OBJECTIVE:To determine the content of ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in hemp by GC-MS. METHODS: HP-5 quartz capillary column was used. The temperature programming was as follows: the initial temperature was kept at 200 ℃ for 1 min, then raised to 270 ℃ at the rate of 3 ℃?min-1 and kept for 10 min; the injector temperature was 280 ℃and the detector temperature was 290 ℃. RESULTS: The good linearity between peak area and concentration was obtained over the range of 5.0 ～45.0 ?g?mL-1 (r=0.998 7). The lowest detectable limit was 1.0 ?g?mL-1(S/N=5).The average recovery rate was 81.1% (RSD=3.8%,n=9). CONCLUSION: The procedure is simple, accurate and reproducible, and suitable for the quality control of hemp preparation.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of TCM injections. METHODS:Among the inpatients who used TCM injections in 4 hospitals of Shanghai Jiading district in 2013,100 cases were collected by systematic sampling in each hospital separately, and the data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS:The varieties and amount of TCM injections for blood-activating and stasis-resolving both occupied the first place. 22% inpatients used two or more TCM injections at the same time. The proportion of overdose use of TCM injections reached 54.55%. The type of unreasonable drug use mainly included drug use against differentiation of syndromes,super indications drugs and solvent error. Combined use of TCM injections with same ef-fect accounted for 20.45% of combined use of TCM injections. CONCLUSIONS:It is effective means to improve rational drug use that great impertance paid for clinical use of TCM injections.

Objective To investigate the association of serum leptin (LEP) levels during the first postpartum year with the occurrence of postpartum thyroiditis (PPT).Methods Fifty-seven PPT patients consisted of 34 with overt PPT and 23 subclinical PPT.37 healthy postpartum women were used as controls.Serum samples were obtained at 4 postpartum date points,i.e.3-days and 3,6,12-months postpartum.LEP level was determined by radioimmunoassav.Results Compared with control women,PPT patients were maintaining significantly higher levels of LEP and LEP/body mass index (BMI) ratio during the first postpartum year.There was no significant difference in serum LEP level or LEP/BMI ratio between overt PPT and subclinical PPT groups.In PPT patients,LEP and LEP/BMI ratio were negatively correlated with serum TSH,and positively correlated with serum FT4 and FT3.Conclusion Sustained high levels of serum LEP after delivery may favor the occurrence of PPT.Further studies are needed to clarify the specific role played by LEP in PPT.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of aminoguanidine and vitamin C on serum laminin of rats with diabetic nephropathy model. METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetes model group, vitamin C group,aminoguanidine group,vitamin C plus aminogucinidine group. The diabetes model(Type 1) was established in all groups except the normal control group by injecting them intraperitoneally with streptozotocin, after which, they were treated with the corresponding drugs for 16 weeks. During and after the treatment, the general state, blood gloucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum laminin, urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and the 24-hours urinary albumin excretion rate of each group were observed and determined. RESULTS: The serum laminin levels increased and diabetic nephropathy occurred in all the 4 groups after being modelled. Aminoguanidine group, vitamin C had no effect on blood glucose level, while they could improve the basic condition and the combination of the two could significantly decrease serum levels of laminin, urea nitrogen, creatinine and the 24-hours urinary albumin excretion rate. CONCLUSION: Aminogucinidine and vitamin C couldn't decrease the blood sugar level but the combination of which has a synergistic action to decrease serum laminin level while preventing renal function.

The present study aims to investigate the impact of hydrogen-rich water on the lactic acid level in metformin-treated diabetic rats under hypoxia. Thirty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, including normal diet group, and diabetes model (DM) group, DM + metformin treatment (DMM) group, DMM + hypoxia treatment (DMMH) group and DMMH + hydrogenrich water (DMMHR) group. We found that the levels of lactic acid, pyruvate and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly lower in the blood of DMMHR group than DMMH group. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels in liver and heart were significantly higher in DMMH group after hydrogen-rich water treatment, while malondialdehyde and oxidized glutathione levels were decreased in DMMHR group when compared with DMMH group, which indicates that hydrogen-rich water could reduce oxidative stress. qPCR analysis demonstrated that that pro-apoptotic genes Bax/Caspase-3 were upregulated in DM group and metformin treatment suppressed their upregulation (DMM group). However, hypoxic condition reversed the effect of metformin on apoptotic gene expression, and hydrogen-rich water showed little effect on these genes under hypoxia. HE staining showed that hydrogen-rich water prevented myocardial fiber damages under hypoxia. In summary, we conclude that hydrogen-rich water could prevent lactate accumulation and reduce oxidant stress in diabetic rat model to prevent hypoxia-induced damages. It could be served as a potential agent for diabetes patients with metformin treatment to prevent lactic acidosis and reduce myocardial damages under hypoxic conditions.

Objective To study the effect of maternal subclinical thyroid abnormalities [including subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroxinemia and positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) with normal thyroid function] in women during 16-20 weeks of gestation on offspfing's intellectual development and motor function. Methods Sera from 1 268 women during 16-20 weeks of gestation (collected 2 years ago) were obtained and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4) and TPOAb levels were measured. Pregnant specific thyroid function reference ranges were used to screen for subclinical hypothyroidism (18 cases), hypothyroxinemia (19 cases) and positive TPOAb (34 cases). From the same cohort, a total of 142 pregnant women who were euthyroid with negative TPOAb were selected as controls (a case: control ratio of 1 : 2). Intellectual and motor development score evaluations were performed in their children at 25-30 months of age. Results In the group of pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism, the offspring' s intelligence score was (109.89±13.81) points, which was 8.88 points lower than in the control group (P < 0.01). Similarly, the motor score of the offspring was (108.11±9.93) points, which was 9.98 points lower than in the control group (P < 0.01). In the pregnant women with hypothyroxinemia, the offspring's intelligence score was (112.32±15.10) points, 9.30 points lower than in the control group (P <0.01); the motor score was (112.21±12.26) points, 7.57 points lower than in the control group (P < 0.01). In the pregnant women with positive TPOAb and euthyroid function, the offspring's intelligence score was (112.70±20.64) points, 10.56 points lower than in the control group (P < 0.01); the motor score was (110.64±12.49) points, 9.03 points lower than in the control group (P < 0.01). Conclusion Maternal subclinical thyroid abnormality between 16-20 weeks of gestation adversely may affect offspring intellectual and motor development, suggesting the necessity for screening and treatment of maternal subclinical thyroid abnormality in the early stages of pregnancy.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of hand tenosynovitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods:Seventy-six RA patients were enrolled for hands ultrasound examination. Forty-five RA patients with synovitis and tenosynovitis were selected as the study group, clinical characteristics, laboratory test results, disease activity score for 28 joint counts (DAS28), were evaluated and assessed, and the health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) was filled out, and semi-quantitative classification the ultrasonic indicators (synovial hyperplasia, synovitis, tenosynovitis, bone erosion) were also assessed. Forty-two non-RA patients with hand tenosynovitis were selected as the control group. Mann-whitney U test, Spearman correlation and paired U test were used for statistical analysis. Results:① In the RA group, synovial hyperplasia [7.50(3.00, 17.50)], synovitis [6.00(2.00, 14.00)], tenosynovitis [6.00(2.00, 12.00)], bone erosion [0.50(0.00, 4.00)] were statisticantly different when compared with in non-RA group in hyperplasia [5.00(3.00, 6.00)], synovitis [3.00(2.00, 4.30)], tenosynovitis [2.00(1.00, 3.00)], bone erosion [0.00(0.00, 1.00)] ( Z=2.143, P=0.032; Z=2.756, P=0.006; Z=5.560, P<0.01; Z=2.550, P=0.011). ② In the RA group, synovial hyperplasia and synovitis were positively correlated with swollen joint counts (SJC), tender joint counts (TJC), platelet (PLT), C-reactive pro-tein (CRP) and DAS28 [synovial hyperplasia ( r=0.806, P<0.01; r=0.486, P<0.01; r=0.326, P<0.05; r=0.450, P<0.01; r=0.413, P<0.01); and synovitis ( r=0.819, P<0.01; r=0.446, P<0.01; r=0.351, P<0.05; r=0.481, P<0.01; r=0.412, P<0.01)]. Tenosynovitis was positively correlated with SJC, CRP and DAS28 ( r=0.436, P<0.01; r=0.496, P<0.05; r=0.359, P<0.05) , bone erosion was positively correlated with disease course and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody ( r=0.418, P<0.01; r=0.338, P<0.05) . ③ The sensitivity of synovial hyperplasia, synovitis, tenosynovitis, bone erosion and synovitis combined with tenosynovitis for the diagnosis of RA was 0.41, 0.61, 0.57, 0.48, 0.61 and the specificity was 0.95, 0.76, 1, 0.83, 0.93, respectively. ④ The largest area under the ROC curve was tenosynovitis [area under the curve (AUC)=0.841], the area under the curve of tenosynovitis and synovitis combined with tenosynovitis was significantly different from synovitis hyperplasia, synovitis and bone erosion [tenosynovitis( Z=3.291, P=0.001; Z=2.651, P=0.008; Z=3.032, P=0.002); synovitis combined with tenosynovitis( Z=4.346, P=0.001; Z=3.753, P=0.001; Z=2.547, P=0.012)]. Conclusion:Synovitis has a high sensitivity for the diagnosis of RA, and tenosynovitis has a high specificity for the diagnosis of RA, synovitis combined with tenosynovitis can improve the specificity for the diagnosis of RA.