The esophageal-gastric junction adenocarcinoma (AEG) is neither completely equivalent to esophageal squamous carcinoma, but also different from the distal gastric adenocarcinoma. This article begins from the concept and classification of AEG, reviews the diagnosis and treatment status of advanced AEG, and explores the molecular classification of gastric adenocarcinoma and AEG, and looks ahead the future of diagnosis and treatment of AEG according to molecular classification.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the content of volatile oil and saikosaponins in Radix Bupleuri collected in different harvesting seasons.METHODS:Volatile oil was extracted from Radix Bupleuri by using volatile oil extractor; the content of sai-kosaponins in Radix Bupleuri harvested in different seasons were determined by visible spectrophotometry taking saikosaponin a as index.RESULTS:The content of volatile oil was the highest in Radix Bupleuri harvested in July but the lowest in November;the content of saikosaponins was the highest when harvested in May and the lowest in September. CONCLUSION:The method is simple and rapid,and it provides scientific basis for the establishment of the best harvesting season of Radix Bupleuri.

ObjectiveTo observe the infection of continuous aspiration of subglottic secretion(CASS) for patients with ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP).MethodsOne hundred and fifty VAPpatients under mechanical ventilation whose basical information were recorded were divided into two groupsby random digits table method:control group(70 cases) and CASS group(80 cases).Conventional VAPprevention was taken in control group and CASS group,while CASS therapy was added to CASS group.ResultsSex,age,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ score,recent antibiotics usage,airpressure,time in ICU,hospital stay and mortality rate of two groups had no statistical significance(P ＞0.05 ).The time of ventilator treatment of CASS group was obviously shorter than that of control group [ (5.2 ±1.4) d vs.(7.8 ± 1.2) d,P =0.02 ],and VAP incidence was lower than that of control group [ 22.5％ (18/80)vs.32.9％(23/70),P =0.04 ].ConclusionCASS could reduce the incidence of VAP and short the time ofventilator treatment.

The introduction of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy represents a landmark in the management of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD).However,as a new therapy,several problems such as durability of the therapeutic effects,medication side effects,and medication selection have emerged.We should make appoint of improving the therapeutic effect and safety by realizing the limitation of the therapy,monitoring the clinical potential adverse reactions of anti-VEGF agents,and recommending individualized treatment.

The etiological factors and pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are still unclear,which restricted its effective prevention and treatment.The current animal model widely used in ROP investigation is oxygen-induced retinopathy model,which is lack of specificity,and does not mimic the real pathogenesis status of human ROP patients.Thus,we should refresh our concept,seek breakthroughs in multi-disciplines,integrate more risk factors of ROP,utilize the rising technique in transgenic animal,and improve the evaluation system for improving the current models or explore new animal models of ROP.It is important for prevention and treatment of ROP.

Pingyangmycin was produced by Pingyangnesin sp No. 74 which was isolated from mud at Pingyang, Zhejiang China. The structure and properties of Pingyangmycin are the same as those of bleomycin A-g. Pingyangtnycin-induced cellular DNA breakage was observed in this experiment. DNA breakage in vitro was found by agarose gel electrophoresis and UV fluoresene photography after ethidium bromide staining 0. 5ug cellular DNA incubated with a series of drug concentrations for 2h and with a series of drug exposure times at a dose of 200 ug/ml. The mininal concentration and exposure time of DNA breakage is 5 ug/ml and 10 min. DNA molecule was observed under electron microscope with basic protein mounting technique. The natural spiral DNA long strand (X =5.95 um+1.95)was cut down into short DNA fragments ("X =0.75 n.m+0.24)by 10 ug/ml drug for 2h_ The length of untreated DNA is significantly longer than that of the drug treated one(P

Choroidal neovascularization(CNV)is one of common causes of vision loss.The pathogenesis and development of CNV are a comprehensive process which is regulated by multiple factors and cytokines.Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)is an inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase and rate limiting enzyme in the prostaglandin biosynthesis pathway.COX-2 plays an important role in neovascularization by modulating vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),migration and apoptosis of endothelial cell.Recently,some experimental studies demonstrated that COX-2 involves in the information of CNV and the inhibitor of COX-2 can suppress CNV.These results provide a new prospect for the prevention and treatment of the CNV.Biological characteristics of COX-2 and its relationship with CNV are reviewed in this article.

Apolipoprotein E is an important regulation factor in lipids metabolism. It has been accepted that apolipoprotein E is relevant to many diseases such as Alzheimer′s disease and coronary heart diseases. And increasing study has revealed that apoE gene polymorphism is associated with some kidney diseases. We reviewed the progress of influences of apoE gene polymorphism on renal diseases.

Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease(CKD) worldwide,and its rising prevalence may explain much of the increase in the incidence of kidney failure.Even when DM is not the cause of kidney disease,the coexistence of CKD and DM presents unique problems that need to be recognized and managed appropriately to optimize the outcomes.The objective of this article is to outline the management of glycemia in patients with DM of stage Ⅳ-Ⅴ and CKD ≥ stage Ⅲ,followed by a review of the appropriate use of available hypoglycemic agents for such patients,with an emphasis on the newer classes of the agents.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of tegafur combined with apatinib mesylate in treatment of advanced gastric cancer.Methods:The databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI and WanFang data were searched by computer, and the relevant randomized controlled trials were searched. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to May 2018. After literatures were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data were extracted and the quality of the included studies were evaluated, meta analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:There were 7 studies included in total. Tegafur combined with apatinib mesylate could achieve higher complete remission rate ( RR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.04-3.86, P = 0.04), partial remission rate ( RR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.01-2.03, P = 0.04), and lower inefficiencies rate ( RR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.07-1.53, P = 0.008), but the incidence of adverse reactions such as hypertension was also increased. Conclusion:Tegafur combined with apatinib mesylate in treatment of advanced gastric cancer can achieve better clinical efficacy, but at the same time it can increase the incidence of adverse reactions.