brazilein 5 mg x kg(-1) group and brazilein 10 mg x kg(-1) group, each with ten cases. Cerebral ischemia model was the built. Mice were injected with brazilein three days before the operation, then they were killed. Cerebrum homogenate was prepared for the detecting of ATP, ADP, AMP and lactic acid by HPLC, expressions of MCT1 and MCT2 in mRNA level by RT-PCR.

RESULTThe lactic acid in cerebrum increased sharply 20 minutes after cerebral ischemia and decreased 1 hour after reperfusion, then returned to the normal level 24 hours after reperfusion. The charge of energy decreased significantly at the beginning of the ischemia-reperfusion, and the charge restored 1 hour after reperfusion though it was still much lower than the normal level at the time point of 24 hours. Moreover, MCT1 and MCT2 upregulated accompanied with the increase of lactate, MCT2 mRNA enhanced in brazilein 5 mg x kg(-1) group (P < 0.05) while both the two factors increased in brazilein 10 mg x kg(-1) group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONBrazilein might protect neurons by changing the charge of energy.

Animals ; Benzopyrans ; administration & dosage ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Energy Metabolism ; drug effects ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Humans ; Indenes ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Symporters ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective:To study the effect of atractylodes lactideⅠ,Ⅱand Ⅲ on the expression of cytokines by inducing M1 type macrophage model. Methods:Apoptotic macrophages were induced by sodium thioglycolate, and then the rat peritoneal inflammatory macrophages were purified by a differential adherence method. The expression of macrophage marker antigen (ED1) was identified by flow cytometry macrophages. Tumor necrosis factor ( TNF-α) , proinflammatory cytokines ( IL-1β) and interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) were measured by ELISA in vitro. The levels of expression of arginase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β) chemokine (CCL22) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) in inflammatory macrophages were determined by RT-PCR. Results:As for the purification of cultured rat inflammatory macrophage expressing ED1, atractylenolideⅠand Ⅲ could reduce the ex-pression levels of iNOS and IL-1βand increase the expression levels of arginase1 CCL22 and TGF-β. The release of inflammatory fac-tor IL-1β decreased, and the release levels of TGF-β and chemokines CCL22 were promoted(P<0. 05). Atropine lactoneⅠ and Ⅲ had significant inhibitory effects on TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in macrophages(P<0. 05). Conclusion: Atractylodes lactone Ⅰand Ⅲ with anti-inflammatory activity can promote the expression of cytokines in inflammatory macrophages, while the change induced by at-ractylaxanthin Ⅱ is not obvious.

Objective:To investigate the uncertainty level of caregivers of children with imperforate anus, and determine the influence factors.Methods:Two hundred and twenty-nine caregivers were enrolled from three tertiary children′s hospital in Eastern China. The caregivers completed the Perception of Uncertainty Scale, Parent Stigma Scale and Social Support Scale. The demographic information of caregivers and affected children were also collected during the survey.Results:The average score of uncertainty of caregivers was (72.58±14.06) points, and multiple analysis showed that education level, the acceptance level of disease, social support and stigma were independent determinants of uncertainty ( P<0.01), and these factors could account for 26.9% of the variance. Conclusions:The caregivers of children with imperforate anus experience a high level of uncertainty, especially those with low education level, share low acceptance level of disease, receive low social support and experience higher level of stigma.

Objective:To analyze and summarize the clinical and genetic features of Noonan syndrome (NS) caused by mutations in the leucine zipper-like transcription regulator 1 ( LZTR1) gene. Methods:The retrospective study analyzed a patient who was examined at the Center of Prenatal and Hereditary Disease Diagnosis, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University in January 2021 because of fetal nuchal translucency thickening and a previous history of problematic pregnancies. Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed with Noonan syndrome (NS) through whole exome sequencing. Using keywords such as "Noonan syndrome," "Leucine zipper-like transcription regulator 1", and " LZTR1", clinical and genetic characteristics of NS derived from LZTR1 mutations were summarized by extracting relevant literature from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Yiigle, PubMed and Web of Science, covering from January 2013 to October 2022. Descriptive analysis was applied to the data. Results:(1) Case report: WES and Sanger sequencing showed the existence of the biallelic variants of LZTR1 gene c.842C>T and c.2248G>A in the fetus (Ⅱ-3) and the proband (Ⅱ-2) that inherited from the father and the mother, respectively. Based on the typical special facial appearance and short stature in the proband indicative of NS, the fetus and the proband were diagnosed with autosomal recessive inheritance (AR) NS. The pregnant woman terminated her pregnancy at 22 weeks due to severe edema of the fetus. At the age of three, the proband exhibited typical craniofacial features and short stature characteristics of NS when presented to our hospital. The proband received regular follow-ups in the pediatrics department of other hospitals, where recombinant human growth hormone was used to improve his height. He attended kindergarten at age four and can communicate and play with other children normally. (2) Literature review: 95 cases of NS associated with LZTR1 mutations have been retrieved and included. When including the fetus and the proband of this case, the total reached 97 cases, involving 79 different mutation sites. Forty-three cases (44.3%) were AR, and 54 (55.7%) were autosomal dominant inheritance (AD). Missense mutation was the most prevalent type of mutation, whereas nonsense mutation and frameshift mutation were more common in biallelic variants. Across all cases, the clinical manifestations encompassed multiple systems, primarily characterized by craniofacial dysmorphia, skeletal deformities, heart defects, and short stature. Developmental delay, learning disabilities, and mental retardation of varying degrees may accompany these symptoms. Eighteen cases described antenatal phenotypes, with 16 of them reporting biallelic AR variants. Ultrasound findings of 18 prenatal cases revealed 11 cases of fetal NT thickening, seven cases of cystic hygroma, four cases of fetal pericardium or pleural effusion, two cases of severe fetal edema, and 11 cases of cardiovascular defects. Conclusions:NS induced by LZTR1 mutations is an autosomal dominant or recessive inherited genetic syndrome with a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes. The severity of the disease varies among children with the same genotype. NS should be considered when prenatal ultrasound indicates nonspecific manifestations, such as fetal NT thickening, cervical lymphatic hydrops, polyhydramnios, fetal edema, and congenital heart defects. Prenatal identification is crucial for evaluating the prognosis of children and assisting families in making clinical decisions.