Objective To investigate epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella infection in children with infectious diarrhea in Zhuhai City from 2009 to 2014 .Methods Isolation ,culturing ,biochemical identification and serotyping of Salmonella were carried out in strains isolated from stool specimens of 4 395 children with infectious diarrhea in inpatient and outpatient settings in Zhuhai Municipal Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital from 2009 to 2014 ,and data were statistically analysed .Results A total of 546 strains of Salmonella was isolated(the overall isolation rate was 12 .42% ) and 30 serotypes were identified .Among children with Salmonella infection ,those under 3 years old accounted for 93 .22% .There was no statistically significant difference of isolation rate between male and female children with infectious diarrhea(P<0 .05) .June and July were peak period of Salmonella infection ,and the isolation rate was 16 .40% and 16 .09% respectively .Isolates of Salmonella typhimurium ,Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella stanley account for 50 .92% ,13 .55% and 10 .26% respectively ,which were dominant serotypes .Conclusion Salmonella is the main pathogenic bacteria in children with infectious diarrhea in Zhuhai area ,and Salmonella typhimurium is the main serotype .The infec‐tion of Salmonella might be correlated with children′s age and climate change .

Objective To investigate the effect of different degree lipidemia on time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay(TRFIA)for determination of unconjugated estriol(uE3).Methods Mixed serum was prepared by collecting different levels of lipidemia samples which were normal and chylous appearance from male and by mixing with definite value serum of uE3.The levels of uE3 in the sam-ples were measured by TRFIA and the effect of lipidemia on TRFIA for determination of uE3 was evaluated.Results For the ap-pearance of chylous specimens,mild lipidemia increased uE3,mid-or hiper-lipidemia samples reduced uE3 and the effect of both was considerable.Conclusion The chylous lipidemia has variant degree of influence to TRFIA for determination of uE3,then the results effect accuracy of Down′s screening.

Objective To explore the differences in mental health self-help status of empty-nesters between urban and rural areas for providing the basis and strategies in mental health self-help and promoting development of the self-help potential.Methods Inner Mongolia Chifeng district,441 cases of urban and rural empty-nesters was valuated with the mental health questionnaire.Results Urban empty-nesters were higher than the ratio of rural empty-nester on the aspects of residential satisfaction,participating in activities,talking about their problems in families,communicating health informations and seeking professional help,x2=8.193,15.930,6.500,13.089,18.857,P ＜ 0.05.Urban empty-nesters were lower than the ratio of rural empty-nester on the aspects of feeling helpless and hiding bad mood,x2=9.930,14.873,P ＜ 0.05.The awareness on mental health knowledge was in low level for both urban and rural areas(17.11％,32/187 and 9.55％,19/199).Conclusions Both urban and rural empty-nesters were in bad conditions of mental health self-help ability,especially for rural empty-nesters.The awareness rate of knowledge on mental health is in highly need.

Objective To explore the influence of the medication adherence and family function on mental disability status of the schizophrenia patients.Methods Morisky Medication Adherence Questionnaire(MAQ),Assessment Schedule Ⅱ (WHO-DAS Ⅱ),Family APGAR Index(APGAR) were used to analyze the influence of the medication adherence and family function on the schizophrenia mental disability patients.120 convalescence mental disability patients were included in Inner Mongolia Anding hospital.Results The mean score of medication adherence and family function of the schizophrenia mental disability patients was (2.40±1.10) points and (4.87±2.42) points,they both played a significant role on the effect of mental disability.The main effect of medication adherence and family function were significantly different.Through the simple effect analysis,the mental disability score was different in the various medication adherence level under the various family function situation,and the mental disability score was also different in the various family function situation under the medication adherence level.Conclusions Both medication adherence and family function have effect on mental disability status of the schizophrenia patients.The medical staff should take targeted measures to delay or improve patients' mental disability status.

Objective In view of the schizophrenia risk factors during the recovery,to explore a supportive intervention program suitable for the rehabilitative schizophrenic patients.Methods Totally 64 rehabilitative schizophrenic patients were divided into the experimental group and the control group with 32 cases in each group.All the patients received the same treatment with antipsychotic drugs.The patients in the control group received the routine health education.In addition,the patients in the experimental group received supportive intervention for 4 months.The patients were assessed by IBS,APGAR,GSES and SDSS before and after intervention.Results Main effect of group factor and time factor of GSES,SDSS,APGAR and IBS had statistical significances.There were significant interaction in the scores of SDSS,APGAR and IBS.Simple effect analysis demonstrated the scores of GSES,SDSS,APGAR and IBS in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group after the intervention.Except the score of GSES,there was no differences in other scales before and after the intervention of the control group.Conclusions Supportive intervention program for the rehabilitative schizophrenic patients have good practice guidance.It can improve the patients' self-efficacy,family function and social function,also can correct irrational beliefs and to help patients better adapt to society.

Objective To examine the relationship between social functioning and psychiatric symptoms,and the mediation effect of self-esteem and emotion between social functioning and psychiatric symptoms among schizophrenia patients of the convalescent stage.Methods The Personal and Social Performance Scale,Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale,Self-Esteem Scale,General Self-Efficacy Scale were used to investigate patients with schizophrenia of the convalescent stage of Chifeng.Results Social functioning for patients with schizophrenia of the convalescent stage could predict psychiatric symptoms directly.Self-esteem and self-efficacy could make a negative prediction for psychiatric symptoms.Self-esteem and self-efficacy played a mediating role between social functioning and psychiatric symptoms.Conclusions Mental health workers should pay close attention to the mediating roles of self-esteem and self-efficacy,and give comprehensive assessment for the patients and provide continuous individualized psychosocial interventions,and thereby to alleviate psychiatric symptoms.

Objective To know the relationship between loneliness and the quality of life of urban and rural absent parents in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,clear the influence factors of loneliness in the absent parents.Methods 441 cases of urban and rural absent parents were selected from the Chifeng district of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were valuated with the general information questionnaire,UCLA Loneliness Scale and MOS 36 item short form health survey (SF-36).Results Rural cases had a higher level of loneliness when compared with the urban cases,t=4.60,P＜0.01.There were significant differences in the general score and the scores of each dimension between the two groups,P＜0.05.Loneliness score was significantly negative correlation with the quality of life in all dimensions,P＜0.01.Regression analysis showed that health,marital status,income and the education level were the main influence factor of loneliness in the urban and rural absent parents.Conclusions Compared with the urban absent parents,rural cases had more obvious loneliness and lower quality of life.Loneliness levels influence the quality of life of absent parents.Loneliness condition of urban and rural absent parents were influenced by various factors,the cases with characteristic of frail,single,low education level and poor economic condition should be the focus group to intervene.

Objective To explore the mediator effect of coping styles in relationship between hope level and subjective well-being of empty-nesters in urban community.Methods 208 empty-nesters were tested with Herth Hope Scale,Coping Style Questionnaire and Subjective Well-Being to investigate the influence and the pathways of hope and coping styles on subjective well-being with structural equation modeling.Results Influence of hope level on subjective well-being of empty-nesters in urban community accorded with completely-mediated model (x2/df =1.971,GFI =0.955,AGFI =0.911,RMSEA =0.068),and influence of hope level mediated by positive coping styles accounted for 41.76％(Z=3.692,P＜0.01).Conclusion The influence of hope level on subjective well-being is mediated mainly by positive coping styles for empty-nesters in urban community.

Objective To understand the psychological health status and related factors in the primary caregivers of schizophrenia patients in Inner Mongolia,in order to provide empirical basis for nursing care.Methods A sample of 264 chronic schizophrenia patients and their primary caregivers,and 260 local normal individuals were selected according to random cluster sampling.The Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS)were used to evaluate the psychological health status.Symptom severity was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).Results The total SCL-90 score of caregivers of patients was higher than that of local normal individuals,especially the scores of somatization,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,and paranoid ideation were higher than those of local normal individuals.Multiple regression analysis showed that caregivers' sex,caregivers' age,duration of illness,positive symptomatology,negative symptomatology and social support were significant predictors of caregivers' psychological health status.Conclusions The primary caregivers of patients with schizophrenia have worse mental health.Health care professionals should pay close attention to psychological health status in the primary caregivers and provide continuous individualized services,and thereby to improve the primary caregiver' psychological health status.

Objective To explore the influence of the hope level and family function on the quality of life of the schizophrenia convalescence patients.Methods One hundred and twenty schizophrenia convalescence patients were investigated with Herth Hope Scale,Family APGAR Index (APGAR) and the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS) to analyze the influence of the level of hope and family function on their quality of life.Results The mean score of the hope level and family function of the schizophrenia convalescence patients was (30.1 ±7.0) points and (4.5± 1.5) points respectively,they both played a significant role on the effect of the quality of life.Through the simple effect analysis,the quality of life was different in the various hope level under the various family function situation,and the quality of life was also different in the various family function situation under the medium hope level.Conclusions Both hope level and family function have effect on the quality of life of patients.The medical staff should take targeted measures to improve their quality of life effectively.