Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of CT and MRI in spinal trauma.Methods 41 cases of spinal trauma in patients with spinal CT scan and MRI image data were retrospectively analyzed and compared.Results MRI examination revealed 41 cases of spinal fractures,CT showed 38 cases of fracture; MRI examination revealed 10 cases of bone contusion,CT scan found 1 case of bone contusion;MRI examination revealed 15 cases of anterior longitudinal ligament injury,12 cases occurred posterior longitudinal ligament injury,CT scan found that the anterior longitudinal ligament and posterior longitudinal ligament injury of 2 cases of MRI detection rate was significantly higher than CT(P ＜ 0.05).120 bone chips CT findings,MRI examination revealed 83 cases of bone chips,the difference was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion CT and MRI of spinal trauma are two commonlyways of imaging examination.There are advantages and disadvantages of CT examination of the bone chips shift and so can be clearly shown MRI for ligament injury.Bone contusion can be clearly demonstrated for the general compression fractures in MRI examination.Commimcted fracture should be added to do a CT scan.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors of myasthenic crisis after thymectomy for myasthenia gravis.Methods Meta-analysis was performed to screen risk factors of myasthenic crisis after thymectomy for myasthenia gravis based on 21 associated articles published and carried out using Stata12.0.Results Twenty one studies were identified, including 3 092 patients and 698 patients developed myasthenic crisis after thymectomy.Complicated with thymoma(OR =3.93, 95％ CI 2.37-6.50, P =0.000), Ossermen classification (OR =0.12, 95 ％ CI 0.09-0.17 , P =0.000) , history of preoperative myasthenic crisis (OR =5.36, 95 ％ CI 3.82-7.51, P =0.000) , use steroid hormonea (OR =1.75,95 ％ CI 1.26-2.43, P =0.001) , postopertive lung infection(OR =4.27,95％ CI 1.63-11.18, P =0.003) , operation methods(OR =0.34,95％ CI 0.21-0.56, P =0.000) , the dose of preoperative anticholinesterase drags (OR =0.35, 95 ％ CI 0.18-0.66, P =0.000) ,pulmonary function(OR =0.18, 95％ CI 0.06-0.57, P =0.004), preoperative serum level of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody(OR =0.06, 95％ CI0.03-0.13, P =0.000)were associated with myasthenic crisis after thymectomy.Gender, course of disease were not associated with myasthenic crisis after thymectomy.Conclusion With thymoma, Ossermen classification, history of preoperative myasthenic crisis, use steroid hormonea, operation methods, the high dose of preoperative anticholinesterase drugs, poor pulmonary function, postopertive lung infection, high preoperative serum level of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody are risk factors affecting myasthenic crisis after thymectomy.

Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease(CKD) worldwide,and its rising prevalence may explain much of the increase in the incidence of kidney failure.Even when DM is not the cause of kidney disease,the coexistence of CKD and DM presents unique problems that need to be recognized and managed appropriately to optimize the outcomes.The objective of this article is to outline the management of glycemia in patients with DM of stage Ⅳ-Ⅴ and CKD ≥ stage Ⅲ,followed by a review of the appropriate use of available hypoglycemic agents for such patients,with an emphasis on the newer classes of the agents.

Apolipoprotein E is an important regulation factor in lipids metabolism. It has been accepted that apolipoprotein E is relevant to many diseases such as Alzheimer′s disease and coronary heart diseases. And increasing study has revealed that apoE gene polymorphism is associated with some kidney diseases. We reviewed the progress of influences of apoE gene polymorphism on renal diseases.

The qualitative and quantitative analyses of oleanolic acid in the processed products of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi and the comparative study of its protection action for liver have been carried out. As a result,the product steamed with wine showed the highest oleanolic acid content. Its action of depressing glutamic pyruvic transaminase was also the strongest. These studies provide a base of rational clinical application of the medicine.

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is an important form in integrated renal replace treatment.Malnutrition is still a problem to be resolved in CAPD. A number of investigations showed the effects of amino aicd peritoneal dialysate in malnutrition CAPD patients had benefit effects on improving nutrition status.The results of clinical progress of amino acid peritoneal dialysate used in peritoneal dialysis were reviewed.

BACKGROUND: High incidence rate in the morning and low incidence rate in the evening is the regularity of stroke; however, there are no clear reports on changes of concentration of plasma endothelins and its relationship with onset of cerebral thrombus.OBJECTIVE: To investigate dynamic regularity of plasma endothelins in patients with acute cerebral thrombus within 24 hours and its correlation with episode.DESIGN: Case-controlled study.SETTING: Center of Radio-immunology and Department of Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 32 patients with cerebral thrombus were selected from Neurological Department of Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University from January 2002 to January 2003. There were 20males and 12 females with mean age of (61.5±4.1) years. Ten patients had history of diabetes mellitus combined with hypertension, 8 had history of hypertension, 1 had history of diabetes mellitus, and 13 did not have history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Another 30 healthy subjects were selected from the same hospital including 13 males and 17 females with the mean age of (58.1±6.25) years. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects.METHODS: Radio-immune analysis was used to determine the dynamic changes of plasma-endothelins level in 32 patients with cerebral thrombus and 20 healthy subjects at 2, 8, 14 and 20 o'clock.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Plasma-endothelins level of patients in cerebral thrombus group and control group at the four time points within 24 hours; ② Plasma-endothelins level of patients with or without cerebral thrombus at the four time points within 24 hours.RESULTS: Totally 32 patients with cerebral thrombus and 30 subjects in control group entered the final analysis. ① Plasma-endothelins level in cerebral thrombus group day and night was higher than that in the control group (t=29.1-30.5, P ＜ 0.001). The level was the lowest [(69.96±3.92) ng/L] at 2 o'clock within 24 hours but the highest at 8 o'clock [(78.55±3.80) ng/L,(t=5.67, P ＜ 0.01)]. ② Levels of endothelins in patients with history of hypertension and cerebral thrombus were obviously higher than those in patients without history of hypertension and cerebral thrombus at 2, 8, 14 and 20 o 'clock within 24 hours [(73.28±7.89), (64.52±5.29) ng/L; (82.39±8.62),(75.81±5.14) ng/L; (81.39±8.62), (70.32±5.97) ng/L; (82.47±5.04),(65.27±5.14) ng/L, (t=2.11-5.17, P ＜ 0.05-0.01)].CONCLUSION: Plasma-endothelins level in patients with acute cerebral thrombus has rhythm changes within 24 hours. The changes are high in the morning and low in the evening, and this is accorded with high onset of cerebral thrombus in the morning.

BACKGROUND:The stress changes of bone are the main simulation sources for bone remodeling. At present, the research on the relationship between stress and bone remodeling focuses on the effect of axial stress on bone remodeling, while the research on bone remodeling under bending force is rare.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the bone remodeling of rabbit tibia diaphysis cortical bone in growth phase under bending force.
METHODS:A bone window with the diameter of 2.5 mm was made 0.5 cm from the medial distal epiphyseal line of rabbit proximal left tibia, and then ice saline was used to cool the tibia and memory al oy film. After cooling, the memory al oy stripe was straightened and implanted into the tibial bone marrow cavity through the bone window. The direction of memory al oy stripe implantation:two ends of the memory al oy stripe arrived to the lateral cortex after rewarming, and the curve apex arrived to the medial cortical bone, fol owed by the sutured wound. The continuous internal bending force was loaded on the rabbit tibia diaphysis through the shape memory al oy stripe implanted into the tibial bone marrow cavity in order to observe the bone remodeling mode of tibia diaphysis cortical bone under long-term bending force.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 6 months continuous bending force, the thickness of cortical bone on the tension stress side of tibia diaphysis was decreased, while the thickness on the compressive stress side was increased, and no obvious bending deformation was observed. The thickness of the cortical bone on the compressive stress side was associated with the stress distribution on tibia. The tibia with integrity structure exhibited an inherent“resistance”to the bending stress, this indicating that the bone shaft of the long bone without fracture had no potential of force line correction basical y. The results suggested that the bone remodeling model of tibia diaphysis cortical bone had the advantages of less trauma, control ed force, less influence on the growth and metabolism, no limitation on the animal activities and meet the physiological state, which was an ideal model of bone remodeling.

Object To observe the effects of rehmaionoside A on mice leukopenia models induced by cyclophosphamide. Methods Mice leukopenia models were prepared by ip cyclophosphamide and then treated with rehmaionoside A. The levels of body weight, peripheral hemogram, reticulocyte count, spleen index, bone marrow karyocyte count and contents of bone marrow DNA were determined. Results Rehmaionoside A could obviously raise the counts of white blood cell, red blood cell, platelet, reticulocyte and bone marrow karyocyte, contents of bone marrow DNA, and body weight of the leukopenia model. Conclusion Rehmaionoside A has apparent leukogenic and antianemic actions.

Objective To establish an appropriate animal model of brain metastases from lung cancer in nude mice by thoracic orthotopic implantation in the chest or left ventricular injection , and to serve further studies on the mechanisms of lung cancer brain metastasis .Methods PC-9 cells (1 ×106/0.1 mL) in logarithmic phase were respectively injected into 18 nude mice by orthotopic implantation in the chest or left ventricular injection ( n=9 each group ) .The statuses of nude mice were observed after implantation .Animals showing clear signs of dyscrasia were killed .At autopsy, the lung, brain, liver and kidney were removed and histological sections were stained with H /E to detect the presence of tumor cells . Results In the thoracic orthotopic implantation group , three weeks after implantation , the number 4, 6, 9 mice showed tumor nodules in the chest wall , they began to lose weight in the fourth to sixth week differently , showing signs of dyscrasia gradually , and were sacrificed at the fifth to seventh week .The thoracotomy revealed that the whole thorax was occupied by many large lung cancer masses , spreading into bilateral ribs , pleura and spinal vertebra , with scarce eroded , compressed , pale and distorted lung tissues left .Histological examination with HE staining showed the presence of neoplasms in their lung tissues but only the number 6 mouse showed metastatic lesions in the brain tissue .In the left ventricular injection group, the mice almost began to lose weight in the third week simultaneously and became moribund slowly , which were all sacrificed at the fourth week .After thoracotomy , the thoraxes were clear except the number 11 and 18 mice which appeared 2-3 tiny tumor foci in the chest wall , with normal lung tissues .Histological examination with HE staining showed the pres-ence of brain metastases in all the nine mice .The rate of brain metastases from lung cancer in the left ventricular injection group was 100%, compared with 11.1% in the thoracic orthotopic implantation group .Conclusions The establishment method of mouse model by left ventricular injection shows significantly higher rate of lung cancer brain metastases than that by thoracic orthotopic implantation .