This report deals with the brain and spinal cord of a porencephalic nursling of 8months. Intermittent serial colloidin sections were cut and stained by Nissl and Weiltechniques. The left cerebral hemisphere is smaller with deeper sulci and narrower gyri. Theinsular lobe is non-existent; and the frontal parietal and temporal opercula are all miss-ing. A cavity underlies this region and communicates with the lateral ventricle beingcovered Iaterally by a thickened membrane about 4?0.8 cm in area. Most of the front-al, parietal and temporal lobes and the whole occipital lobe are present. The left pyramidal tract is undeveloped. Compensatory hypertrophy is shown byvarious central structures such as the right pyramidal tract (together with the aberrantpyramidal bundles), and the extrapyramidal gray masses-lenticular, caudate and sub-thalamic nuclei and substantia nigra. In the cerebellar system, the brachium conjunc-tivum on the left side and the red nucleus and the inferior olivary nucleus on the rightare over-developed. Other hypertrophied structures include the left gracile and cuneatenuclei, the right lemniscus medialis, together with the anterior funiculus, posterior hornand the nucleus dorsalis in the right half of the spinal cord. The postnatal heightened use of bodily organs naturally induces an over-developmentof, besides others, the central structure. With a short life-span and retarded develop-ment, the present case had a too limited activity to influence the size of its central or-gans. Moreover, a number of central nuclear masses manifest a compensatory enlarge-ment, thus indicating a heightened mitotic activity of the nerve cells in the embryonicperiod. This hypertrophy is, them, largely prenatal. The current theories of compensation such as self-regulation, substitution and trans-fer of functions, are not explanatory and, thus, unsatisfactory. Behind such concepts,there shou1d exist a more fundamental and yet unspecified factor of growth. The pre-sent study has demonstrated more facts of compensatory development than the previousauthors. As to the theories of compensation, it is better to reserve a definite judgement.

The present advantage and disadvantage or problems of basic medical sciences elective courses in college and university are analyzed and indicated.Meanwhile,the experience of teaching optional course of the clinical applied anatomy of heart has been presented,including reforming teaching method,combining the anatomical theory with the clinical specialty,especially boosting the interesting in the course and medical research,encouraging students to do more dissection and culturing their competence in learning and following closely the trends of medical science and technology development.The new teaching style received a better teaching effect and improved the teaching quality. The significance that the teachers should pay more attention to practice training in their teaching students of optional courses has been positively emphasized.

Objective To study the factors such as artificial abortion frequency, pregnancy time and so on on development of adeno-myosis (AM). Methods A retrospective analysis was carried in 462 patients who were from the department of gynaecology and obstetrics in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University and Beijing Aviation Center Hospital from January 2004 to December 2008. The patients were divided into two groups: AM and no - AM. The two groups were compared for abortion frequency, pregnancy time, age, menarche age and so on. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, menarche age, age of the first artificial abor-tion, bearing frequency, IUD with pregnancy and so on(P > 0.05). The proportion of patients with repeated artificial abortion or history of curettage of uterus in AM group was higher than that in the no - AM group. The patients with pregnaney time more than 8 weeks who re-ceived artificial abortion had higher rate of development of AM. Conclusion Repeated artificial abortion, pregnancy time and history of curettage of uterus were the risk factors of development of adenomyosis.

Objective To understand the iodine nutrition of children in Qiandongnan and to provide the scientific evidence for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Methods The 3200 urinary samples of pupils aged 8-10 were collected from 80 primary schools in 16 county and city in Qiandongnan in 2006. The urinary iodine content was tested by colorimetric ceric-arsenic assay and vitriolic ammonium assimilation. Results The median of urinary iodine content in children samples was 362.9?g/L, the percentage of urinary iodine( ≥100?g/L) was 98.00%, in which ≥300?g/L was 65.31%, the percentage of urinary iodine(

Clinical symptoms,multi screeming characters and pathological features of 15 cases of FNH were analysed retrospectively.11 cases were treated by operation.The results showed that three quarters(12/15) of the patients were male.Only one third(5/15) of the patients were diagnosed as FNH according to multi screeming of B US,CT and MRI.There were no complications for the 11 cases after operation.The results indicated it is difficult to diagnose FNH only by multi screeming methods.Operation is the best option for the treatment of FNH.

0.05).The proportion of patients with repeated artificial abortion or history of curettage of uterus in AM group was higher than that in the no-AM group.The patients with pregnancy time more than 8 weeks who received artificial abortion had higher rate of development of AM.Conclusion Repeated artificial abortion,pregnancy time and history of curettage of uterus were the risk factors of development of adenomyosis.

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) is a new surgical management which brings hopes of cure to patients with primary or metastatic liver tumor who do not have sufficient future liver remnant (FLR).This review summarizes the current research on the development,indication,surgical procedures and safety of ALPPS.It also discusses the major concerns and unanswered doubts of ALPPS,such as the comparison with selective portal vein embolization (PVE) and the long-term oncological progression.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) on endometrial cancer cell.Methods In vitro experiments of 5-Aza-CdR were done using human endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1B.Evaluation of cellular proliferation and apoptosis was ascertained respectively using trypan blue exclusion and flow cytometry.RT-PCR and methylation specific PCR(MSP) was done to detect the expression of RASSF1 A mRNA and methylation status of RASSF1 A promoter of HEC-1B cell line.Results (1) The status of cellular growth and apeptosis of HEC-1 B cell line:the growth inhibition effects of 5-Aza-CdR on HEC-1B cell line were both concentration-dependent (P ＜ 0.01) and time-dependent(P ＜0.01),as well as the apoptosis rate of HBC-1-B cell line depended on the dose of 5-Aza-CdR obviously(P ＜0.01).(2)The expression of RASSF1A mRNA of HEC-1B cell line:RASSF1A mRNA was expressed in HEC-1B cell after 5-Aza-CdR treatment,but it was undetectable before the treatment.In the groups with different concentration of 5-Aza-CdR (0.05,0.1,1,5,10 nmol/ml),the expression of RASSF1A mRNA was respectively 0.074±0.004,0.105±0.004,0.167±0.006,0.334±0.005,0.484±0.007,which were remarkably different from the group without 5-Aza-CdR(the expression of RASSF1A mRNA was 0;P ＜ 0.01).(3) The hypermethylation of RASSF1A promoter of HEC-1B cell line:the hypermethylation of RASSF1A promoter was detected in HEC-1B cell line.The status of hypermethylation was decreased after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR of 0.05,0.1,1,5 nmol/ml,meanwhile,both methylation bands and demethylation bands were observed by methylation specific PCR.After the treatment with 5-Aza-CdR of 10 nmol/ml the hypermethylation was absent absolutely.Conclusions (1) In HEC-1B cell line,5-Aza-CdR can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apopotosis.(2) 5-Aza-CdR can renew the expression of RASSF1A mRNA of HEC-1B cell line and reverse the hypermethylation of RASSF1A promoter.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of hospital acquired mycotic pneumonia in elderly patients (aged≥ 80 years).Methods The clinical data were reviewed on 64 cases of elderly patients aged 80-93 years with hospital-acquired infection of mycotic pneumonia from June 2007 to July 2011.According to the results of sputum culture,therapy plan was made and antibiotic drugs were selected.Results Among these 64 patients,Candida mycoderma (62.5 ％,40 cases) occupied the first place and C.glabrata (20.3％,13 cases) was the second place (x2 =127.50,P＜0.01).Their chest x-ray or CT films were not characteristic,but lamellar shadows (68.8％,44cases) and cotton-like shadows (40.6 ％,26 cases) were found in the majority.60 cases (93.8 ％ ) of these patients had more than 3 complications,and 58 cases (90.6％) of them took over 2 kinds of antibiotics.The improvement rate of these patients was 81.3％ (52 cases)and mortality rate was 18.8％(12 cases).Conclusions Elderly patients (aged≥ 80 years) with hospital acquired infection of mycotic pneumonia have high incidence and mortality rate.The key point to cure is to make an early diagnosis and treat them as early as possible.

Objective:To evaluate the quality of the current foreign clinical practice guidelines (CPG) on obstetric venous thromboembolism (VTE), providing reference for standardizing the prevention and treatment of domestic VTE clinical practice.Methods:The GPGs for the management of obstetric VTE published abroad from inception to July 2020 were electronically searched. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of the included guidelines in accordance with the internationally recognized guideline evaluation tool, AGREE Ⅱ.Results:A total of 12 guidelines, 2 recommendations and 1 consensus for obstetric VTE were included, covering 3 continents and 9 countries, and the published time span was 2009-2020. The standardized scores of the six domain (scope & purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, clarity of presentation, applicability and editorial independence) included in the guidelines were: 99.44%, 62.78%, 70.35%, 95.74%, 68.80% and 76.94% respectively, and the scores in each domain were ≥ 50.00%, indicating that the included CPGs were of good quality. Except for the domain scope & purpose, the ranges of the other five domains were ≥ 50.00%, suggesting that the quality of the CPGs differed significantly. Among the 15 included CPGs, 4 CPGs were level A (recommended), 11 CPGs were level B (recommended after being revised), and there was no CPG in level C (not recommended). The difference in the recommended content of obstetric VTE management mainly focused on the risk assessment, drug type, dosage and period.Conclusions:The overall quality of the CPGs for obstetric VTE management is high, while the quality of the CPGs varies greatly. In addition, there are differences in the recommended content of obstetric VTE management. More high-quality researches are required to provide evidence-based support for the improvement of the CPGs.